threat detection … · threat detection by x- operators manual search ... homemade electronic...
TRANSCRIPT
Threat Detection by X- Operators
Manual Search
FACT: You can only recognise what you
have seen and learned.
Recognit ion of X-rayed objects is a very complex
process, but essentially it means to compare
visually acquired information with object
representat ions stored in one’s visual memory.
To increase probability of threat detection during
manual search one needs to be familiar with the
threat objects, their shape, texture, weight and visual
appearance.
FACT: Familiarisation with threat objects is
essential for maximising threat detection.
www.renful.co.uk
www.simulants.co.uk
Churchill House
137 Brent Street
London
NW4 4DJ
Tel: +44 (0) 208 457 9111
Fax: +44 (0) 208 457 9222
Email: [email protected]
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It is significant for operators of Explosives Detect ion
Systems (EDS) and Trace Detect ion Systems (TDS) to
become familiar with the specific X-ray transmission
propert ies of the explosives, including Z effect ive (Zeff)
and CT number, otherwise at the crucial moment they
won’t be able to identify the threats, potentially
endangering human lives.
Training with Simulants
Renful Premier Technologies has understood the need
for proper training and test ing of security staff involved
in threat detect ion. We have developed all the
necessary training tools to enable staff to be better
equipped and more motivated in carrying out their
dut ies. Please read on to f ind out detailed information
about different types of simulants and training kits we
can offer.
The importance of conduct ing drills has also been
addressed by Renful through the creat ion of an unique
range of test ing tools which can be either acquired or
rented.
As an expert on detect ion systems, Renful has
compiled a list of simulants, which were categorised
into the following groups:
Research indicates that to increase the rate of
detect ion and identify explosives and IED’s using
senses of sight (general appearance, colour) and touch
(texture, weight per volume) it is essential to provide
security agents with the opportunity of experiencing
explosive simulants that replicate actual explosives as
closely as possible, as part of their training. • High Quality Explosive Simulants
• Training & Testing Kits
• Renful Drill Accessories
How do they work?
� Eliminate the safety problems associated with the
use of real explosives
� Were developed precisely in order to enable
opt imal training efficiency
� Replicate characterist ics such as colour, texture,
molecular weight, dielectric constant
� Ensure truly effect ive training of security
manpower, as well as precise calibrat ion that
takes into consideration key operat ional
parameters
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All our simulants are:
Explosive Simulants and Related IED
Components
Similarly, operators of technological detect ion
systems learn how explosives look on their screen.
Due to the accurate replicat ion of X-ray transmission,
including Zeff and CT propert ies, the simulants
would appear as the actual explosive material.
Non-hazardous and non-toxic
All are synthetic materials for training purposes
Contain no explosive or narcot ic elements
Are fully inert
By seeing the colour, feeling the texture and weight
per volume and becoming familiar with their
appearance, security staff will be able to immediately
and easily identify actual explosives if and when they
do encounter them.
The contribut ion of the simulated IEDs (Improvised
Explosive Devices) to training effect iveness is also
vital, as they enable to teach trainees about the
items terrorists are likely to use and the methods of
concealment of explosive materials they may
employ, while also allowing them to learn about the
various components of the explosive device – thus
facilitat ing identif ication.
In order to maintain a high level of training
effectiveness, it is crucial to expose the trainees to
training aids that are as similar as possible to "the
real thing".
The proprietary simulants are ideally suited to serve
as training aids, as they represent the materials they
replicate to an unparalleled degree. Their uniquely
close resemblance allows trainees to experience the
materials they are called upon to detect – using both
their senses of sight and touch.
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High-quality explosive simulants eliminate the safety
problems associated with the use of real explosives in
training security staff.
Renful has complemented this range with related
explosive device components such as simulated
detonators and detonating cord.
Simulated Detonators:
Properties:
� Aluminium / Cardboard / Copper sleeve
� X-ray and Z effective compatibility
� Pyrotechnic or electric ignition
� Inert electric match head
Electric aluminium
detonator
Electric cardboard
detonator
Optional:
� 1 to 3 meters electric wires
� Electric wires in black, red, blue, green and
yellow colors
� Electric match head septum in various
colors
Electric copper
detonator
Detonating Cord Simulant:
Properties:
� Visual
� Tactile
� Accurate CT#
� Z effective
� Density 0.35-0.55 g/cm3
� Color: Red, Green, Black, Yellow
� Length up to 30 cm
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T.N.T Explosive Simulants:
Properties:
� Visual, tactile, CT, Z effective
� Density and colour compatibility
� Paper wax package
� Detonator housing
� Trace detection compatibility of relevant
channels in accordance with real properties
� TNT Flakes
Optional:
Plastic Explosive Simulants:
Properties:
� Visual, tactile, CT, Z effective
� Density and colour compatibility
Optional:
� Trace detection compatibility of RDX and
PETN channels in accordance with real
properties
C-4
Semtex H
Semtex 1A
Semtex 10
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Detonation Sheet Simulants:
Properties:
� Visual, tactile, CT, Z effective
� Thickness 2 – 12 mm
� Colours: white, gray, black, olive green,
pink, red, and blue
Optional:
� Trace detection compatibility of RDX and
PETN channels in accordance with real
properties for trace detectors and K9
Gun Cotton Simulant:
Properties:
� Visual, tactile, CT, Z effective
� Density and colour compatibility
Optional:
� Trace detection compatibility
for trace detectors and K9
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Drug Simulants:
Pure Heroin Simulant Persian Cocain Simulant
Properties:
Optional:
� Visual
� Tactile
� Z effective
ANFO Simulant:
Properties:
� Visual, tactile, CT, Z effective
� Density and colour compatibility
� Trace detection compatibility
for trace detectors and K9
Black Powder Simulant:
� Visual, tactile, CT, Z effective
� Density and colour compatibility
Properties:
Optional:
� Trace detection compatibility
for trace detectors and K9
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Pentaerythritol Tetranitrate (PETN) Simulant: Properties:
Optional:
� Visual, tactile, CT, Z effective
� Density and colour compatibility
� Trace detection compatibility
for trace detectors and K9
Triacetone Triperoxide Simulant (TATP):
Properties:
� Visual, tactile, CT, Z effective
� Density and colour compatibility
Optional:
� Trace detection compatibility
for trace detectors and K9
RDX Powder Simulant:
Properties:
� Visual, tactile, CT, Z effective
� Density and colour compatibility
Optional:
� Trace detection compatibility
for trace detectors and K9
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Liquid Explosive Simulants Family:
� PLX
� Hydrogen Peroxide (70%)
� Astrolite A
� Astrolite G
� Nitroglycerine
� Tovex Water Gel
� Aluminised Tovex Water Gel (Tovex 200)
Nitroglycerine Explosive Simulants:
Properties:
� Visual, tactile, CT, Z effective
� Density and colour compatibility
Optional:
� Trace detection compatibility of relevant
channels in accordance with real properties
Astrolite A, G Explosive Simulants:
Astrolite A Astrolite G
Properties:
� Visual, tactile, CT, Z effective
� Density and colour compatibility
Optional:
� Trace detection compatibility of relevant
channels in accordance with real properties
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PLX Explosive Simulant:
� Visual, tactile, CT, Z effective
� Density and colour compatibility
Properties:
Optional:
� Trace detection compatibility of relevant
channels in accordance with real properties
Water Gel Explosive Simulants:
Properties:
� Visual, tactile, CT, Z effective
� Density and colour compatibility
Optional:
� Trace detection compatibility of relevant
channels in accordance with real properties
� Density adjustments from 1.05 1.35 g/cm3
Tovex 200 Tovex 10
Training & Testing Kits
� 36 samples of explosives (each packed into a
transparent plast ic box, with individual insert cards
containing technical data)
� Samples show the colour and texture of a wide
range of Military, Commercial and Home Made
explosives
� The kit is packed in a briefcase with a chart of
items fixed to the lid
Explosives Identification Training Kit
Military Explosives:
� GUN COTTON
� PICRIC ACID
� CAST TNT
� FLAKE TNT
� RDX COMPOSITION B
� TETRAZENE
� HMX
� TETRYL
� PETN
� COMPOSITION 3
� PE 808
� PE4
� SX-2
� COMPOSITION 4
Industrial Explosives:
� SEMTEX-H
� SEMTEX-10
� PLASTIC D1
� SEMTEX-1A PLASTIC
� FULMINATE OF MERCURY
� LEAD AZIDE
� TNRS
� DDNP
� BLACK POWDER
� STRAIGHT DYNAMITE
� AMMONIA DYNAMITE
� GELATINE DYNAMITE
� AMMONIA GELATINE DYNAMITE
� DYNAMITE POWDER
� SLURRIES & EMULSIONS
� TNT BASED POWDER
� GRISUTINE
Home Made Explosives:
� ANS CO-OP
� ANFO
� ANNIE
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X-Ray Training & Testing Kit
(Modular Bomb Kit)
� Different types of power source, as follows: 4 X
1.5 volt battery pack, 9 volt alkaline, 9 volt zinc
carbon, 12 volt battery lithium.
� Different types of mechanisms that provide
feedback when activated (light, sound etc, to
mark the “explosion”). The mechanisms are as
follows: clockwork countdown timer, electronic
countdown timer, homemade electronic timer,
barometric switch, light-sensitive booby-trap, tilt
or trembler booby-trap, anti-opening device.
� In addition, we have simulated explosives (RDX
and/ or Semtex) as follows: simulated explosive
without detonator, simulated explosive with side-
mounted detonator, simulated explosive and
mounted detonator.
� Simulated plastic explosive sheets that provide
real X-ray signature of explosives. They are as
follows: K1 – 5mm thick, weight 110 gms; K2 –
10mm thick – 220gms; K3 – 15mm thick – 400
gms. Total weight: 730gms.
� Copper electric delay detonator, similar to those
used in real events throughout Europe.
� Consists of a hard-sided suitcase that contains
the components necessary to construct a range
of simulated bombs
� Bombs can be built by an instructor using
a variety of components and methods
� All items are accurate in appearance and
give an accurate X-ray signature
� Helps with identifying both entire
bombs and separate components
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Anti-Handling Booby-Trap Kit
� This kit includes seven individual booby-trap
components.
� Each box is identical, and the only external sign
is the small arming hole on one side of the box. A
common type arming pin is housed inside the
boxes which use finger tight fixing screws, and
all have hinged type lids.
� All devices use common 9 volt PP3 type batteries
which can be easily replaced, and all devices use
a piezo type buzzer to indicate operation.
The boxes are all marked externally with a
numerical reference, indicating the following
contents:
� Light sensitive device
� Microswitch – pressure off
� Tilt switch
� Vibration Sensor
� Anti-Tamper Breakwire
� Electro-Magnetic Proximity Switch
� Microswitch-Anti-Lift
� Simulated Plastic Explosive with aluminium
detonator
� Simulated Plastic Explosive with copper
detonator
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Postal Devices Kit
� Includes parcels, envelopes, tube, padded bag &
video cassette cases with typical suspicious
features.
� All items are contained in a briefcase for
packing/ storage.
� All items are addressed and stamped with a
variety of different markings, both British and
international.
� Items can be purpose addressed, and marked
and stamped with specific country destination if
details and samples are provided.
Kit contents are as follows:
� PARCEL WITH TYPICAL SUSPICIOUS FEATURES
� ACTUAL TYPE - NEO-NAZI - LETTER
� ACTUAL TYPE - AL HAYATT - LETTER
� ACTUAL TYPE - MARDI-GRA - VIDEO CASSETTE BOX
� ENVELOPE TYPE - COIN CELL BATTERIES – DL
ENVELOPE
� POSTAL TUBE DEVICE WITH THEATRICAL MAROONS
� VIDEO CASSETTE BOX FITTED WITH PHOTO-DIODE
DEVICE
� NON-EXPLOSIVE - INCENDIARY DEVICE - PADDED BAG
� NON-EXPLOSIVE - RAZOR BLADES – DL ENVELOPE
� SET OF A3 DATA SHEETS
� BRIEFCASE FOR PACKING/STORAGE
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Drugs Identification Kit
� The kit consists of 29 simulated drug samples,
designed for visual identification purposes.
� Each is packed into a small, transparent plastic
box with insert card with technical details and
description.
� Three boards, showing the paraphernalia
associated with drug use are also included in the
kit.
� Each board has a protective clear cover. The kit is
packed into a briefcase with a contents list and
colour identification chart.
Simulants:
� COCAINE
� CRACK COCAINE
� AMPHETAMINE
� SUPER AMPHETAMINE
� DMT
� ICE
� ECSTASY
� 4MTA
� DOB
Hallucinogens:
� FLY AGARIC MUSHROOM
� LIBERTY CAP MUSHROOM
� MAGIC MUSHROOM
� LSD (TABS)
� LSD (GELS, MICRODOTS
AND TABLETS)
� MARIJUANA
� HASHISH
� CANNABIS OIL
� SKUNK MARIJUANA
Opiates:
� OPIUM
� MORPHINE
� WHITE HEROIN
� BROWN HEROIN
� PINK HEROIN
� DIAMORPHINE
Depressants:
� TEMAZEPAM
� KETAMINE
� BARBITURATES
� METHAQUALONE
Other Drugs:
� GHB
� AMYL NITRATE
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Extensive Explosive Identification and
X-Ray Training Kit
� Electric Detonators (aluminum, copper and
cardboard)
� Non Electric Detonators (aluminum, copper
and cardboard)
� C4 Simulant (IMC)
� Semtex H Simulant (IMC)
� 6 mm Sheet Simulant (IMC)
� TNT Bulk Simulant (IMC)
� NG Liquid (IMC)
� NG Dynamite (IMC)
� TATP (Vial)
� ANFO (vial)
� Smokeless Powder (vial)
� Black Powder (vial)
� Different Batteries
� Electric Circuits*
Liquid Explosives Kit
� Nitroglycerine
� Astrolite G
� Hydrogen Peroxide
� PLX
� EGDN
� Nitromethane
� NG Dynamite
� Water Gel Tovex 200
� Water Gel Tovex
* International mass criteria
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Plastic Explosives Training Kit
� Semtex A Simulant (IMC)
� Semtex H Simulant (IMC)
� Semtex 10 Simulant (IMC)
� RDX powder Simulant
� Plastic Explosives Binder Simulant
� C4 Simulant (IMC)
� Sheet Explosive 4mm gray colour (IMC)
� Sheet Explosive 5mm red colour (IMC)
� Sheet Explosive 8mm olive green colour
(IMC)
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Improvised Explosives Kit
� Improvised Deta Sheet
� TATP
� Chlorate
� AN Mixture
� Black Powder
� Fertilizer Mixture I
� Fertilizer Mixture II
� Mercury fulminate
� Lead azid
� Improvised Detonator
� Improvised Detonator
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The STP - (Standard Test Piece) is
manufactured to the U.K. Home Office,
Department of Environment, Department
for Transport and regional specifications, for
use in support of the UK Transport Security
Programme.
The STP unit also fully complies with
regulations set by the European Civil
Aviation Conference and can be used within
European Union countries.
The units comply fully with the requirements
for the routine testing of X-ray screening
equipment. The units weigh approx 4 kilos
and are supplied inside a special black plastic
attaché case.
STP Kit
Concealed IED’s Kit
� Drinking Can
� Shaving Machine
� DVD Package
� Softdrink Bottle
� Flashlight
� Hair Dryer
� Folder
Coming soon!
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Drill Accessories
Renful has been constantly developing new high
level training products. We offer concealed items
IED’s – state of the art drill accessories for training
and test ing X-ray security personnel.
All Renful Drill Accessories consist of high
performance explosive simulants which are
compatible with detect ion technologies and allow
management to test and evaluate the performance
level of security staff.
Customers can design their own drill accessories
and receive a product suitable for their own
requirements.
Renful also provides a unique service of drill
accessories on lease basis, where a library of
IED’s is available to the customer.
� Leather Shoes
� 5 mm D.S Simulant
� Cardboard detonator
� IMC
� Trace Detect ion
Compatibility available
� C4 Simulant,
� cardboard detonator
� IMC
� 5mm D.S Simulant
� Aluminum detonator
� Manual switch
� IMC
PAIR OF SHOES
IRON
LAPTOP COMPUTER
CAN
� NG Simulant
� Aluminum detonator
� Magnetic switch
� IMC
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Renful Premier Technologies can also offer:
Simfox - the most advanced training and
test ing simulator for X-ray currently available
on the market, suitable for training new and
experienced staff in order to enhance their
detect ion skills.
Trefox meets the urgent requirement for
high-quality training for newly-recruited
security X-ray screeners. It is designed to
provide basic X-ray training to new recruits
with no previous experience of working in an
X-ray operat ion.
Pre-M is designed for the pre-select ion of
suitable X-ray operators, by means of
exposure to interact ive tests meant to assess
their cognit ive abilit ies and personality
traits. There are currently 9 different tests
which will assist in the select ion of
candidates under a variety of criteria.
AVSEC School (AVIATION SECURITY
SCHOOL) is a security training e-learning
portal designed for organisations to facilitate
the selection, training and testing of
employees in a flexible manner. For more
information please visit:
www.avsecschool.com
PostalDevice.com and X-rayscreener.com are
designed to promote understanding of the
threat posed by postal devices respect ively
to increase the security awareness of all
personnel involved in X-ray screening.
www.postaldevice.com
www.x-rayscreener.com
Security Multimedia CBT
S.T.O.P. POSTAL DEVICES COMPUTER
BASED TRAINING PROGRAMME
S.TO.P. Postal Devices is an educational
multimedia training programme using
photographic images, video, audio, text and
animation to increase the security awareness of
personnel in the workplace.
S.T.O.P. PASSPORT COMPUTER
BASED TRAINING PROGRAMME
S.T.O.P. Passport is a comprehensive multimedia
training programme, on the subject of Passport
Forgery, that uses digital images, video, audio and
animation to describe sound techniques for
identifying forgery and counterfeiting; as well as
face recognition techniques for the identification
of the impostor (a person using the genuine,
unaltered documentation of a person who looks
similar to him/her).
S.T.O.P. CARGO SECURITY, LEVEL 4
TRAINING PROGRAMME
The program covers all areas of the DfT,
Government approved Level 4 course. It is
designed to address the growing demand
for training courses in air cargo security, as
the cargo sector becomes an increasingly
attractive target for terrorist attacks.
S.T.O.P. TERRORISM COMPUTER
BASED TRAINING PROGRAMME
S.T.O.P. TERRORISM is an educational multimedia
training programme that uses digital images, video,
audio, text and animation to promote understanding
and heighten awareness of the threat posed by
terrorism.
The programme examines terrorist motivations,
ideologies, tactics, targeting, and weapons
capabilities - including the new threats posed by
Cyberterrorism; and Chemical, Biological and
Radiological weapons.
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Churchill House
137 Brent Street
London
NW4 4DJ
Tel: +44 (0) 208 457 9111
Fax: +44 (0) 208 457 9222
Email: [email protected]
www.simulants.co.uk
www.renful.co.uk
Contact us: