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© American Architectural© American Architectural Manufacturers Association 2010

Comparison of the AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/I.S.2/A440 -08 lab test (referred to as NAFS-08) to the AAMA 502 quality ) q yassurance field test and the AAMA 511 forensic evaluation

Determination of appropriate water test pressures, test durations and water applications via NAFS-08, AAMA 502-08,

d503-08 and 511-08

How to specify project-specific quality p y p j p q yassurance field testing

The proper use of AAMA 511 for forensicThe proper use of AAMA 511 for forensic evaluations

“NAFS-08” Lab Testing –Performed on prototype specimen to validatePerformed on prototype specimen to validate product performance ratings

“502” Quality Assurance Field Testing –502 Quality Assurance Field Testing Performed on “newly” installed products to verify installed performance of the product and the installationn

“511” Forensic Testing –Performed on wall assemblies with known water

l bl lctio

n

control problems as a means to accurately identify suspect wall construction components and details od

ucIn

tro

iew

ve

rvFS

Ov

NAF

Utilizes ASTM E 547 and/or E 331 for test methodology

fTest is performed under controlled environmental conditions Test sample is installed strictly per theTest sample is installed strictly per the manufacturer’s instructions in a preciseie

w

instructions in a precisetest buck opening

verv

FS O

vN

AF

Conversion as per NAFS-08f15% for R, LC, CW

20% for AWWater Resistance Test Pressure is capped at 12.00 psf for the U.S. and 15.00 psf for Canada

Gateway RequirementsP f Mi i Mi i Mi iie

w

PerformanceClass

Minimum DesignPressure, Pa (psf)

MinimumStructural test pressure, Pa (psf)

MinimumWater ResistanceTest Pressure, ve

rv

(p ) (p ) ,Pa (psf)

R 15.0 22.5 2.90LC 25.0 37.5 3.75FS

Ov

LC 25.0 37.5 3.75CW 30.0 45.0 4.50AW 40.0 60.0 8.00N

AF

6.00 PSF (~50 mph)

Equivalent hydrostaticEquivalent hydrostatic water head

1.16””

NAFS Overview

7.50 PSF (~55 mph)

Equivalent hydrostaticEquivalent hydrostatic water head

1.44””

NAFS Overview

AAMA 502-0850

2M

A 5

AAM

AAMA 502-90 Original publication by AAMAOriginal publication by AAMA

AAMA 502-02 Added reference to AAMA accredited laboratory and first introduced the 1/3 WTP reduction for water resistance testing of installed products

AAMA 502-08 Defined “newly” installed as prior to issuance of the50

2

Defined newly installed as prior to issuance of the occupancy permit not to exceed 6 months after installation of the fenestration product.

MA

5AA

M

ASTM E 783◦ Field Measurement of Air Leakage through

Installed Exterior Windows and DoorsInstalled Exterior Windows and Doors

ASTM E 1105ASTM E 1105◦ Field Determination of Water Penetration of

Installed Exterior Windows, Curtain Walls and D b U if C li S i Ai P50

2

Doors by Uniform or Cyclic Static Air Pressure Difference

MA

5AA

M

Requires testing agency to report and make adjustments for ambient conditions. In some cases, temporaryfor ambient conditions. In some cases, temporary enclosures are required to reduce adverse effects of wind and temperature at the project site.

502

MA

5AA

M

The default air leakage for quality assurance field testing is 1.5 times the applicable l b d d f h d dlaboratory standard for the product type and performance class

502

MA

5AA

M

TO OUTSIDE BAROMETRIC PRESSURE

ALTERNATE TEST CHAMBER

PRESSURE MEASURINGDEVICE

CHAMBER

TEST CHAMBER

EXHAUST

INNERMOST PLANEFOR WATER PENETRATION(REFERENCE PARAGRAPH 4 3 4)

VALVE

AIR SYSTEM

502

CALIBRATED WATERSPRAY RACK

PRESSURE GAUGE VALVE

W

(REFERENCE PARAGRAPH 4.3.4)

MA

5

THE CHAMBER SHALL NOT BE PERMITTED TO MAKE ANY CONTACT WITH THE FENESTRATION PRODUCTAA

M

Requires testing agency to report and make adjustments for ambient jconditionsTest is performed on the entire f i d ifenestration product opening

502

MA

5AA

M

The test pressure shall not be less than 91 Pa (1 9 psf)91 Pa (1.9 psf)

Tests shall be conducted at a static testTests shall be conducted at a static test pressure equal to 2/3 of the tested and rated laboratory performance per AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/I.S. 2/A440

502

MA

5AA

M

1. Newly installed fenestration product(s) shall be field tested in accordance with AAMA 502, "Voluntary Specification for Field Testing of Newly InstalledSpecification for Field Testing of Newly Installed Fenestration Products."

2. Test three (unless otherwise specified) of the fenestration product specimens after the products have beenproduct specimens after the products have been completely installed for air leakage resistance and water penetration resistance as specified.

3 Air leakage resistance tests shall be conducted at a3. Air leakage resistance tests shall be conducted at a uniform static test pressure of ___ Pa (___ psf). The maximum allowable rate of air leakage shall not exceed L/s•m2 ( cfm/ft2)50

2

L/s•m2 (___ cfm/ft2) 4. Water penetration resistance tests shall be conducted at a

static test pressure of ___Pa (____ psf). No water penetration shall occur as defined in Section 4.3.4 ofM

A 5

penetration shall occur as defined in Section 4.3.4 of AAMA 502

AAM

1/3 reduction to the laboratory rating of the WTP is the defaultthe WTP is the default

Sill Dam test is removed from 502 and moved to the 511 document

502

MA

5AA

M

Method “A” ◦ Product only testing has been eliminated from

the 502-08 and moved to AAMA 511.

If the source of the water cannot be determined, a forensic evaluation using th d tli d i AAMA 511 h llthe procedures outlined in AAMA 511 shall be performed

502

MA

5AA

M

AAMA 503-0850

3M

A 5

AAM

AAMA 503 was originally published in 1992AAMA 503 is a similar document to AAMA 502 for Storefronts, Curtain Walls & Sloped Glazing SystemsGlazing Systems.Updated in 2003 & 2008 AAMA 503-08 – Defined “newly” installedAAMA 503-08 – Defined newly installed as prior to issuance of the occupancy permit not to exceed 6 months after 50

3

pissuance of the occupancy permit.

MA

5AA

M

503

MA

5AA

M

StorefrontsCurtain Wall Sloped Glazing

AAMA 503

Curtain Wall Chamber ArrangementCurtain Wall Chamber Arrangement50

3M

A 5

AAM

StorefrontsCurtain Wall Sloped Glazing

AAMA 503

Sloped Glazing Systems Chamber Sloped Glazing Systems Chamber ArrangementArrangementArrangementArrangement

503

MA

5AA

M

StorefrontsCurtain Wall Sloped Glazing

AAMA 503

nga

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ASTM References in AAMA 511

ASTM E 2128, Standard Guide for Evaluating Water Leakage of Building Wallsn g g g

This guide describes methods for determining and evaluating water leakage of exterior walls A wall is ga

tio

evaluating water leakage of exterior walls. A wall is considered a system including its exterior and interior finishes, fenestration, and structural components. es

tig

components.

c In

veen

sic

Fore

Involves more than just testingThe purpose of diagnostic testing is to

t t l k th t k tn recreate water leaks that are known to occurAAMA 511 testing either follows up onga

tio

AAMA 511 testing either follows up on AAMA 502 and 503 testing or is used in a water intrusion es

tig

investigation

c In

veen

sic

Fore

“…The ultimate goal of 511 diagnostic n

testing is to recreate existing leakage behavior that occurs under in-service conditions ”ga

tio

conditions.

estig

c In

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Fore

Four Preliminary Steps prior to testing n

◦ Review of project documents◦ Evaluation of design concept◦ Determination of service historyga

tio

◦ Inspection

Three Steps During and After Testingestig

Three Steps During and After Testing◦ Investigative Testing◦ Analysisc

Inve

◦ Report

ensi

cFo

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Step #1: Review Project Documentsn

• Architectural drawings• Structural drawings• Shop drawingsga

tio

p g• Installation instructions• Contracts• Purchase orderses

tig

• Purchase orders• Specifications• Warrantiesc In

veen

sic

Fore

Step # 2: Evaluation of Design Conceptn

• Water management concept• Critical details• Test reportsga

tio

p• Flashing• Sealants• Weep Holeses

tig

• Weep Holes

c In

veen

sic

Fore

Step # 3: Determination of Service History• Review maintenance recordsn Review maintenance records• Interview knowledgeable personnel• Research leak history

gatio

estig

c In

veen

sic

Fore

Step #4: Inspection• Interior observations

E t i b tin • Exterior observations• Observe workmanship• Observe product ga

tio

deficiency • Develop a

hypothesis for the estig

source of the water intrusion

c In

veen

sic

Fore

nga

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tigc

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Determination is based on:n

◦ Field Standards◦ Laboratory Standards◦ Prior Testingga

tio

g◦ Weather Data◦ Experiencees

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Inve

ensi

cFo

re

◦ Simulate the weather events◦ Obtain wind speedn ◦ Obtain wind speed◦ If calculated wind speed is greater then 2/3 of

the rated WTP for the product it may be that the product was not the most appropriate for thega

tio

product was not the most appropriate for the project.

◦ At least one pressure difference test must es

tig

be done at the 2/3pressure

c In

veen

sic

Fore

ASCE – 7 accounts for:En

◦ Exposure◦ Height above grade◦ Basic wind speed ga

tio

p(or weather data)◦ Location of

specimenestig

specimen within façade

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Fore

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• The objective of testing is to identify the leak pathsn paths

gatio

estig

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veen

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Fore

Consistent leaks more than one yearH i t l k t i d i S t b 2005e

1

Heaviest leakage twice during September 2005Class IIBuilding height is 33 ft., window (z) is 27 ft. abovem

ple

Building height is 33 ft., window (z) is 27 ft. above groundWindow is 4’ high x 4’ wide, wind area (A) of 16 ft2Ex

am

AAMA rating C35

11-

MA

5AA

M

AAMA 511 Example #1

Estimating the Test PressureEstimating the Test Pressure

ASCE/SEI 7‐05 analysis is used with the e 1

following information:◦ Location of building (Newark, NJ) B ildi d i ti (Cl II)m

ple

◦ Building usage designation (Class II)◦ Exposure level (Exposure B) ◦ Building design (enclosed structure with a flat roof )Ex

am

u d g des g (e c osed st uctu e t a at oo )◦ Building height (33 ft.)◦ Window area (16 square ft.)11

-

From these features, the water resistance test pressure is, theoretically, 2.4 psf.

MA

5AA

M

Local weather data is analyzed by daily e 1

readings for September of 2005, allowing the investigator to observe the weather condition, 

t f i it ti d i i dmpl

e

amount of precipitation and maximum wind speed for each dayEx

am11

-M

A 5

AAM

AAMA 511 Example #1

The maximum 5‐second gust wind speeds are e 1

recorded for every day in September in which measurable rainfall occurredm

ple

Date Rain Fall (in) Max Wind Speed Exam

Date Rain Fall (in) (mph) 5-Sec. Gust4-Sep-05 0.12 16

12-Sep-05 0.33 1121 S 05 0 67 5211

-

21-Sep-05 0.67 52

MA

5AA

M

Only two leak events are reported during e 1

September 2005

mpl

e

Average wind determined to be 34 mph

Exam

Date Rain Fall (in) Max Wind Speed (mph) 5-Sec. Gust

4 Sep 05 0 12 1611-

4-Sep-05 0.12 1612-Sep-05 0.33 1121-Sep-05 0.67 52

MA

5AA

M

Result = 2.1 psf which is the differential pressure used to evaluate the window opening in questione

1

Weather data analysis is used to determine field water penetration resistance pressure Table 3 of AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/I S 2/A440 05 showsm

ple

Table 3 of AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/I.S. 2/A440‐05 shows tested water penetration resistance pressureThe result of the weather data analysis (2.2 psf ) is the Ex

am

y ( p )differential pressure used to evaluate the window opening in question11

-M

A 5

AAM

Leak Reported during storm on September 21, 2005

le 2

Class II, Exposure CBuilding height is 60 ft., window (z) is 55 ft above groundm

ple

ft. above groundWindow is 2’ high x 2’ wide, wind area (A) of 4 ft2Ex

am

AAMA rating C35

11-

MA

5AA

M

Estimating the Test PressureEstimating the Test Pressure

ASCE/SEI 7‐05 analysis is used with the following i f ie

2

information:◦ Location of building (Chicago, Il) ◦ Building usage designation (Class II)m

ple

◦ Exposure level (Exposure C) ◦ Building design (enclosed structure with a flat roof )◦ Building height (60 ft.)Ex

am

◦ Window area (4 square ft.)

From these features, the water resistance test pressure is, theoretically, 3.2 psf.11

-

theoretically, 3.2 psf.

MA

5AA

M

Referring to tabulated local weather data e 2

above, the investigator can determine and record the maximum 5‐second gust speeds on the date of the reported leakm

ple

the date of the reported leak

Exam

Date Rain Fall (in)Max Wind Speed

(mph) 5 Sec11-

Date Rain Fall (in) (mph) 5-Sec. Gust

21-Sep-05 0.67 52

MA

5AA

M

52 mph can now be used in Eq.‐ 6‐15 from SEI/ASCE 7‐05 bli h i d f 7 9 fe

2

to establish a wind pressure of 7.9 psfSince specimen height is above 60 feet above grade, this wind pressure is inserted into Eq.‐ 6‐23 to calculate m

ple

p qmaximum test pressureResult = 8.4 psf, which is greater than the laboratory 

t t ti i t t t f 5 25 f

Exam

water penetration resistance test pressure of 5.25 psf as prescribed for a C 35 product rating. Since calculated differential air test pressure exceeds the 11

-

prated performance value for the  product, investigator shall first perform at least 1 test at 2/3 of the product performance rating prior to testing at calculatedM

A 5

performance rating prior to testing at calculated pressure.

AAM

Interior Weep Holes W t h ll ll h i t l f t d t b t

Test Water Head

Interior Weep Holes Water shall cover all horizontal surfaces expected to be wet

Test Water Head measured from bottom of exterior wrap

Tape applied over Exterior te oWeep

AAMA 511 Example #2

Need to determine:◦ How to apply water◦ How long to run test◦ Whether or not to include differentialea

k

◦ Whether or not to include differential pressure

How much air pressureH hhe

Le

How to step or phase pressure

ng t

reat

iRe

cr

eak

he L

eng

tre

ati

Recr

eak

he L

eng

tre

ati

Recr

How long would you test these substrates?

eak

he L

eng

tre

ati

Recr

Which application best fulfills the objective?

eak

he L

eng

tre

ati

Recr

eak

he L

eng

tre

ati

Recr

eak

he L

eng

tre

ati

Recr

How does differential pressure affect the test specimen?p

eak

he L

eng

tre

ati

Recr

Start with zero differential pressure then step up to higher pressuresstep up to higher pressures

eak

he L

eng

tre

ati

Recr

eak

he L

eng

tre

ati

Recr

eak

he L

eng

tre

ati

Recr

Start testing at lower elevations and work higherhigherIntroduce one new element at a time into each new water testUse isolation to protect features from waterea

k

Use isolation to protect features from water sprayDo not turn the water off at the first moment a leak appearshe

Le

moment a leak appearsTry to trace the leak from the exterior to the interior and use destructive wall probes as required to identify this leak pathng

t

required to identify this leak pathDo not end non-leaking tests until you are confident the specimen is not contributing to leakagere

ati

to leakage

Recr

No or limited leak historyk d d l k h l kLeak reported as window leak when leak

is actually from another sourceNot enough water pressureea

k

Not enough water pressureNot able to achieve differential pressureOwner does not want to remove interior he

Le

finishesNo or limited access to concealed wall areasng

t

areasInclement weatherIsolation failuresre

ati

Recr

ceou

rche

Sng

tnt

ifyi

Iden

ceou

rche

Sng

tnt

ifyi

Iden

ceou

rche

Sng

tnt

ifyi

Iden

ceou

rche

Sng

tnt

ifyi

Iden

Identifying the Source

The forensic investigator has the responsibility to make every attempt to ascertain the exact ng y ppath of water intrusion

Conclusions are formed in this step on theport

i

Conclusions are formed in this step on the basis of the inspection and testing data collected in the previous steps.d

Rep

If conclusions cannot be fully supported by sound scientific principles then additionals

and

sound scientific principles then additional investigation is needed

lysi

sAn

a

All reports shall be self-contained documentsng

Shall include justification for deviations from the methodology described in the standardpo

rti

the methodology described in the standard

The reports shall not include any d Re

p

unsubstantiated opinions or conclusions.

If results are not conclusive the forensics an

d

If results are not conclusive the forensic investigator shall present options for obtaining conclusive resultsly

sis

Ana

Please take a moment to complete the l ti f Th k Yevaluation form. Thank You.