Thomas Thomas Jefferson Jefferson

- We know Jefferson as We know Jefferson as a student of the a student of the College of William and College of William and Mary, Author of the Mary, Author of the Declaration of Declaration of Independence, Independence, Secretary of State Secretary of State under Washington, Vice under Washington, Vice President under John President under John Adams and the Adams and the ideas behind the ideas behind the Democratic Republican Democratic Republican Party. Party.

Born April 13, 1743 - Died July 4, 1826

Thomas Jefferson Thomas Jefferson

A detail from a watercolor of the White House grounds about 1827. Shown with the White House are Jefferson’s stone wall; the orchard and vegetable garden, fenced in rails; and several workmen’s shanties left over from the reconstruction.

THOMASTHOMAS JEFFERSONJEFFERSON-Democratic Republican (Virginia)Democratic Republican (Virginia)

-Vice President - Aaron Burr -Vice President - Aaron Burr --Inaugurated, March 4, 1801Inaugurated, March 4, 1801

THOMASTHOMAS JEFFERSONJEFFERSON

Election of 1800Election of 1800

- Point 1 - While there was no campaigning, Jefferson and Aaron Burr tie .

- Point 2 -The House of Representatives chooses Jefferson to be president (Hamilton’s influence changes the election).

- Impact! The 12th Amendment is created so that Presidential and Vice Presidential voting is separate.

THOMASTHOMAS JEFFERSONJEFFERSON

War with TripoliWar with Tripoli

Burning of the frigate Philadelphia in the harbor of Tripoli, February 16, 1804, by Edward Moran, painted 1897, depicts a naval action of the First Barbary War.

- Point 1 - Barbary Pirates in the Mediterranean Sea force those who pass through in trade to pay tribute.

- Point 2 - The U.S. wouldn’t pay and fought (War with Tripoli) U.S. pays $60,000 to the Pirates to get captured sailors back .

- Impact - While many consider it to be a triumph of dealing with other nations at sea, the U. S. continues to struggle with this.

THOMASTHOMAS JEFFERSONJEFFERSONImpressmentImpressment

-Britain (and other naval powers) capture U.S. trade ships.

- U.S. sailors are forced to work against their will.

-Jefferson was forced to take action in response.

THOMASTHOMAS JEFFERSONJEFFERSON

Judiciary Act 1801Judiciary Act 1801

On January 18, 1800, Thomas Jefferson, then Vice On January 18, 1800, Thomas Jefferson, then Vice President of the United States, alluded to plans for President of the United States, alluded to plans for a new college . The University of Virginia was a new college . The University of Virginia was eventually be built on James Monroe’s land and eventually be built on James Monroe’s land and open January 25, 1819. open January 25, 1819.

- The Judiciary Act set up courts with 16 judges.

- Since John Adams was behind this decision, the chosen judges were Federalists.- This keeps some control in our National Government for the Federalist Party (Judicial Branch control)

THOMASTHOMAS JEFFERSONJEFFERSON

Midnight Judges Midnight Judges

William MarburyWilliam Marbury

- Last minute appointments by Adams and Marshall to appoint more Federalist Judges.

- Jefferson became president, he said “DON’T SEND THEM OUT!” to Madison (Sec of St)

- William Marbury was expecting an appointment and did not get it.

THOMASTHOMAS JEFFERSONJEFFERSON

Marbury vs. MadisonMarbury vs. Madison- Marbury takes his case (want for a judicial position) to the Supreme Court.

- Chief Justice John Marshall says the appointment shouldn’t be given because the Judiciary Act of 1789 is unconstitutional.

- This is the first use of JUDICIAL REVIEW and it shows that the Judicial Branch can use their power to check other branch. (CHECKS AND BALANCES WORKS!)

Anyone know Anyone know what state what state was added was added March 1, March 1, 1803?1803?

Hint…Hint…

1 Delaware Dec. 7, 1787

2 Pennsylvania Dec. 12, 1787

3 New Jersey Dec. 18, 1787

4 Georgia Jan. 2, 1788

5 Connecticut Jan. 9, 1788

6 Massachusetts Feb. 6, 1788

7 Maryland April 28, 1788

8 South Carolina May 23, 1788

9 New Hampshire June 21, 1788

10 Virginia June 25, 1788

11 New York July 26, 1788

12 North Carolina Nov. 21, 1789

13 Rhode Island May 29, 1790

14 Vermont March 4, 1791

15 Kentucky June 1,1792

16 Tennessee June 1, 1796

THOMASTHOMAS JEFFERSONJEFFERSON

Louisiana PurchaseLouisiana Purchase-- Point 1 - Napoleon Bonaparte - needs $ to fight Britain; Sold Louisiana to the U.S. for 15 million dollars (2 x fed budget)

- Point 2 – Jefferson used “Treaty Making Powers” to justify purchase since the Constitution did not outline buying of land.

- Impact - Senate Approves; Country’s size doubles!! I will take back that land

after I take care of Britain!

THOMASTHOMAS JEFFERSONJEFFERSONLewis and ClarkLewis and Clark

- Point 1 - Jefferson sends Meriwether Lewis and William Clark to explore the Louisiana Purchase. The y wanted to find a Western Passage . They didn’t find it

Point 2 - Point 2 - Take journals; Find Take journals; Find “new” plant animal species. “new” plant animal species.

-Impact –Inspires Western Inspires Western Expansion.Expansion.

The Lewis and Clark Expedition

Many reports, by many who simply guessed and had never been there told of western terrain spotted with wondrous creatures: unicorns, gargantuan woolly mastodons, seven-foot-tall beavers, and friendly, slim-waisted buffalo.

Knowing there would be skeptics, especially among his foes in the Federalist party, Jefferson worded his message in a way that minimized military risks and used commercial gains as the bait. He made the temptation cheap, asking only $2,500 to fund the expedition (although actual costs reached $38,722). On February 28, 1803, Congress approved Jefferson’s request.

The William Clark Resume ….-Born in Virginia and the youngest of 10, he had no formal education. He helped at home during the Revolution (too young to fight).

- His Older Brother, George Rogers Clark, fought in the west, won at Vincennes, and was known as “The Washington of the West”

- Joined the Virginia Militia in 1789 and fought Native Americans in the Ohio River Valley

- Clark spent three years on the expedition, and although technically subordinate to Lewis in rank, he exercised equal authority at Lewis's insistence.

-He concentrated chiefly on the drawing of maps, the management of the expedition's supplies, and the identification of native plants and animals.

-Born in Virginia, he was privately tutored there and in Georgia and graduate d from Liberty Hall Academy (Now Washington and Lee University)

- He joined the Virginia Militia and was involved in putting down the whiskey rebellion, later becoming a captain.

-Lewis was appointed private secretary to President Thomas Jefferson in 1801. Originally, he was to provide information on the politics of the United States Army

The Meriwether Lewis Resume ….

-St. Louis , leave Spring 1804

- Return September 1806

They travel in big keelboat (55 long, 8 feet wide, capable of carrying 10 tons of supplies) and two smaller boats called pirogues. Proceeding up Missouri River involves sailing, rowing, using setting poles, and sometimes wading along the bank to pull the boats with corbelling ropes. 14 miles is a good day’s progress.

Mathematical Instruments:surveyor’s compass

hand compass quadrants telescope

thermometers 2 sextants

set of plotting instruments chronometer (needed to calculate

longitude)

Camp Supplies:150 yards of cloth to be oiled and sewn into tents and sheets

pliers chisels

30 steels for striking to make fire handsaws hatchets

whetstones iron corn mill

two dozen tablespoons mosquito curtains

10 1/2 pounds of fishing hooks and fishing lines 12 pounds of soap

193 pounds of "portable soup" (a thick paste concocted by boiling down beef, eggs and vegetables)

three bushels of salt writing paper, ink and crayons

Look for water route to Pacific; Fail;

-Sacagawea; guided and protected the group

Journey Details…

After almost losing all of their articles vital to the success of the trip, Clark wrote about Sacagawea in his journal on May 16, "to whom I ascribe equal fortitude and resolution, with any person onboard at the time of the accident, caught and preserved most of the light articles which were washed overboard."

The captains hire Toussaint Charbonneau, a French Canadian fur trader living among the Hidatsas, as an interpreter. He has a young Shoshone wife, Sacagawea, who would become just as important to the success on the trip.

Sacagawea gives birth to a baby boy, Jean Baptiste. Lewis assists in speeding the delivery by giving her a potion made by crushing the rings of a rattlesnake’s rattle into powder

February 11, 1805

Having discovered a village of Shoshones, Lewis tries to negotiate for the horses he now knows are all-important to cross the daunting mountains. On this day, Clark and the rest of the expedition arrive and Sacagawea is brought in to help translate. Remarkably, the Shoshone chief, Cameahwait, turns out to be her brother. The captains name the spot Camp Fortunate.

August 17, 1805

The Corps returned to the Hidatsa-Mandan villages marking the end of the trip for Sacagawea, Charbonneau and their boy, Jean Baptiste. When the trip was over, Sacagawea received nothing, but Charbonneau was given $500.33 and 320 acres of land.

August 14, 1806

November 4, 1804

Interesting members who went! (you don’t have to write them!)

-One of 3 sergeants on the trip-Carpenter; personally responsible for building 3 winter quarters-Fought in the War of 1812 (lost an eye)-Published his trip memoirs -Enlisted for the Union in the 1860 to enter the Civil War

(don’t write this!!!!!)

(don’t write this!!!!!)

- William Clark’s Servant - Native Americans in the west were amazed by him as they had not seen an African American before-Eventually, at least 10 years after the expedition, Clark granted York his freedom. York went into the freighting business in Kentucky and Tennessee

-Clark’s Newfoundland Dog-Purchased for $20.00- Lookout at night

(don’t write this!!!!!)

HERE IS THE PATH THEY TOOK !!!

OOPS……..

Thinking he sees the end of land in the distance, Clark writes his most famous journal entry: “Ocian in view! O! the joy.” [His spelling.] But they’re actually only at the eastern end of Gray’s Bay, still 20 miles from sea.

WOW!!!!!!!!

Clark estimates they have traveled 4,162 miles from the mouth of the Missouri to the Pacific. His estimate, based on dead reckoning, will turn out to be within 40 miles of the actual distance.

BACK TO THE NOTES!!!!!!!!

IMPACT!!!!!IMPACT!!!!!

- Take journals; - Take journals;

- Find “new” plant - Find “new” plant and and animal species. animal species. ( 200 plant species and a bones of a 45 foot dinosaur)

Lewisia rediviva Pursh

HAMILTON / BURR

HAMILTON / BURR DUEL

Hamilton accuses Burr of treason (plans for N.Y. to secede)

Alexander Hamilton

HAMILTON / BURR DUEL

Hamilton accuses Burr of treason (plans for N.Y. to secede)

Burr loses Governor election – Challenges Hamilton to Duel.

Aaron Burr

HAMILTON / BURR DUEL

-Hamilton Dies(July 11, 1804)

-Burr flees and Political Career Ends.

THOMASTHOMAS JEFFERSONJEFFERSON

Pike’s Expedition Pike’s Expedition -- Point 1 -Sent to explore when Jefferson lost touch with the Lewis and Clark Expedition

- Point 2 - Explored the Southern portions of the Louisiana Territory

- Impact - U.S gains knowledge on the southern part of the Louisiana

Pike was either a spy for the Americans on Spain, or really lost at times! Here he looks at the peek named after him!

The Zebulon Pike Expedition

THOMASTHOMAS JEFFERSONJEFFERSONEmbargo Act of 1807Embargo Act of 1807

ograbme is embargo backwards, which is how the people feel about the Embargo Act, because, like a turtle, it is slowing the economy down.

- Point 1 - Jefferson bans trade with all foreign nations .

- Point 2 - It was set up to hurt Britain’s trade (no U.S. agriculture), but they traded with South America instead.

- Impact - Unused goods made people lay off workers (high unemployment = poor economy)

ograbme is embargo backwards, which is how the people feel about the Embargo Act, because, like a turtle, it is slowing the economy down.

Jefferson’s gravesite discusses what he felt were his three biggest Jefferson’s gravesite discusses what he felt were his three biggest accomplishments. None of these accomplishments were having been elected accomplishments. None of these accomplishments were having been elected president .president .