THREATS & REMEDIESFOR

URBAN WETLANDS

MANU BHATNAGARMANU BHATNAGARPr. Director

Natural Heritage DivisionI N T A C HI N T A C H

71,Lodhi Estate, New Delhi – 110003

Phone: 24641304, 24632267, 24632269, 24631818

Fax: 24611290

Email: nhdintach@intach.org, sandeepk@intach.org

Website: www.intach.org

Urbanization ImpactsUrbanization Impacts

• Colonization Of Water Sheds• Decline Of The Water TableDecline Of The Water Table• Interception Of Surface InflowsH F L d• Hunger For Land

• Engineering & Commercial Approach To Lake Management

Threats To LakesThreats To LakesDUE TO URBANIZATION FLOWS FROM CATCHMENTS TO WATERBODIES ARE INTERRUPTEDIN YEARS OF POOR RAINFALL THE WATERBODIES DRY OUT QUICKLYMOST RIVERFED WATERBODIES ARE DISCONNECTED FROM THE RIVER BECAUSE OF INTERVENING EMBANKMENTSOF INTERVENING EMBANKMENTSSILTATION OF WATERBODIES SEWAGE INFLOW LEADING TO EUTROPHICATION OF WATERBODIESSOLID WASTE DISPOSAL, RELIGIOUS OFFERINGS DISPOSALSOLID WASTE  DISPOSAL, RELIGIOUS OFFERINGS DISPOSALWATERBODIES EASY TARGET FOR RECLAMATIONRITUAL BATHINGDECISION MAKERS’ ORIENTATION INADEQUATE LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORK

FUNCTIONS OF LAKESFUNCTIONS OF LAKES• Dispersed aquifer recharge structures for enriching the local ground 

water regime ‐ Enable sustained tube well operations in the local area

• Habitats for aquatic and avian bio‐diversity • Water Purification• Carbon sinks• Food ResourceFood Resource• Substantially add to the visual attraction of the area• Cool the micro‐climate

Off ti l ibiliti• Offer recreational possibilities• Increase soil moisture to support enhanced vegetation growth in 

the localized area

Naini Lake 1850

SOI MAP OF 1936

1883 Gazetteer : Spread 22 Sq.Km.

Najafgarh Jheel – 1995 Flood ‐7 Sq. Km. Spread

Satellite Image of Bhalaswa LakeBhalaswa

Bhalaswa Lake Sant Nagar

Bhalaswa Lake

Sant Nagar Yamuna

Mukandpur

g

Mukandpur

g

Jahangirpuri

Jaroda MajraBurari

Jahangirpuri

Jaroda MajraBurari

Wazirabad

D M kh j N

Wazirabad

D M kh j N

-Oxbow lake on floodplains - Area within embankments 47 ha

Coronation Memorial

Dr Mukherjee NagarCoronation Memorial

Dr Mukherjee Nagar

p- Lake isolated from river by RME - North arm of Lake now Landfill Site

High nutrient load due to horse/cow dung dumping along Bhalaswa Dairy -West

Eutrophication of Lake during summers – Water Hyacinth blooms

Cochin Tidal Wetland

Locaches

HAUZ KHAS

Urbanization of Catchment Characteristics 

1936 : Catchment Area (10 2001 : Catchment Area Tapped1936 : Catchment Area (10

Sq.Km) Natural With Three

SW Channels

2001 : Catchment Area Tapped

(1.75 Sq.Km)

22

• Water BalanceWater Balance• Water Quality

h C h• The Catchment• The Shoreline

HAUZ KHAS

ExistingSpilloverPipeHauz

i l h

•St W t F 175 H C t h t

EXISTINGPIPELINE

Chlorinator(Optional)

Operational Scheme

•Storm Water From 175 Ha Catchment

•Treated Effluent From Vasant Kunj

STPIndian Institute Of Technology

DiversionChamber

Rose Garden

DiversionChamber

(Optional)

I.I.T.

•Directed to Hauz Through Series of 5

Check Dams in Sanjay Van

•From Last Check Dam 3 Km Pipeline

Katwaria Sarai

Katwaria SaraiJ.N.U.

p

(600 mm Dia. PSC ) Laid in SW Nala

To Hauz

•G it Fl E d H N

SANJAY VANReserved Forest

4

5

PIPE LAID ON BEDOF SW CHANNEL

AQUATIC PLANTLAGOON

AQUATIC PLANTLAGOON

Sanjay Van •Gravity Flow Ensured Hence-No

Energy Consumption.N

12

3

CHECK DAMPIPE

AQUATIC PLANTLAGOON

Sanjay Van 

24

Metres 800 600 400 200 0

SOI MAP - 1981

STP Vasant Kunj STP 

STP Effluent Upgraded Using Duck Weed Aquatic PlantUsing Duck Weed Aquatic Plant

1 D k W d N 2 D k W d I t d d I Ch k D1.Duck Weed Nursery 2.Duck Weed Introduced In Check Dam

254.Duck Weed Carpet in Check Dam3.Duck Weed Growth

27

28

BIOREMEDIATION USING ANAEROBIC & FACULTATIVE BACTERIA STRAINSBoD Reduced from 18 mg/l to 10 mg/lBottom DO Increased from 1.5 mg/l to 5 mg/l

Day I Day VDay V

IMPROVEMENT THROUGH BIOREMEDIATION

Day XV Day XXV

Satellite Image of Bhalaswa Lake-Issues

• Wastewater Inflow• Enriched Soil Deposits

Shallowing• Eutrophication• Inadequate Water

Cross-Sections @50 m

Existing Profile & Bathmetry Map

W

ES

N

Excavation Details

0.10 M EXCAVATION

RING R

BURARI >>

0 40 MCM f E i 204 lN

S E

W0.10 M EXCAVATION0.25 M EXCAVATION0.50 M EXCAVATION1.0 M-1.20 M EXCAVATION

•0.40 MCM of Excavation to 204 mamsl •Disposal on west bank area•Desiltation to be carried out April - June

THE EQUATION FOR WATER BALANCETHE EQUATION FOR WATER BALANCE

Available Water + Surface Inflow + Sub‐surfaceAvailable Water + Surface Inflow + Sub surface Inflow + Direct Rainfall – Evaporation Losses –Percolation Losses – Overflow – Outflow =Percolation Losses  Overflow  Outflow = Water Volume In The Lake 

HYDROLOGICAL MODEL FOR BHALASWA LAKE - MODIFIED CONDITION

M hNo.

f

AvgMonthly

SurfaceArea

Evaporation Rate[M

[-]Evaporatio

V l

Percolation Rate[M

[-]PercolationV l

[+]Direct RainF ll

TreatedWater

[+]TreatedWater

FixedVolumeC i

WaterVolume at Spillover

V lMonths ofDays

MonthlyRainfall[in mm]

Area[Sq.Mts]

[MetreColumnPer Day]

n Volume[CM/Month]

[MetreColumnPer Day]

Volume[CM/Month]

Fall[CM/Month]

WaterInflow[CM/Day]

WaterInflow[MCM/Month]

Capacityof Hauz[CM]

e atEnd ofMonth[CM]

Volume[CM]

July 31 191.6 404682 0.005 62726 0.005 62725.71 77537.0712 1550 48050 500000 500136 136

August 31 197 4 404682 0 004 50181 0 005 62725 71 79884 2268 1100 34100 500000 501078 1078August 31 197.4 404682 0.004 50181 0.005 62725.71 79884.2268 1100 34100 500000 501078 1078

September 30 105.3 404682 0.004 48562 0.005 60702.3 42613.0146 2250 67500 500000 500849 849

October 31 19.3 404682 0.004 50181 0.005 62725.71 7810.3626 3400 105400 500000 500304 304

November 30 2.8 404682 0.003 36421 0.005 60702.3 1133.1096 3200 96000 500000 500009 9r

December 31 4.3 404682 0.003 37635 0.005 62725.71 1740.1326 3200 99200 500000 500579 579

January 31 14.5 404682 0.002 25090 0.005 62725.71 5867.889 2650 82150 500000 500202 202

February 29 13.2 404682 0.002 23472 0.005 58678.89 5341.8024 2650 76850 500000 500041 41

March 31 9.9 404682 0.006 75271 0.005 62725.71 4006.3518 4350 134850 500000 500860 860

April 30 5.5 404682 0.009 109264 0.005 60702.3 2225.751 5600 168000 500000 500259 259

May 31 9.2 404682 0.011 137997 0.005 62725.71 3723.0744 6400 198400 500000 501401 1401

June 30 38.8 404682 0.01 121405 0.005 60702.3 15701.6616 5550 166500 500000 500095 95

N [ ] d ddi i [ ] d lNote : [+] denotes additions, [-] denotes lossesTotal Design 5813

Volume: 6500 CUM/Day( 6.5 MLD)

Note : 6.5 MLD peak requirement during summers rounded of to 7.0 MLD

Proposed Modified Profile

44454647 34353637383940414243 17181920212223242526272829303233 31

A

12345678910

11121314151648495051525354555657585960616263646566676869707172737475767778798081828384

204.00

204.25

204.00204.25

204.50

BED LEVEL- 204.00

100

110 0

12 00

1300

204.50

204.25

203.75

204.00 BED LEVEL- 204.00

1400

1500

204.75

205.00

204.75204.75

205.00

205.00

204.75

204.25

2 04 .5 0

204.50

204.75

204.50204.25

B C

D E

F G H

I J K

1593.157

204.25 204.50

204.75205.50

204.50

20M

20M

New Embankment Crest at 206.5 Level

Area West of Embankment to be Filled with Excavated Soil upto 206.5 Level

New Embankment

0800

0900

0

Existing Embankment to be raised to 206.5 Level

204.75

204.75

K L M N

O P

Q R

S T

New Embankment Crest at 206.5 Level

BED LEVEL- 204.00

0700

50

206.00

207.00

03

0400

0500

0600

204.75

204.75

205.00

204.75 204.50 204.25 204.00

203.75

204.50

ISLAN

D

BED LEVEL- 204.00

BED LEVEL- 204.00

Crest at 206.5 Level

U V W

X Y Z AA AB

20M

20M

0000

0100

0200

300

205.75

BED LEVEL- 204.00

☺

W

ES

N 40 Ha Waterspread0.5 MCM Storage Volume at FSL

ES

Proposed Plan 205.00

204.75204.75

205.00

204.25

204 .5 0

204.50

204.50

204.25

203.75

204.00

204.00

204.25

204.00204.25

204.50204.25 204.50

BH

ALASW

AD

AIR

Y

A B C

D E F G

12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293032333435363738394041424344454647484950515253 3154555657585960616263646566676869707172737475767778798081828384

1

New Embankment Crest at 206.5 Level

Pipe for Transfer of N h

20M

20M

0

0600

0700

0800

0900

1000

1100

1200

1300

1400

1500

204.75

204.75

204.75

205.00

204.75

204.50

204.75205.50

206.00

207.00

204.75

204.75

205.00

204.75 204.50 204.25 204.00

204.50

204.75

204.50204.25

G H

I J K L M

N O

P Q

593. 157

ISLAND

New Embankment Existing Embankment to

BED LEVEL- 204.00

BED LEVEL- 204.00

BED LEVEL- 204.00

BED LEVEL- 204.00

BED LEVEL- 204.00

7.5 MLD STPALTERNATE LOCATION (2)

Northern Water to South End of Lake

Spillway Overflow Structure to be Renovated

0000

0100

0300

0400

0500

205.75

203.75

20

20M

R S

T U V W

X Y Z AA A

Crest at 206.5 Level

Existing Embankment to be raised to 206.5 Level

7.5 MLD STP OVER SUPPLEMNTARY DRAIN ALTERNATE LOCATION (1)(INFLUENT UPLIFTED FROM DRAIN)

Battery of Floating Fountains (22 no.) Floating Fountains 1 no.

at Deepest Location

☺

W

ES

N

0M

AB

•Pre- Treatment in Drain•FAB STP of 7.0 MLD Capacity x 4000 sq.m. area•10 HP x 22 No. Vertical Aerators•30 HPx 1 No. Vertical Aerator at Deepest Point•Circulation of Water 1 MGD north to south end•Bio-remediation in situ•5 lakh carp fish to reduce algae and detritus•Diversion of non-point inflows•Burari Creek waters

EVERY  VITITED LAKE HAS TO HAVE A SITE SPECIFIC SOLUTIONSITE SPECIFIC SOLUTION

SOLUTION CAN BE A COMBO OF DIFFERENT INNOVATIONSINNOVATIONS

SOLUTIONS NEED TO ENCOMPASS LEGAL, INSTITUTIONAL, PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT FOR SUSTAINING THE TECHNICAL SUCCESS