thomas c. smith€¦ · 03/05/2020 · • z 9.3 - spray finishing operations • z 9.4 - abrasive...

May 2020

3FLOW Copyright © 2020 1

Copyright © 2020

919-319-4290www.3flow.com

A Primer to Improve Airflow in

Labs and Critical Workspaces – Module 2

Copyright © 2020

– President/CEO, 3Flow (formerly Exposure Control Technologies, Inc.)

– BSME (NCSU), MSEE – Industrial Hygiene (UNC-CH)

– Chair, AIHA/ANSI Z9 Ventilation Standards for Safety and Health

– Chair, ASHRAE TC 9.10 – Laboratory Systems

– Vice Chair, ASHRAE/ANSI 110 – Method of Testing Fume Hoods

– Board of Directors – International Institute for Sustainable Labs

– NCSU Mechanical/Aerospace Engineering Alumni Hall of Fame

– 50+ Professional Papers and Presentations

Thomas C. Smith

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Copyright © 2020

Improve Safety, Minimize Waste and Facilitate

Success in Critical Workplace Environments

Formerly Exposure Control Technologies, Inc. (ECT, Inc.)

Copyright © 2020

Universities

Government

PharmaceuticalChemical

Biotechnology Industry

Safe, Efficient, Sustainable

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Copyright © 2020

The right flow in the right place at

the right time!™

Copyright © 2020

Learning Objectives • Understand how fume hoods and airflow controls operate to

protect people and how to test performance.

• Learn about available references and resources to help optimize performance.

• Understand how airborne hazards are generated and how airflow systems are used to protect people from exposure.

• Learn to evaluate design and operation of airflow systems.

• Learn to optimize airflow system performance to improve safety and reduce energy consumption.

• Learn how a lab ventilation management plan can be used to better maintain system performance.

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Copyright © 2020

There are Five Learning Modules

Performance of Fume Hoods and Airflow Systems1

Latest Guidelines and Standards 2

Airborne Hazards and Ventilation Effectiveness3

Testing Fume Hoods and Airflow Controls4

Implementing an Airflow Management Program5

Copyright © 2020

Module 2 - Don’t Reinvent the WheelStandards, Guidelines and References

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Module 2 - Topics for Discussion

• Brief Review

• Ventilation Standards and References

• OSHA 1910.1450 Lab Standard (Law)

• AIHA Z9.5 Lab Ventilation Standard

• Lab Ventilation Design Guides

• Fume Hood Test Methods

• Smart Labs Toolkit

Copyright © 2020

• Chemical Labs

• Biology Labs (BSL 2-4)

• Radiological Labs

• Nanotechnology Labs

• Teaching Labs

• Maker Spaces

• Clean Rooms

• Vivarium and Procedure Rooms

Different types of labs have different design and

operating requirements

Risk + Functional Requirements = Demand for Ventilation

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Copyright © 2020

Airflow Systems Include Many Components

DAQ

DAQ

AHU(s)

SPECAV1 EVAV2 EVAV4 EVAV5 EVAV6

SVAV1 SVAV2 SVAV3 SVAV4

LFH3

Total Flow

Total Flow

RM 204

SP

45

VFD%

Ex.

Fan(s)

45

VFD% OABD%

BAS

VFD%

45 ∆T

Boiler

Chiller & Cooling

Tower

ER Coil

ER Pumps ER Coil

DCV

Sensors

dP°T °T°T

SVAV2

EVAV3

RM 201 RM 202B RM 203RM 202A

DCV

LFH2LFH1

Gex Gex

OCC

Mechanical Systems

Airflow Control

Lab Environment and ECDSLabs and ECDs

Airflow Controls

System Components

Copyright © 2020

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0

SPEVAV1SVAV1

Total Flow

RM 201

SP

Ex.

Fan(s)

45

VFD% OABD%VFD%

45

AHU(s)

Total Flow

45

VFD%

EVAV2

10

0

EVAV3

dP

°T

Many factors can affect performance

Hood Design and Configuration Lab Design and Airflow Patterns

Airflow Control

Exhaust DischargeRe-entrainment and Air Quality

Work Practices

These factors can affect safety, energy

efficiency and sustainability

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Copyright © 2020

OSHA 29 CFR 1910.1450 Occupational Exposure

To Hazardous Chemicals in Laboratories

• Requires a Chemical Hygiene Plan

• Fume Hoods are the primary means of protecting people working with chemicals.

• Requires facilities to ensure proper functioning of fume hoods and ventilation systems

• Requires proper testing and maintenance of fume hoods and other protective equipment.

Copyright © 2020

Appropriate specifications are required for

safe and energy efficient labs

• Exposure Control Devices

– Construction

– Performance Criteria and Operating Specifications

• Monitors and VAV Controls– Type, Accuracy and Operating Modes

• Laboratory Design and Operation– Airflow Device Type and Location

– Temperature & Humidity Control

• Ventilation Design and Operation– Duct Velocity and Leak Integrity

– Recirculation & Energy Recovery

– Stack Discharge

• TAB, Commissioning and Routine Tests – Lab Hood Tests

– Lab Environment Tests

– System Operating Mode Tests

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Copyright © 2020

Ventilation Standards and References

• ANSI/AIHA/ASSE Z9 Ventilation Standards for Safety and Health

• ACGIH Industrial Ventilation Manual

• ASHRAE Standards and Guidelines

• SEFA Guidelines

• PWGSC MD15128, EN14175

• NEBB, NIH, EPA, others

• Z 9.1 - Open Surface Tanks

• Z 9.2 - Design and Operation of Local Exhaust Systems

• Z 9.3 - Spray Finishing Operations

• Z 9.4 - Abrasive Blasting Operations

• Z 9.5 - Laboratory Ventilation• Z 9.6 - Grinding, Buffing and Polishing

• Z 9.7 - Recirculation of Air from Industrial Exhaust Systems

• Z 9.8 - HVAC O&M• Z 9.9 - Portable Ventilation Systems

• Z 9.10 – Design of Dilution Ventilation Systems • Z 9.11 - Laboratory Decommissioning

• Z 9.12 - Combustible Dust

• Z 9.14 - BSL-3 Labs

Copyright © 2020

Companion standards and guidelines help establish

design specifications for safety and efficiency

ASHRAE –Classification of Lab Ventilation Design Levels

ASHRAE – Methods of Testing Performance of Fume Hoods

SEFA – Guidelines for Fume Hoods and Selection of ECDs

PWGSC –Ventilation Standards and Guidelines

ASHRAE – Lab Design Guide

❑ AIHA – LHSC – Risk Assessment for Airborne Hazards in Labs

AIHA – American National Standard for Lab Ventilation

In Progress

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Copyright © 2020

The Standard of Care is based on the 2012 ANSI/AIHA

Z9.5 Standard for Laboratory Ventilation

• Best Practices

• Specifications for New and Renovated Laboratories

• Requires:

– Hazard Evaluation and Risk Assessment

– Laboratory Ventilation Management Plan

– ASHRAE 110 Fume Hood Tests

Copyright © 2020

Poll 1 Does your facility have a lab ventilation

management plan?

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Copyright © 2020

ANSI/AIHA Z9.5-2012

American National

Standard for Laboratory

Ventilation

Lab Ventilation Management Plan

Fume Hoods & ECDS

Commissioning and Routine Tests

Maintenance and Routine Tests

Ventilation System Design

Copyright © 2020

Lab Ventilation Management Plan (LVMP)

• Required By ANSI Z9.5-2012

• Promote Safe Labs

• Operate Efficiently

• Manage Change

• Manage Risk

• Protect ROI

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Copyright © 2020

Laboratory Hood Test Methods

• ANSI/ASHRAE 110 - 2016

• PWGSC MD 15128

• EN 14175

• EPA

• NIH

• NEBB

• Others

Copyright © 2020

ANSI/ASHRAE 110 – 2016

Method of Testing Performance of

Laboratory Fume Hoods

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Copyright © 2020

Method to Test Fume Hood Performance

Determine Operating Conditions

• Hood and Lab Inspection

• Face Velocity Measurements

• Cross Draft Velocity Tests

• VAV Response and Stability

• Flow Visualization Smoke Tests

• Tracer Gas Containment Tests

Determine Performance (Containment )

Tracer Gas

Ejector

Mannequin

FaceVelocityProbe

Tracer Gas

Detector

Cross Draft Probe

Computer&

DAQ

ANSI/ASHRAE 110 “Method of Testing Performance of Laboratory Fume Hoods”

As Manufactured

• Factory Acceptance Test

• Fume Hood Design

• Performance Envelope

As Installed

• Following Installation

• Following Modifications

• Impact of Lab Environment

As Used

• Impact of Experimental Apparatus

• Based on risk and discretion of EH&S

Copyright © 2020

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

Laboratory Fume Hood Performance Requirements

Table of Contents

• Design Specifications

• Inspection and Test Procedures

• Performance Test Criteria

• Forms

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Copyright © 2020

Laboratory

Hood Test

Process

1. Inspect Fume Hood System

2. Lab Environment Tests

3. Equipment Setup

4. Cross Draft Velocity

5. Face Velocity

6. VAV Response Tests

7. Airflow Visualization

8. Tracer Gas Containment Tests

Copyright © 2020

Fume Hood Tests and Frequency

Laboratory Fume Hood Performance Test Procedures AM Tests AI/AU Tests Routine

Inspections

Hood inspection X X X

Laboratory inspection X X X

Exhaust system inspection X N/A N/A

Operating Conditions Tests

Lab Environment Tests: Lab dP, Room Temp, etc. X X X

Cross-draft velocity tests X X X

Face velocity test X X X

Hood monitor X (1) X X

Exhaust flow and hood static pressure X TAB N/A

Auxiliary air velocity tests X X X

Dynamic VAV response and stability tests X (1) X X

Containment Performance Tests

Airflow visualization tests (smoke) X X X

Tracer gas containment test (static mannequin) X X N/A

Sash movement effect test X X N/A

Hood Loading X N/A (1) N/A

Other Dynamic Challenges (Thermal, Walk-By Challenge, Room Pressurization, etc.)

X N/A (1) N/A

Notes: 1 – If applicable

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Copyright © 2020

SEFA 1 – 2010 Laboratory Fume Hoods

Table of Contents

• Laboratory Fume Hoods

• Family of Lab Safety Devices

• Fume Hood Components

• Fume Hood Types

• Fume Hood Tests

• Influence of Lab Environment

• Safe Work Practices

• Responsibilities for Performance

• Lab Ventilation Systems

• Other Ventilated Lab Safety Devices

Copyright © 2020

SEFA – Guide to Selection and

Management of ECDs in Labs

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Copyright © 2020

Exposure Control Devices (ECDs)

Type of ECDsFume Hoods

Biological Safety Cabinets

Ventilated Balance Enclosures

Snorkel – Spot Exhaust

Ventilated Enclosures

Ventilated Storage Cabinet

Ventilated Glovebox

Canopy Hood?

Copyright © 2020

Know the Operating Limits

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Types and Application of Exposure Control Devices

Hazard: ChemicalEffluent: Gas, Vapor, Mist, FumeQuantity: Small - LargeGeneration Rate: Low - HighProtection: Personal

Hazard: Biological, ChemicalEffluent: Particulate, Gas, VaporQuantity: SmallGeneration Rate: LowProtection: Personal, Product

Copyright © 2020

Ventilated Safety Enclosures

Other Devices

Glovebox / Isolators

Ventilated Balance Enclosure – Not Ducted

Ventilated Equipment Enclosure

Class III Glove Box – Positive Pressure

Ventilated Balance Enclosure – Ducted

Class III Glove Box – Negative Pressure

Necropsy Work Station

Ductless Fume Hoods

Spot Exhaust (Snorkel)

Ventilated Cylinder Cabinet

Pathology Stations

Canopy Hood

Hazard: Biological, ChemicalEffluent: ParticulateQuantity: SmallGeneration Rate: LowProtection: Personal

Hazard: Biological, ChemicalEffluent: Particulate, Gas, VaporQuantity: SmallGeneration Rate: LowProtection: Personal

Hazard: Biological, Chemical, RadioactiveEffluent: Particulate, Gas, VaporQuantity: SmallGeneration Rate: Very LowProtection: Product

Hazard: Biological, Chemical, RadioactiveEffluent: Particulate, Gas, VaporQuantity: Small Generation Rate: Very LowProtection: Personal, Product

Hazard: ChemicalEffluent: Particulate, Gas, VaporQuantity: Small Generation Rate: Very LowProtection: Personal

Hazard: Filter Specific ChemicalsEffluent: Particulate, Gas, VaporQuantity: Small Generation Rate: Very LowProtection: Personal

Hazard: NegligibleEffluent: Gas, VaporQuantity: Small to Large Generation Rate: Low to MediumProtection: Not Recommended

Types and Application of Exposure Control Devices

Hazard: Biological, ChemicalEffluent: ParticulateQuantity: SmallGeneration Rate: LowProtection: Personal

Hazard: NegligibleEffluent: Gas, VaporQuantity: Small to Large Generation Rate: Low to MediumProtection: Not Recommended

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Copyright © 2020

SEFA - Risk Matrix for ECDs

Copyright © 2020


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Copyright © 2020

European Standard EN 14175 –

DIN Fume Cupboards

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Copyright © 2020

PWGSC Standards – Lab Design, Fume Hoods

and Ventilation Optimization

Copyright © 2020

ASHRAE – Classification of Lab Ventilation

Design Levels

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Copyright © 2020

The design and operation of a

airflow control system defines

the potential level of protection

DAQ

DAQ

AHU(s)



LFH3

Total Flow

Total Flow

RM 204

SP

45

VFD%

Ex.

Fan(s)

45

VFD% OABD%

BAS

VFD%

45 ∆T

Boiler

Chiller & Cooling

Tower

ER Coil

ER Pumps ER Coil

S

DCV

Sensors

3

5

6

dP°T °T°T

SVAV2

EVAV3

RM 201 RM 202B RM 203RM 202A

DCV

S

LFH2LFH1

Gex Gex

1

2

OCC

4

11

10

12

14 13

15

8

9

182

3

7

9

168

17

No.Component /

Feature

1 Redundant N+1, exhaust fans

2 Energy Recovery System

3 Flow Monitors and System Sensors

4 Building Automation System (BAS)

5Contaminant Sensing Demand

Ventilation Control

6Air handling Unit supplying 100%

outside air to labs

7 Occupancy Sensors

8 Temperature Sensor

9 Air supply controls and diffusers

10 Demand Control Ventilation (DCV)

11Anteroom with Critical Room Pressure

Monitoring and Controls

12 Airborne Contaminant Filtration System

13 Exposure Control Devices

14 Variable Air Volume Fume Hood

15 VAV Exhaust Flow Controller

16 Constant Air Volume Fume Hood

17 CAV Exhaust Flow Controller

18 Exhaust Stack

Copyright © 2020

ASHRAE produced a guide to help classify labs

based on their level of protective capability

Airborne Hazard Risk

Negligible

Extreme

Protective Capability

Lab Ventilation

Design Level

LVDL-4

LVDL-3

LVDL-2

LVDL-1

LVDL-0

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Copyright © 2020

The Lab Ventilation Design Levels (LVDLs) describe

the physical attributes and operating parameters

that provide levels of protection

LVDL-0• Limited Isolation• No Exposure Control Devices• No Filtration or Redundancy• Low Airflow and Possible Recirculation

LVDL-4• Physical isolation and pressure control• Fume Hoods and Special ECDs• Filtration, Redundancy, Backup• Effective Ventilation and High Airflow

Copyright © 2020

LVDLs are intended to provide increasing levels of

protection to accommodate different levels of risk

LVDL General Characteristics Type of Lab or Application

LVDL-4

• Quantities of Hazardous Materials – Very Large • Potential for Airborne Generation - Very High• Hazard severity – Extreme• Construction and Operating Cost - Extreme

• Chemical Development and Synthesis• Special High Hazard Research Labs • Potent Compounds • Chemical Warfare Agents

LVDL-3

• Quantities of Hazardous Materials –Large • Potential for Airborne Generation - High• Hazard severity - High • Construction and Operating Cost – Very High

• Inorganic/Organic Synthesis Labs• Typical Research Labs

LVDL-2

• Quantities of Hazardous Materials – Moderate • Potential for Airborne Generation – Low• Hazard severity – Low to Moderate• Construction and Operating Cost - High

• Upper level undergraduate research labs• Biochemistry Labs• Academic Teaching Labs

LVDL-1

• Quantities of Hazardous Materials - Small • Potential for Airborne Generation – Negligible • Hazard severity - Low (Consumer Chemicals)• Construction and Operating Cost - Moderate

• Secondary school Teaching Labs• Shop Areas with hazardous chemicals • Quality Control Labs• Biology Labs with limited volatile materials

LVDL-0

• Quantities of Hazardous Materials - Negligible • Potential for Airborne Generation -Negligible • Control strategy – Dilution ventilation only• Construction and Operating Cost - Low

• Computer and Instrumentation laboratories• Temperature controlled rooms• Negligible Airborne Contaminants

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Copyright © 2020

°TdP

The demand for ventilation is a function of risk, use

of the lab and functional needs of the occupants

• Types of Activities, • Airborne Hazards and Processes• Occupancy and Utilization• Work Practices

Airborne Hazards

Copyright © 2020

Laboratory Scale Processes and Applications

Risk Spectrum

Negligible ExtremeLow HighModerate Very High

• Severity of Exposure • Exposure Control Levels • Quantity of Materials• Potential for Generation• Concentration Profile

Airborne Hazard Emission Scenario

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Copyright © 2020

The protective capability of the space is a function

of design attributes, configuration and operation

Isolation

dP dPDCV

Filtration

Protective Capability• Type of Exposure Control Devices• Quality and Quantity of Airflow• Sensors, Controls and Monitoring

Protection

Copyright © 2020

Is the protective capability of the system sufficient

to mitigate the risk of exposure ?

Risk

Negligible

Extreme

Low

Moderate

Very High


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Copyright © 2020

Is the protective capability of the system sufficient

to mitigate the risk of exposure ?

Negligible

Extreme

Low

Moderate

Very High

Protective CapabilityRisk

Safety Margin or

Opportunity

Copyright © 2020

Negligible

Extreme

Low

High

Moderate

Very High

Risk is mitigated by lab design attributes, operating

specifications and work practices

Protection:Exposure Control

Device

Protection:Lab Design and Operation (ACH)

Glove BoxIsolator

Fume Hood

BSC

Ventilated Enclosure

Canopy

Snorkel

10 ACH

8 ACH

6 ACH

2 ACH

4 ACH

12 ACH

Airborne HazardExposure

Risk Spectrum

Risk Level

N/A

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Copyright © 2020

The protective capability of the systems shall

exceed the demand for ventilation

Demand for Ventilation• Airborne Hazards (Risk)• Conditioning• Utilization

Protective Capability• Design• Configuration• Operation

≥

Filtration

Copyright © 2020

Increased Risk and Higher Design Levels incur

greater costs and more effort

Airborne Hazard Risk

Negligible

Extreme


Lab Ventilation

Design Level

LVDL-4

LVDL-3

LVDL-2

LVDL-1

LVDL-0

Cost $Stakeholder Effort - hrs

> $1000 ft2

< $200 ft2

Very High

Low

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Copyright © 2020

Smart Labs Provides Guidelines and Resources

Copyright © 2020

Organizations can improve safety, reduce risk and

provide workplaces that better facilitate success.

• Attract & retain top talent

• Ensure safety

• Minimize waste

• Improve sustainability

• Maximize resilience

• Accommodate change

• Mitigate risk

• Enhance return on investment

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Copyright © 2020

• Effective─ Support research and development

─ Flexible to change

• Safe― Protect people from exposure

― Compliance with standards

• Efficient ─ Minimum energy consumption

─ Minimum operating costs

• Sustainable─ Minimum carbon footprint

─ Maintainable

─ Demonstrable Return on Investment

Goal: High Performance Laboratories

UCI Smart Lab

Copyright © 2020

Resources are on the I2SL Website

Smart Labs Toolkit

http://smartlabs.i2sl.org/

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http://smartlabs.i2sl.org/

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Copyright © 2020

Poll 2

Is your facility engaged in renovating and

upgrading systems to reduce energy

consumption?

Copyright © 2020

Smart Labs™ provides a roadmap to success

IssuesGoals

Plan

Assess

Optimize

Manage

SafeEfficient

Sustainable

• Safety• Energy Efficiency• Lab Conditions• Operating Costs• Deferred Maintenance• Reliability

Smart Lab

Qualitative Scoping Study

Quantitative Performance

Audit

Construction/Renovation

Performance Management

Plan

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Copyright © 2020

A guide is available to help implement Smart Labs

I. Strategic Planning

II. Team and Responsibilities

III. Systems Theory

IV. Implementation

A. Phase 1A - Plan

B. Phase 1B - Assess

C. Phase 2 – Optimize

D. Phase 3 - Manage

V. Lifecycle Management Program

Copyright © 2020

Success requires a combination of efforts

• Design and Mechanical Attributes

− High performance fume hoods

− Variable Air Volume Systems

− High efficiency mechanical systems

− Building information and control systems

• Management and Leadership

− Occupant Information and Floor Plans

− Ventilation Safety Demand Assessment

− System Diagrams and Airflow Specifications

− Airflow Management Program (AMP)

− LVMP Manager / Coordinator Lab Ventilation Management Plan

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Copyright © 2020

Coordination of stakeholders is the key to achieving

sustainable, high performance, Smart Labs

Environmental Health & Safety

Management Engineering

Maintenance

Leadership, Coordination and Collaboration

Research

● Common Objectives ● Realistic Goals ● Teamwork

Space Planning

Purchasing

Copyright © 2020

Smart Labs™ Optimization Process

1•Planning and Assessment

2•Systems Optimization

3•Performance Management

Plan

Assess

Optimize

Sustain

A replicable and scalable process that combines services and products to

achieve safe, energy efficient and sustainable laboratories.

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Copyright © 2020

The phases and tasks are implemented sequentially

Construction/RenovationDesign / Assessment Performance ManagementContractsPlan

Management of

Change(MOC)

Contract

Construction

Renovation

& System

Upgrades

Project

Contracts TAB

&

CX

M&V

Benchmark

Performance Stakeholder

Review

Engineering

&

Specifications

LVMP

Maintenance

&

Monitoring

LVRA

Trigger

Points

Lab

Ventilation

Management

Plan

&

Training

Periodic

Smart Labs

Reports

Timeline

Lab

Ventilation

Risk

Assessment

(LVRA)

PIMs,

ECMs,

&

Energy

Model

Project

SOW &

Budget

Feasibility

Analysis

&

Funding

System

Operating

Tests

Lab &

Hood

Tests

Lab Safety

& Energy

Profile

(RELSA)

Funding

&

Contracts

Assess

HVAC &

Controls

Assess

Exhaust

and Air

Supply

Establish

Performance

& Operating

Specs

Phase 2Optimize

Phase 1A and 1BPlan and Assess

Phase 3Manage

Copyright © 2020

Maximum benefits are realized by strategic

implementation in one or more buildings

3-6 Months 3-18 Months 6-12 Months

1 - 3 years

6-10 years

1A - Plan

1B - Assess

1A 1B 2 3Multi-BuildingScoping Study

Lab Building 1 Demand Assessment

Building 1Optimization

Project

Smart Labs Lifecycle Management & Maintenance Program

Building 2Phase 2

Optimization Project

Building 3Phase 2


Building 4Phase 2


Building 5Phase 2


Smart Labs™

Phase 1 - Level II Assessment Project

Smart Labs™


Smart Labs™


Smart Labs™







Project


Project


Project


Project

Prioritize and Select Building

2 - Optimize

3 - Manage

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Copyright © 2020

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency - RTP

• Flagship Research Facility – 6 Buildings, Occupied 2003

• 1,042,600 gross square feet (GSF)

• 2003 Energy Consumption ≈ 565,100 BTU / GSF / Year

• Approximate Energy Cost ≈ $6,780,000 / year

Bldg. A – Lab

Bldg. B - Lab

Bldg. C - Admin

Bldg. D - Lab

Bldg. E - Lab

High Bay Lab

Goal: Safe Labs with >30% Sustainable Energy Reduction

Copyright © 2020

A coordinated series of efforts were implemented to

upgrade and renovate the systems

• Improved accuracy and precision of VAV controls

• Upgraded fume hoods to reduce exhaust flow

• Optimized airflow control terminals

• Installed energy recovery units

• Cleaned and upgraded AHUs

• Reduced system static pressures

• Improved system sensitivity

• Implemented a Lab Ventilation Management Program

VAV Terminal

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Copyright © 2020

The airflow control systems were optimized to

meet the demand for ventilation

Copyright © 2020

Environmental Protection Agency - RTP - Success

• Optimized Lab and Office Buildings on Main RTP Campus

• Strategic execution with coordinated efforts and budgets

Bldg. A – Lab

Bldg. B - Lab

Bldg. C - Admin

Bldg. D - Lab

Bldg. E - Lab

High Bay Lab

Demand Based Optimization (i.e. Smart Labs™)

• Energy Reduction ≈ 48%

• Estimated Cost Reduction ≈ $3,236,000 per year

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Copyright © 2020

Roadmap to High Performance Labs

Building Design & Operating Documents

LVRA Phase 1B

Assessment

Phase 2Optimization

Phase 3Management

Airflow & Operating

Specifications

Systems Operation Tests

Energy & Operating Cost

Analysis

Engineering & Specifications

Implement Performance Improvement

Measures

Implement Performance

Management Plan

Maintenance & Functional Tests

BAS Performance Monitoring

Change Management

LVMP Team Coordination

Lab Building Inventory

Phase 1APlan

Lab Condition Status

Lab Building Condition Profile

Project Optimization

Priority For

Phase 1B

PerformanceStatus

Reports

Lab Safety Surveys

BenchmarkOperation

TAB and Commission (CX)

Building Performance

Management Plan (PMP)

for Phase 3


Copyright © 2020

Tasks included in the Qualitative Scoping Study1A-A 1A-B 1A-C 1A-D Deliverable



Phase 1A Plan




Priority For

Phase 1BEnergy & Cost Metrics

Key Performance

Indicators

Number & Type of Labs and

Support Spaces

Fume Hood and ECD Inventory


• 1A-A Assemble Team of Stakeholders for LVMP

• 1A-B Inventory and Survey Lab Buildings

• 1A-C Assess Condition of Labs and Determine Key Performance Indicators

• 1A-D Appraise and Profile Lab Buildings

• Deliverable: Select lab buildings and prioritize projects

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Copyright © 2020

Smart Labs Toolkit – Resources Organized by Phase

Phase 1B – Building AssessmentQuantitative Performance Audit

Phase 2 – OptimizationPerformance Upgrade Project

Phase 3 – Performance Management Phase 1A – Plan


PIMs & ProjectScope of Work

Lab Ventilation Management Plan (LVMP)

Building Operators Manual

Phase

Tasks

Deliverable

Result

Building(s) Profile & Project Priority

Tools&

Links

Smart Labs Site Strategic Plan

Building(s) Status Assessment

P1A-1

Building Airflow Assessment

LVRASystems

Evaluation

Smart Labs Building Optimization Project

Building Project Management

EngineeringEquipment Upgrades

TAB & Cx

Smart Labs High Performance

Lab

Building Performance Management Plan

Test & Maintenance

TrainingBAS

Monitoring

Safe, Energy Efficient Smart Labs

Organization & Building Info

Collection

LVRA Files

Airflow Spreadsheet

Performance Improvement

Measures (PIM) Worksheet

Standards & Equipment

Specifications

M&V Benchmark

CX Test SOPs

BAS Graphics &

Trends

Roles & Task Schedules

Test and Maintenance

SOPs

Management of Change

Plan

BAS Data

Analytics

Bldg Docs

P1A-2

P1B-1 P1B-2

P1B-3

P1B-4

Building Profile & Project

Opportunities

P1B-5 P1B-6

P1B-7

P1B-8

P2-1

P2-2

P2-3

P2-4

P2-5 P3-1 P3-2 P3-3 P3-4

P3-5

P1A-3

P1A-1 - LVMP Phase 1 Building Information Spreadsheet.xlsx

P1A-3 - Smart Labs LVMP Implementation Tracking Sheet.xlsx

Copyright © 2020

Smart Labs Toolkit – Building Information

LVMP - Phase 1A - Assessment - Qualitative Scoping Data - Part 2

Building Name Building Use Year Built

Approx.

Gross Area

(GA)

(ft2)

Approx.

Number of

Occupants

Electric

(kWh)Gas (MCF)

Steam/MTHW

(MMBtu)

CHW

(MMBtu)

Water

(hgals)

Annual

Utility

Use

($)

kWh/ SF

Utility

$ /

GA (ft2)

Total Energy

Use

(MMBTU)(1)

kBTU /

GA (ft2)

Utilities

% HVAC

Utility

HVAC

$ /

GA (ft2)

HVAC

Cost

$ /

cfm

Lab Space

(ft2)

% Lab

Area

No. Chem

or Rad

Labs

No. BSL1

& BSL2

No. of

Combo

Chem/Bio

Labs

No.

BSL3 (+)

No.

Vivarium

(#rooms)

No.

Cleanrooms

(#rooms)

No.

Teaching

Labs

Building Information FY Utilities Performance Metrics Lab InformationBuilding

Profile

(A, B, C, D)

Building Info

Energy Metrics

Lab Profile Info

P1A-1 - LVMP Phase 1 Building Information Spreadsheet

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• Facility and Building Qualifying Tool

– Select & Prioritize Best Projects First

• Key Performance Indicators

– Size & Space Allocation

– Energy Use & Operating Costs

– State of the Systems

– Energy Reduction Potential

• Building Profile Report– Classification and Categorization

– Potential for Energy Reduction

– Estimated Level of Effort, Project Costs & Potential Payback

Profile and Prioritize the best opportunities

Attribute Lab Building Profile Category

• Health and State of the Systems

• Energy Reduction Potential

• Project LOE & Complexity

• Return on Investment (Payback)

Class A

Class B

Class C

Class D

Copyright © 2020

A series of building attributes can be used to characterize and profile a lab building

Profile

Class A Class B Class C Class D

Energy Reduction Potential Good Good Fair to Good N/A to Good

State of the Systems Good Fair - Good Poor - Fair Poor

Safety and Health Issues Low Low - Medium Medium - High High

Complexity of Upgrade Project Low Medium High Very High

Duration of Upgrade Project Short Medium Long Very Long

Project Payback < 3 yrs 3 - 5 yrs 5 - 10 yrs > 10 yrs

Est. % of Lab Population 10% 35% 50% 5%

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The Building Profile can be used to estimate the

Scope of Work, Cost and Payback

Building Size - ft2 Utility Cost per ft2 Energy Reduction - %

100,000 7 30%

Class

AEst. Project

Cost

Class

BEst. Project

Cost

Class

CEst. Project

Cost

Class

DEst. Project

Cost

Good Fair - Good Fair Poor

Good Good Fair to Good Difficult

Good Fair - Good Poor - Fair Poor

Low Medium High Very High

Short Medium Long Very Long

Safety and Occupant Support

Estimated Project Payback Period (yrs)

Ease of Energy Reduction

Project Complexity

Project Duration

630,000$

3

1,050,000$

5

Building Profiles and Project Cost

Profile

State of the Building Systems 2,100,000$

10

4,200,000$

20

Profile

Attribute

Copyright © 2020



LVRA Phase 1B

Assessment

Phase 2Optimization

Phase 3Management

Airflow & Operating

Specifications



Analysis



Measures


Management Plan



Change Management



Phase 1APlan




Priority For

Phase 1B

PerformanceStatus

Reports

Lab Safety Surveys

BenchmarkOperation




for Phase 3

Quantitative Performance Audit

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Tasks included in Quantitative Assessment


LVRA

Lab Floor Plan

System Line Diagrams

Systems Description

Phase 1B Assessment

Control Set Points and Sequences

Airflow & Operating

SpecificationsSystem BAS

Trends

System Operating Tests

Lab EnvironmentTests


Fume Hood & ECD Tests

Hazard Inventory & Waste Records

Fume HoodRisk Matrix


Analysis

Performance Improvement

Measures

Exhaust Stack Assessment

Scope of WorkFor Phase 2

Lab Environment Risk Matrix

System Risk Matrix

Fume Hood & ECD Flow

Lab Flow & Air Change Rates

Exhaust Flow & Stack Discharge

Air Supply Flow

1B-A 1B-B 1B-C 1B-D 1B-E

1B-F

Deliverable

Quantitative Assessment• 1B-A Assemble building design and operating documents• 1B-B Conduct Lab Ventilation Risk Assessment• 1B-C Conduct System Operating Tests to evaluate current operation• 1B-D Develop airflow specifications for each system• 1B-E Energy Model and Analysis• 1B-F Determine Performance Improvement Measures• Deliverable: Scope of Work for Phase 2 Optimization

Copyright © 2020

Stakeholder efforts are coordinated to efficiently

execute tasks with predictable results

Ve

nd

ors

&

Co

ntra

cto

rs

EH

&S

En

gin

ee

rin

g

Co

ntra

cto

r

Fa

cilitie

s

Ma

na

ge

me

nt

Co

ns

ult

an

t

(3

Flo

w)

Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Week 5 Week 6 Week 7 Week 8 Week 9 Week 10 Week 11 Week 12

Team Orientation and

Project Plan Meetings

Compile

Building

Information

Conduct Lab

and Building

Systems

Surveys

LVRA

Conduct Functional System

Tests

Lab

VEFF

Tests

Develop Demand Flow Spreadsheet

Document

Deliverables

Provide Access

And Support

Support Functional Tests

BAS Access

Maintenance

Build Energy Model Phase 1 Report

Report

Review and

Comment

Report

Review and

Comment

• Review and Approve Report

• Review and Approve PIMs and ECMS

• Authorize SOW Development

Develop and

Propose

SOW

LVMP, LVRA, VEFF

Coordination And Assistance

TAB to Assist with Functional

Tests

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

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The building systems are evaluated to determine

potential measures to optimize performance

DAQ

DAQ

AHU(s)



LFH3

Total Flow

Total Flow

RM 204

SP

45

VFD%

Ex.

Fan(s)

45

VFD% OABD%

BAS

VFD%

45 ∆T

Boiler

Chiller & Cooling

Tower

ER Coil

ER Pumps ER Coil

DCV

Sensors

dP°T °T°T

SVAV2

EVAV3

RM 201 RM 202B RM 203RM 202A

DCV

LFH2LFH1

Gex Gex

OCC

Mechanical Systems

Airflow Control

Lab Environment and ECDS

Copyright © 2020

The Right Flow in the Right Place at the Right Time

• Smart Labs employs a Lab Ventilation Risk Assessment

• Determine appropriate airflow specifications for each space

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Knowing key performance indicators and operating

metrics are critical to optimizing performance

Supply

Energy

Average

Min

Max

Exhaust

$/ft2 cfm/ft2 $/cfm

Maximum savings are achieved by

optimizing airflow and system efficiency

Energy Airflow Efficiency

Demand Operation Energy

BTU/ft2

Copyright © 2020

There are many Performance Improvement Measures

(PIMs) to consider and bundle for maximum benefitSystem Renovations and ModificationsRemove/Hibernate Hood/Canopy/Snorkel

Install VAV for Fume Hoods

Modify Canopy/Snorkels - VAV Implementation

Retrofit Fume Hoods

Upgrade Air Supply Diffusers to Reduce ACH

Install Demand Control Ventilation (occupancy sensors, chemical sensors, etc.

Install VFD on Supply/Exhaust Fans

Install Energy Recovery

Manifold Fume Hood Exhaust/Consolidate Exhaust Fans

Modify Operating SpecificationsReduce Airflow (Fume Hoods, Room ACH, etc.)

Reduce System Static Pressure

Optimize exhaust discharge velocity (wind direction, etc.)

Optimize Temperature Set Points

Improve Operating EfficiencyTAB and Recommission

Repair and Recommission Terminal Boxes

Ensure Proper Operation of Energy Recovery Systems

Minimize simultaneous heating and cooling

Optimize Fan Operation

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Remove Unnecessary Hoods

Vented Cabinets

•Misapplied

• Limited to No Protection

• Large Energy Waster

12 Vented Book Cases in one lab building @ 200 cfm each = $12,000 per year

Copyright © 2020

Operating Cost $9000 per year

Remove and Hibernate Unnecessary Hoods

Canopy hoods

• Heat Removal Only

• Limited to No Protection

• Very High Airflow Rates

• Large Energy Waster

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Optimizing Performance

Copyright © 2020



LVRA Phase 1B

Assessment

Phase 2Optimization

Phase 3Management

Airflow & Operating

Specifications



Analysis



Measures


Management Plan



Change Management



Phase 1APlan




Priority For

Phase 1B

PerformanceStatus

Reports

Lab Safety Surveys

BenchmarkOperation




for Phase 3

Construction/Renovation/Upgrade Project

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Phase 2 – Systems Optimization

2-A2-B

2-C 2-D

Deliverable

Phase 2Optimization



Measures

BenchmarkOperation


Mechanical Components

Systems

Lab Environments

Fume Hoods & ECDs

BAS, Controls & Sensors



for Phase 3

Upgrade Fume Hoods

Upgrade Airflow Sensors & Controls

Optimize Exhaust Fan Discharge

Optimize Lab ACH & Ventilation Effectiveness

Optimization

• 2-A Systems Engineering and Project Specifications

• 2-B Implement Selected Performance Improvement Measures

• 2-C TAB and Commission Systems, Labs and ECDs

• 2-D Benchmark Operation

• Building Management Plan

Copyright © 2020

Phase 2 is a series of tasks to optimize the systems

Phase 2 - Optimize

Construction/RenovationProject Execution Plan

Implement Measures

IssueContracts TAB

M&VBenchmark

Metrics

Engineering &

Specifications

BuildingManagement

Plan

CostFeasibility Analysis

Project SOW

&Budget

FundingPlan

Commission

Training

Project Management

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SPEVAV1

SVAV1

Total Flow

RM 201

SP

Ex.

Fan(s)

45

VFD% OABD%VFD%

45

AHU(s)

Total Flow

45

VFD%

EVAV2EVAV3

dP

°T

OCCDCV

10

0

New technologies can be deployed to improve

safety and reduce energy consumption

Greater than 40% flow and energy

reduction

HP Fume Hood Retrofit

Demand Control Ventilation

Optimized Fan & Stack

Discharge

High VEFF Diffusers

VAV Controls

Copyright © 2020

Energy can be reduced, but can it be

maintained?

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Managing Performance

Copyright © 2020



LVRA Phase 1B

Assessment

Phase 2Optimization

Phase 3Management

Airflow & Operating

Specifications



Analysis



Measures


Management Plan



Change Management



Phase 1APlan




Priority For

Phase 1B

PerformanceStatus

Reports

Lab Safety Surveys

BenchmarkOperation




for Phase 3

Lab Ventilation Management Program

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Integrated Airflow Management Program

• Accurate Drawings / Diagrams

• Equipment Inventories and Information

• Lab Ventilation Risk Matrix

• Appropriate Flow Specifications

• Control Sequences and Parameters

• Key Performance Indicators and Metrics

- Operational Boundary Conditions

• Standard Operating Procedures

- Tests & Maintenance

- Schedules and Management of Change

• Training for Stakeholders and Staff

Copyright © 2020

The LVMP results from implementing Smart Labs

FacilitiesUtilities/Energy/Sustainability

Engineering, Design, ConstructionOperations and Maintenance

EH&SIndustrial Hygiene

Lab SafetyBiosafety

Rad Safety

Stakeholder Roles

Building Status &

Strategic Plan

RiskAnalysis

EH&SSpecifications

Engineering Systems

SpecificationsTesting and

CommissioningProcedures

System Management

and Maintenance Management

of Change Procedures

Stakeholder Training

Lab Ventilation Management

Plan(LVMP)

Ventilation Risk

Assessment

Systems Assessment

Design and Upgrade Systems

VerifySafety

Performance

Monitor Operation

Maintain Safety

Performance

Maintain Energy

Performance

Optimize

Construction/Renovation(Each Building)

Manage Safe, Efficient and Effective

(Optimized Buildings)

AssessPerformance Audit

(Each Building)

Plan Scoping Study

(Multiple Buildings)

Building Information

Site Strategic Plan

OptimizationPlan

Scope of Work

Airflow Management

Plan

ManageChange

Implementation Phases and Tasks

Stak

ehol

ders

Developed through implementation

Safe and Efficient

Operation

BenchmarkPerformance

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Smart Labs – Proven Results

• Safer Labs

• Dependable Systems

• Meet the needs of Occupants

• Compliance with Standards

• Significant Energy Reduction

> 500 Billion BTUs

• Cost Savings

> $10 Million every Year

Typical Payback 1 - 5 years

Copyright © 2020

Smart Labs: proven record of success

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Smart Labs are Sustainable

New Discovery

Attract Talent

Experiment

Investment

Reap the Benefits

Improve Lives

Better our WorldWin The Prize

Repeat

Promote Innovation

Copyright © 2020

SMART LABS VIDEO

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Learning Modules

Two down, Three to go

Performance of Fume Hoods and Airflow Systems1

Latest Guidelines and Standards 2

Airborne Hazards and Ventilation Effectiveness3

Testing Fume Hoods and Airflow Controls4

Implementing an Airflow Management Program5

Copyright © 2020

Questions

Thank You!

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