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0UNIVERSITY OF CALICUT(Abstract)B.Sc Programme in Biotechnology – under Choice based Credit Semester System –Scheme and Syllabus – implemented with effect from 2009 admission onwards –approved - Orders issued.----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------GENERAL AND ACADEMIC BRANCH – I ‘J’ SECTIONNo. GA. I/J1/4219/08 Dated, Calicut University. P.O., 26.06.2009---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Read : 1. U.O. No. GAI/J2/3601/08 (Vol. II) dated 19.06.2009.2. Minutes of meeting of Board of Studies in Biotechnology held on 27.02.20093. Item No.2(xiv) of the minutes of the meeting of the Faculty of Science held on 05.05.2009.4. Item No.II A (15) of the minutes of meeting of the Academic Council held on 14.05.2009.O R D E RChoice based Credit Semester System and Grading has been introduced for UGCurriculum in the affiliated colleges under this University with effect from 2009 admissiononwards and the regulation for the same implemented vide paper cited 1 above.As per paper read as (2) above, the Board of Studies has resolved to approve the Syllabus of B Sc Programme in Biotechnology under Choice based Credit SemesterSystem. As per paper read as (3) and (4) above, the meeting of Faculty of Science heldon 05.05.2009 endorsed the minutes of Board of Studies and the Academic Council heldon 14.05.2009 approved the same.Sanction has therefore been accorded to implement the scheme and syllabus ofB.Sc programme in Biotechnology under Choice based Credit Semester System in thisUniversity with effect from 2009 admission onwards. Orders are issued accordingly . Scheme & Syllabus appended.Sd/-DEPUTY REGISTRAR (G&A I)For REGISTRARTo The Principals of all affiliated colleges -offering B.Sc programme in Biotechnology.Copy to: Controller of Examination /EX I/EGI/DR B Sc/Enquiry/

System Administrator with a request to upload in the University website.Tabulation Section/GA I ‘F’ Sections/SF/DF/FC.Forwarded / By orderSECTION OFFICERPage 2

1RESTRUCTURED COURSE CURRICULUM (Syllabus)ForB.Sc. BIOTECHNOLOGY(alternate Pattern )UNIVERSITY OF CALICUTAcademic year 2009 –’10 onwards Page 3

2B.Sc. Biotechnology COURSE STRUCTURE UNDER CCSSMarksI semesterCourse TitleInstruc.Hrs/WeekCreditExamHrsInt.Ext. TotalCreditA 01 Common Course ICommunication skills in English 43A 02Common Course IICritical reasoning ,writing andpresentation.5

3A 07(3)Common Course IIICommunicationskills for B Scalternate pattern54BT1B 01Core Course IBioinforamatics 32BTIC 011st Complimentary course –1 Chemistry22BTIC 02(P)1st Complimentary coursePracticals -1Chemistry Practical2BTIC 032nd Complimentary course-1EnvironmentalBiotechnology22BTIC 04(P)2nd Complimentary coursePracticals – 1EnvironmentalBiotechnology2-------25------163hrs 25% 75%16creditsI I semesterA 03

Common course IVReading literature inEnglish44A 04Common Course V.Reading on Indianconstitutionsecularism andsustainableenvironment54A 09(3)Common Course VILiterature in …for BSc alternate pattern54BT2B 02Core course IIGeneralMicrobiology22BT2B 03Core course Practical IIGeneralMicrobiology12**BT2C 051st Complimentary Course IIChemistry 22BT2C 06(P)1st Complimentary Practical II Chemistry practical2*BT2CO72nd Complimentary Course IIEnvironmental

Biotechnology22BT2CO8(P)2nd Complimentary CoursePracticals IIEnvironmentalBiotechnology2------25*-----203hrs25% 75%20creditsIII semesterA 06Common Course VIIHistory andPhylosophy ofScience54A 12Common Course VIIIGeneral Informatics54BT3 BO4Core CourseIIIBiochemistryBiochemistry333hrs25% 75%17credits Page 4

3BT3BO5(P)Core Course PracticalIIIBiochemistry22**BT3C 091st Complimentary course III Chemistry32BT3C10(P)1st Complimentary Practical III Chemistry2*BT3C112nd Complimentary Course IIIEnvironmentalBiotechnology32BT3C12(P)2nd Complimentary PracticalIIIEnvironmentalBiotechnology2*2517IV semesterA 13Common Course IXBasic numericalskills54A 14Common Course XEntrepreneurshipdevelopment54

BT4BO6Core CourseIVMicrobial genetics33BT4C131st Complimentary Course IV Chemistry32BT4C14(P)1st Complimentary Practical IVChemistrypractical24BT4 C152nd Complimentary Course IVEnvironmentalBiotechnology32BT4 C16(P)2nd Complimentary Practical IVEnvironmentalBiotechnologypracticed24BT4 B07(P)Core Practical IVMicrobial geneticspractical2------252**-----253hrs25% 75%

25creditsV semesterBT5B 08Core Course VCell and MolecularBiology43BT5BO9Core CourseVIImmunology andImmuno-technology43BT5B10Core Course VIIBioprocessTechnology43BT5B 11(P)Core Course Practical VCell and MolecularBiology Practical43**BT5 B12(P)Core Course Practical VIImmunology andImmuno-technologypractical43**BT5D 01Open Course-1 (From otherdepartment)Food Microbiologyand Biotechnology3

4BT5B13Project Work/Industrial Visit2-------252**--------2121creditsVI semesterBT6B14Core course VIIIPlantBiotechnology43BT6B15Core Course IXAnimalBiotechnology33BT6B16Core Course XRecombinant DNATechnology3321credits Page 5

4BT6 B17(P)Core Course VII PracticalBioprocessTechnologyPractical 43BT6B18(P)Core Course VIII PracticalPlant

BiotechnologyPractical43BT6 B19Elective Course – (from samesubject/ department) MedicalBiotechnology32BT6 B20ProjectCombined Projectof 5 students ineach group4-------254-------21( 16+20+17+25+21+21=120)• Combined project of 2 group with 5 students starts in the V Semester• Industrial visit may be organised in the V Semester.*Credits for the complimentary course practicals will be awarded at the end of the IVsemester.** Credits for the main course practicals will be awarded at the end of the sixth semester.Credits for common course ……………………………….38Credits for core course including project and elective.......54Credits for complimentary courses……………………… ...24Credits for open course………………………………….......04N.B. • The project work starts in the V semester and ends on VI Semester.• A group of 5 students shall be given the combined project to minimise the work load onteachers. Page 6

5• The VI Semester practical examination for the main course subjects shall be clustered in theform of 3 practicals.Cluster I : General Microbiology Microbial Genetics BiochemistryCluster II :

Cell and Molecular BiologyImmunology and ImmunotechnologyCluster III :Plant BiotechnologyBioprocess Technology• The practical exams shall be organised for two days (6hrs/day) for each cluster as it isdifficult to complete practical examination with in 3 hrs for the B.Sc. Biotechnology course.• Industrial visits may be organised in the V semester and report on the Industrial visit shall be submitted for evaluation in the VI semester. • The syllabus/Course offered by the University as per the recommendations of board ofstudies in chemistry for complimentary course (Chemistry) shall be followed for B.Sc.Biotechnology as the first complimentary course . Page 7

6BT1BO1. BIOINFORMATICSIIntroduction to bioinformatics, pattern recognition and prediction, biologicaldatabases, primary and secondary sequence databases, composite proteinsequence databases, pair wise alignment technique; database searching NCBI,EMB, FASTA, BLAST BITS etc. algorithms and programmes, comparison of twosequences, global and local alignment – multiple sequence alignment;IIPhylogenetic analysis: Sequence based taxonomy, Neighbour joining method,Parsimony tree, Computer Tools for phylogenetic analysis- eg-PHYLIP IIIDNA sequence data bases, features of DNA sequence analysis, approachesof gene hunting, cDNA libraries, ESTs and EST analysis, general study of softwarepackages, primary design for molecular biology.References1.Introduction to Bioinformatics: by T.K. Altwood, D.J. Parry-Smith and S.Phukan.2.Bioinformatics: Sequence and Genome Analysis David. W. Mount.3.Bioinformatics: Genes, Proteins, and Computers by C.A. Orengo, D.T. Jonesand J.M. Thornton4. Bioinformatics ,databases, tools and algorithms, Orpita Bosu, Simminder Kaurthukral. Page 8

7BTIC02. ENVIRONMENTAL BIOTECHNOLOGY (COMPLIMENTARY COURSE )I.

History of Environmental Biotechnology: Role of Environmental Biotechnologyin Environment protection – Microbial interactions in the environment –Environment and Ecosystem processes – Origin of life, Chemistry of life andOrganisation of life – Ecosystems. Pollution management: In processtreatment, End of pipe treatment, Remediation of polluted sites, etc.II.Microorganisms in biogeochemical cycles: carbon cycle, nitrogen cycle,phosphorus and sulphur cycle – Plant – microbe interaction N2 – fixation – symbiotic and non-symbiotic (12 hrs).III.Water microbiology: Sources of microorganisms, E. coli as indicator, waterpurification methods; sedimentation, filtration and chlorination. Bacteriological examination of water: Presumptive, confirmed and completedtest (12 hrs). IV.Vermitechnology: Role of earth worms in waste disposal and biomagnificationof nutrients (10 hrs). BTIC02 (P) PRACTICALS1.Isolation of Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria from root nodule of Leguminous plants.2.Standard plate count of Sewage water sample. 3.Presumptive and confirmed tests.4.Indole test5.Voger Pranokaur test6.Citrate utilisation test 7.Methyl red test Page 9

8References1.Jogdand, G.N. 1995. EBT, Himalaya Publishing House.2.EBT : Basic Concepts and Application: Indushekar Thakur (2006). I.K.International Publication. 3.Moo-Young, M. 1996. EBT: Principles & Applications, Kluver. 4.

Pelczar, M.J. 1998. Microbiology: Concept & Applications, McGraw. BT2BO1. GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY I.History of Microbiology: Leeuvenhoek and h is microscope, Germ theory ofdisease – Koch's postulates, development in disease prevention, antisepsis,immunisation, chemotherapy, classes of microorganisms, bacteria, virus,fungi.Morphological characters of bacteria & fungi.Difference between eukaryotic & prokaryotic cells.(8 hrs)II.Preparation of media, eg. nutrient agar, potato dextrose agar, Mac CoukeyAgar, Industrial media, Requirements for carbon, N2. Concept of sterilization, Methods of sterilization of media and equipments /glassware. Isolation of pure cultures: Spread plate, streak plate and pour plate. (8 hrs)III.Growth and reproduction in bacteria, fungi, virus & bacteriophages – lyticcycle, lysogenic.Factors affecting growth – pH, temperture, O2 requirement. Uptake of nutrients: active, passive, facilitated, group translocation. Measurement of growth: dry weight, CFV, turbidometry.(10 hrs)IV.Microbial metabolism: Aerobic and anaerobic respiration, ē transport chain,pentose phosphate pathway.(7 hrs)V.Brief account of microbial diseases: eg: Typhoid, AIDS, Dermatomycoses. (3 hrs)BT2BO1 (P) PRACTICALS1.A septic techniques.2.Preparation of media and sterilization. 3.Isolation of microorganisms from airs, water, soil.4.Pure culture techniques – Streak, spread, pores plate methods.5.Enumeration of microorganisms Total Vs. Viable counts. Page 10

96.Staining methods.7.

Growth curve of bacteria. 8.Antibiotic sensitivity test. 9.Assessment of microbial growth wet weight, Packed Cell Volume. References1.Pelczar, MJ., Chan, E.C.S. and Kreig, Microbiology: Concepts andApplications (Fifth edition). 2.Ronald Atlas. Principles of Microbiology (second edition). 3.Michael T. Medigan, John M. Martinho, Brock, Biology of Microorganisms(Tenth edition).4.Precott, Harley, Microbiology (Sixth edition).5.Stainer, R.K., Ingraham, J.L., Wheelis, General Microbiology, Macmillan Publ. 6.Benson, H.J. 1990. Microbiological applications: A laboratory manual inGeneral Microbiology, 5th ed., W.M.C. Brown, Publishing. 7.Cappuccino, J.G. & Sherman, N. 1996. Microbiology Laboratory Manual.BT2CO2. ENVIRONMENTAL BIOTECHNOLOGY (COMPLIMENTARY COURSE )I.Microbiology and Biochemistry of waste water treatment. Water pollution:Primary, secondary and tertiary or Alternative treatment.II.Municipal waste and industrial effluent treatment and disposal, mechanicaltreatment, biological treatment: activated sludge, biological filters, RBC, FBR,anaerobic treatment: contact digestors, packed column reactors, UASB.Medical solid waste. (12 hrs).III.Degradation of pesticide and other toxic chemicals by microorganisms,biotechnological application of thuringenesis toxin as a natural pesticide. Biofertilizers and Biopesticides. Composting.(12 hrs)IV.Bioenergy from waste: Biomass for energy production, sources of biomass,methane production, biogas from food processing industry, fuel-alcoholproduction – ethanol from biomass, lignocellulose residues. Biofuel andBiodiesel, Bio leaching, Types of bioleaching.(10 hrs)BT2CO2 (P) PRACTICALS

1.Preparation of vermicompost 2.Clarification of municipal sewage wing flocculants and performing standardplate count before and after clarification. Page 11

103.BOD & COD estimation of polluted water sample.4.Production of biogas and methane from muncipal sewage & food waste. References1.Jogdand, G.N. 1995. EBT, Himalaya Publishers. 2.Indushekar Thakur: EBT, Concepts & Applications. 3.Moo-Young, M. 1996. EBT: Principles & Applications.4.Pekzar, M.J. 1998. Microbiology. BT3BO1. BIOCHEMISTRY IIntroduction to bimolecules; chemical bonds (weak interactions), measurement of pH(Henderson Harselbalch equation),l buffers & buffer actions (strong & weak acids),Biological buffer systems. II(2 hrs)Carbohydrates: Classification, occurrence, chemical reactions, structure andfunctions of monosaccharides, disaccharides & polysaccharides, glycolysis, Krebscycle, ETC (Mitochondria) – arrangement of electron carriers in the electrontransport chain, Oxidation phosphorylation (Chemiosmotic theory), Fate of pyruvatein alcoholic fermentation, gluconeogenesis and pentose phosphate pathway (onlyoutline without structures of intermediates).III(8 hrs)Amino acids: Classification based on structure and polarity, aphoteric property,titration curve of alanine, general chemical reactions of amino acids, urea cycle,metabolism of glycine & phenylalanine, peptide bond formation.IV (4 hrs)Proteins: Classification, structure and biological function.V(3 hrs)Lipids : Classification, fatty acids, triacylglyceride, phosphoglycerides (eg., lecithins),sphingolipids (e.g., Cerebrorides), Steroids (Cholesterol), Outline study of β-oxidation; fatty acid biosynthesis (without structure).

VI(4 hrs) Page 12

11Nucleic acids: Structure of purines, pyramidines, different conformational forms ofDNA, Types of DNA.VII(4 hrs)Enzyme: Classification, Nomenclature, Mechanism of enzyme action, derivation ofMichaelis Menten equation, Enzyme inhibition, Factors affecting enzyme activity,Allorteric enzymes, Isoenzymes. VIII (4 hrs)Vitamins & Hormones: Classification, physiological functions & deficiency disordersof vitamins and hormones (thyroxine, insulin, growth hormones), an overview to thefunctions of phytohormones. IX(4 hrs)Separation technique: Chromatography: (adsorption, ion exchange, affinity, gel filtration). Electroplhoreosis: PAGE, AGE, SDS-PAGE. (3hrs)BT3BO1 (P) PRACTICALSBiochemical techniques-Preparation of buffers:- Phosphate buffer, Tris Acetate buffer.-Quantitative estimation of sugars by Anthrone method, DNS method, Biuretmethod.-Quantitative estimation of protein by Lowry et al. method.-Quantitative estimation of RNA by orcinol method, DNA by DPA method.-Separation of aminoacids by paper chromatography and thin layerchromatography.-Amylase activity – determination (salivary amylase). References1.Lehninger, Cox and Nelson: Biochemistry2.Voet Voet : Biochemistry.3.Stryer K. Biochemistry 1995. W.H. Freeman & Company, New York.4.

Mathews, H.R. Freedland R. Miesfeld, R.L. 1997. Biochemistry a shortcourse. Wiley-Liss Inc.5.Neal, A.C., Chemistry & Biochemistry: A Comprehensive Introduction.McGraw Hill Book Company.6.Donald Voet, Judith G. Voet, Biochemistry, Second edition. 7.David L. Nelson, Michael M. Cox, Lehninger. Principles of Biochemistry, thirdedition. Page 13

128.Plummer, D.T. 1988. An Introduction to Practical Biochemistry, Tata McGrawHill Co., New Delhi. BT3CO2. ENVIRONMENTAL BIOTECHNOLOGY(COMPLIMENTARY COURSE) I.Current status and novel trends in environmental biotechnology (4 hrs).II.Bioremediation: Advantages of Bioremediation, types of bioremediation.Monitoring the efficacy of Bioremediation. BioventingBioremediation for controlling oil spills.Biosorption: Use of bacteria and fungi, Bioreaction for biosorption. (14 hrs)III.Problems associated with disposal of xenobiotic compounds, Hazardouswastes.Biodegradation of xenobiotics: Persistent compounds, Degradationmechanisms, naphthalene, benzene, phenol, PCB's, propanil (Herbicide),urea.Biodegradation of petrochemical effluents.(14 hrs)IV.Removal of nitrogen and phosphorus from waste water.Global environment problems: The Green house effect, Ozone depletion, UVradiation, Acid rain.Air pollution and its control: Control of gaseous emissions, control ofpollutants from vehicles. BT3CO2 (P) PRACTICALS ( 8 )1.Aerobic treatment of municipal sewage including sedimentation, filtration(sand filter), chlorination.2.IMViC test : using river and tap water samples.

3.Spirulina production.4.Deliguification of rice straw, rice husk using enzymes (white rot jungi,Pleurotus specis) and alkali. 5.Use of yeast as biosorbant to remove colour from coir retting waste water /industrial effluent.References1.Jodgand, G.N. 1995. EBT, HImalaya Publishers. 2.EBT. S.K. Agarwal (1998). A.P.H. Publishers. Page 14

133.Text book of EBT: Pradip Kumar Mohapatra (2006).4.Moo-Young, M. (1996). EBT: Principles and Applications. BT4BO1 MICROBIAL GENETICS I. Genes mutation and mutagenesis UV and chemical mutagenesis, Base analogue mutagens, mutagenesis byinter calating substances. Type of mutations; spontaneous mutation, frame shiftmutation, suppression, missense mutation, Reversion, Isolation of mutants.Fluctuation test, Ames test for mutagenesis. (8 hrs) II. Bacterial genetic systemTransformation – competence, molecular mechanism of transformationconjugation; generalized transduction, specialized transduction plasmids; types ofplasmids, purification, plasmids transfer, replication, Properties of bacterial plasmids.Transposons; Insertion sequences (Is elements), composite transposons, Tn3elements, Transposition.Brief account on Transposable elements in eukaryotes.AC & DS elements in maizeRetrotransposons (12 hrs)III Viruses Introduction to viruses, discovery, classification and structure of viruses, DNA & RNAviruses, replication of viruses eg: Herpes, pox, adenovirus, retrovirus, viroids, prions. (08 hrs)IV.Viruses and their genetic system, phage and its lytic cycle. Genetics of phage T4and phage λ. Recombination, Circular map of T4 & λ, life cycle of phage T4 & λ.(08 hrs)BT4B 01(P) Practicals1.

Isolation of plasmid DNA2.Phage titration 3.Induced Transformation in E. coliPage 15

144.Conjugation5.Complementation experiment.References1.Microbial genetics: David Friefelder.2.Principles of genetics: Snustad, Simmons, Jenkins.3.Microbiology: sixth edition: Lan Sing, M. Prescott, John Harly & Donald. A.Klein.BT4CO2. ENVIRONMENTAL BIOTECHNOLOGY(COMPLIMENTARY COURSE) I.Pesticide pollution problems and sources of pollution. Biotechnological application for pesticide waste disposal with specific casestudies using bacteria, fungi and immobilised enzymes. (14 hrs)II.Single cell protein and biomass from waste Biotechnological applications for distillary, tannery, pulp industry.Environmental impact of tanneny effluents. Process and production indistillery. Waste treatment using aquatic plants.(14 hrs)III.Biotechnology for waste treatment of food and allied industries. Generalcharacteristics of dairy industry waste waters. Treatment of Dairy Effluentwaste water. Biotreatment of Dye industry wastes. Sources and origin ofDyes. Treatment technologies of Dyes. IV.Bioplastics: Biopols (PHB), Biolac (polylactic acid).Economics of PHA production. Dark side of Bioplastics. Bioscrubblers.(4 hrs)BT4CO2 (P) PRACTICALS:1.Isolation of pesticide degrading bacteria from rice field.

2.Microbial screening for phenol degrading organisms.3.Removal of copper from waste water using Trichoderma viridae.4.Production of cellulose and ethanol from lignocellulosic waste (biogas). References1.Jogdand, G.N. 1995. EBT: Himalaya Publishers.2.S.K. Agarwal. 1998. EBT, APH Publishers. Page 16

153.Pradip Kumar Mohapatra: Textbook of EBT (2006). 4.Moo-Young, M. (1996). EBT: Principles and Applications. BT5BO1. CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY1.Introduction to the Cell: History of cell, Precellular Evolution, Cell as the basicunit of life, cell theory, Structural organisation of prokaryotes and eukaryotes.(3hrs)2.Molecular archatecture of cell: Structure and junction of plasma membraneand cell organelles: cytosol, golgi, ER (rough & smooth), Ribosome,cytokeleton (microtubules, microfilments, intermediate filamens), Mitochondira(aerobic & anaerobic), Chloroplase (phtosynthesis, CAM plants, c3 & C4pathway) Nucleus, Lysosome, Peroxisome, structure of cilia and flagella (20hrs)3.Interactions between cell & environment: - Cell functions, cells adhesions, celljunction and extracellular matrix, cell signalling through G-protein linkedreceptors (9hrs)4.Cellular regulation: (4 hrs)1.Brief account of cell cycle and its regulation.2.Mitosis and Meiosis.3.Brief overview of cancer.4.Cell apoptosis.MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

I : Structure of Genetic material (4 hrs)–Introduction – Nature of genetic materials; Discovery of DNA as geneticmaterial (Griffith, Avery, Harshey Chase). –Structure of nucleic acids – DNA – A, B, Z model.–Super coiling and Topoisomerase.–Types of RNA – structure and function.II : Replication of DNA (5 hrs)–Salient features of prokaryotic and eukaryote; DNA replication. Page 17

16III : Molecular Mechanism of Recombination (8)–Homologous recombination, site specific recombination; Models ofrecombination (Holliday Model, Double Strand break etc.)IV : DNA repair mechanism (5)–Excision mechanism – Nucleotide, Base.–Post replication repair – Mismatch repair, Recombination repair, SOS repair.V : Transposable elements (5)–Transposable elements in prokaryotes – Is, Transposons.–Mechanism of transposition in prokaryotes.–Transposable elements in eukaryotes – AC – DS system in Maize, Drosophila– p elements, yeast, Ty elements.–Retro transposons and Retroposons.VI : Gene structure in prokaryotes and eukaryotes (4)VII : Transcription of DNA processing (5)–Central dogma.–

Transcription in prokaryotes. eg; lac, top operop.–Transcription in eukaryotes.–Post transcriptional modification and RNA processing.–Gene regulation in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. VIII : Genetic code and Translation (4)–Salient features of venetic code.–Translation in prokaryotes and eukaryotes.–Post translational modification.BT5BO1(P) PRACTICALS 1.Cell counting methods :a) Haemocytometer : WBS, RBCb) Differential counting using Leishmans2.Micrometry : a) Calibration using occular micrometer Page 18

17b) Finding out average cell size3.Squash Preparation a) Study of mitotic stagesb) Measurement of Chromosome length.4.Isolation of DNA from suitable materials (E.coli. Plant materials)5.Agarose gel electrophoresis. 6.Induction of Lac Opeon using microorganisms (eg. E. coli).7.Conjugation in E. coli,.References:1.De Robertis: Cell and Molecular Biology2.Cell and Molecular Biology : Gerall Karp3.Lodish, Baltimore: Molecular Cell Biology4.The cell : Cooper (A Molecular Approach)5.

The Cell – Bruce Alberts. 6.Allyn Bregman, 1996. Labaratory investigation in cell and molecular biology.John Wiley & sons.7.Freifelder, D. & Malacinski, G.M. 1998 (or latest edition)8.Lewin, B. Genes VI, 1997, Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford, New York, Tokyo.9.Cell and Molecular biollogy, Harvay Lodish, David Baltimore, Arnold Beek,Lawrence Zipursky, James Darnell.10. Genetics – Peter J. Russel.11. Principles of Genetics – Hartt & Jones. BT5B02. IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOTECHNOLOGY1.Introduction to immune system : Historical perspectives, early vaccination,innate immunity and acquired immunity humoral and cell mediated immunity.(4hrs)2.Cells of Immune System: Hematopoiesis, Lymphoid cells B & T lymph cytes.N. K. cells, phagocyte, mast cells, Dendritic cells.(4hrs)3.Organs of the Immune system: Primary lymphoid organs: Thymus, Bonemarrow, secondary lymphoid organs: lymph nodes, spleen, mucosaassociated lymphoid tissue. Page 19

18(5hrs)4.Antigens: Nature and Properties of antigens: foreigners, molecular size -epitopes : Immune response to Ag, adjuvants, Immune dosage, route ofadministration super antigens.(7hrs)5.Antibodies: Structure of antibodies; classes of Immuno globular,hypervariable regions. Complementary determining regions. Frame workregions. Isotype, allotype and idotypic determinants, immunoglobulinsuperfamily.(10hrs)6.Antigen - Antibody interactions: Affinity avidity, measure of Ag-Ab binding,cross reactivity: application of Ag-Ab interactions: agglutination reaction: bloodgrouping, RID, ouchterlony , RIA and Elisa, Western blotting.(7hrs)7.

Hypersensitivity: Classes hypersensitive reactions. (type-1) IgE-mediatedhypersensitivity - intracellular events in most cell degranulation,phamacological agents in type I reactions, type II, hypersensitivity - erylbroblastosis fetalis type - III hypersensitivity - Immuno complex mediatedhypersensitivity -type IV- delayed - type hypersensitivity.(10hrs)8.Autoimmunity: Maintenance of tolerance, auto immune diseases: organ specific - Hastimoto's thyroidits, Grave's disease. Systematic autoimmunedisease - multiple sclerosis, Rheumatoid arthritis.(7hrs)9.Tumor immunology: Malignant transformation of cells, oncogenes andinduction, tumor of immune system - tumor antigens chemically and virallyinduced tumor antigen, cancer immunotherapy - cytokine therapy -interferons. Tumor necrosis fuctros, monoclonal antibodies andimmunotoxins.(8hrs)10. Monoclonal antibodies and vaccines: Active and passive immunisation,vaccine designs recombinant vector vaccines.(10hrs)BT5B02 (P) Practicals1.Blood grouping2.Blood film preparation and identification of cells3.Preparation of antigens Page 20

19Protected of immunisation in rabbits rats/mice, methods of immunisation,bleeding (demonstration only). Necessary approved from CPCSEA may be obtainedfor animal experiment.4.Separation of lymphocytes from periperal blood5.Radial immuno diffusion6.Double diffusion7.Immuno electrophoresis8.Demonstration of ElisaReferences1.Immunology by Kuby (2007)

2.Cellular and Molecular ImmunologyAbul K. Abbas. A.H. Lichtman & Shiv Pillai (2007)3.Immnobiology: The immune system in Health and DiseasesCharles A. Janeway, Paul TrawersMark Walport and J. Donald CopraPage 21

20BT5B03. BIOPROCESS TECHNOLOGYIntroduction to microbial fermentations. Range of microbial fermentationprocesses. Recombinant DNA technology assisted products. Flow chart of typicalindustrial fermentation process. Concept of value addition shelf life improvement.Low volume - high value and High volume - low value products. (5)Isolation of industrially useful microbes from soil air and water. Microbialscreening procedure.Preservation of Microorganisms: Stock culture maintenance. Storage at lowtemperatures on agar slants and liquid nitrogen. Storage in dehydrated form-driedculture. (5 hours)Industrial strain improvement: Different DNA mutating agents like UV, NTG,Nitrous acid, intercalating agents. Application of genetic engineering and protoplastfusion techniques in strain improvement. (6hours)Fermentation media: Media composition. Requirement of Carbon-nitrogenminerals, growth factors, water and oxygen. Media sterilization: Batch andcontinuous sterilization, filter sterilization of fermentation media (for animal cellculture) and air.Microbial growth kinetics - Batch, fed-batch and continuous cultures:Fermentation equipment and use-parts of fementor. Types of bioreactors - CSTR,air-lift. Packed bed and immobilized reactors. Fermentation process control-controlof temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen and RPM.(10hours)Fermentation process operation: Inoculum preparation, scale-up offermentations. Chemostat and turbidostat. Down stream processing: Separation ofcells by froath floatation, sedimentation, flocculation, Filtration and centrifugation.Cell disruption for intracellular products. Membrane filtrations, including reverseosmosis. Chromatographi techniques - Adsorption, ion-exchange, affinity and gelexclusion chromatography. Precipitation, crystallization and drying of biologicals (8hours)Typical fermentation processes: Antibiotics (Penicillins), organic acids (aceticacid), Microbial enzymes (Amylases and proteases) ethanol. Single cell proteins(SCP), Vatminas (Vti B 12). Use of microbes in solid and liquid waste disposal,aerobic and anaerobid biological waste treatment methods. Activated sludge,Rotating biological contactors, Trickling filters and anaerobic digestors. (8 hours)

Basic techniques in plant cell cultures. A brief account of primary and secondarymetabolites. Large scale cultivation of plant cells in bioreactor. Bioreactors specificfor plant cell cultures, hairy root cell cultures.Case studies: Production of menthol, Vinblastine, Vanilline and capsicine bysuspension cultures.(5 hours)Animal cell culture. Anchorage dependent and independent cultures,monolayers, seeding density, microcarrier suspension, soft agar and perfusioncultures. Use of roller and spinner bottles, hollow fibre reactors. Case studies:production of interferon. Monoclonal antibodies and viral vaccine (rabies). (8 hours)Enzyme technology: Basic concept of enzymes, sources of microbialenzymes, extraction and purification of enzymes. Control of microbial enzymeproduction imobilization of enzyme of adsorption, entrapment, crosslinking andencaosulation methods. (8 hours) Page 22

21Application of enzymes in Medical/pharmaceutical, and in food industry. Industrial applications of amylasses and proteases. Production of amino acids andantibiotics by immbilised enzyems/cells. Use of microbial enzymes in leather, paperand dairy industry. (7 hours)BT6B04 (P) Practicals 1.Isolation of antiobiotic producing microbes from soil by crowded platestechnique and demonstration of antibiotic sensitivity by giant colony inhibitionspectrum.2.Fermentation of grape juice and estimation of alcohol by distillation.3.Enzyme immobilization using sodium alginate.4.Production microbial enzyme (amylase) and conversion of starch to glucose.Detection of formed glucose by anthrone method,5.Separation of cells by flocculation. Use of alum as an flocculating agent toseparate yeast from fermentation broth.6.Anaerobic fermentations: Production of methane from Glucose.7.Comparative study of surface culture (Mat culture of aspergillusniger/Pencillin), solid state fermentation (Mushrooms) and submergedcultures.8.Effect of pH and aeration on biomass production (Bakers yeast)-wet weight asan yard stick.

References:1.Stanbury, P.F.A. Whitaker and S.J. Hall (1995). Principles of fermentationtechnology. Pregamon Press.2.Cassida, I.E., Jr. Industrial microbiology (1994). Wiley eastern.3.Cruger and Annilesse cruger (1990). A text book of industrial microbiology,sinaser associates. Inc.4.Demain, A.L. and Solomon, N.A. Manual of industrial microbiology andbiotechnology (1986). American society for microbiology.5.Gasesca, P. and Able, J.J. (1987). Enzyme technology. Open UniversityPress.6.Purohit, S.S. (1988). Lab Manual of Plant Biotechnology, India.7.Alman. A. (1988). Agricultural Biotechnology. Marcel and Decker Inc. Mediumavenue (NY).8.Burler, W. (1995). Bioerector design and product yield. Heineman LincareHouse, Oxford.9.Fermentation a practical approach: Ed. B.M.C Neil and L.M. Harvey (1990)University Press. Page 23

22BT5D01. FOOD MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY (Open Course –Elective from other department students)I.Food as a substrate for microorganisms: pH, moisture content, redoxpotential, nutrient content and inhibitory substances (10 hrs)II.Microorganisms important in food industry: Molds, identification of molds ofindustrial importance, yeasts & yeasts like fungi, yeasts of industrialimportance, bacteria, morphological characteristics important in foodbacteriology, Groups of bacteria important in food bacteriology. (11 hrs)III.General principles underlying spoilage: Causes of spoilage, factors affectingkinds and members of microorganisms in food, factors affecting growth ofmicroorganisms in food. Chemical changes caused by microorganisms. (11 hrs)IV.

Principles of food preservation: Methods of food preservation, Removal ofmicroorganisms, Asepsis, Preservation by using high temperature and lowtemperatures. Preservation by drying: Methods of drying. Factors in the control of drying.Preservation by food additives.(11 hrs)V.Foods and enzymes produced by microorganisms – Bread, maltedbeverages, wines, distilled liquors, vinegar, fermented vegetables, fermenteddairy products & oriental fermented goods.Microorganism as food: single cell protein, fats and amino acids frommicroorganisms.Production of microbial enzymes.`(11 hrs)References1.Fraizier, Food Microbiology, 1978, McGraw Publishers. 2.Pelczar: Microbiology.3.Prescott: Microbiology. Page 24

23BT6BO1. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGYI.Basic techniques of plant tissue culture (Introduction, Definition, Mediumpreparation and sterilization, inoculation, explant selection, growth regulators,subculture, conditions of culture room, etc.) (7)II.In vitro morphogenesis (Organogenesis – Meristem culture, Production ofvirus free plants, embryogenesis and synthetic seeds, significance studies onregeneration – single / multiple shoot, root formation, somaclonal variationand its significance, transfer and establishment of whole plants into soil).(15)III.Different types of culture (Callus culture, studies on different types of callusformation, cell culture / suspension culture). (5)IV. Organ culture: (ovary, ovule, endosperm triploid production, embryoculture,induction of polyembryony, anther culture, in vitro production of haploids andits significance in crop improvement). (8)V.Tissue culture and Biotechnological applications in agriculture, horticulture,pharmacology, industry.

(8)VI. Protoplast isolation and fusion, importance of hybrids and cybrids culture,importance and applications in crop improvement. ( 9)VII. Cryopreservation, germplasm storage, and establishment of gene banks,viability & potentiality test, gene sanctuaries. (5)VIII. Genetic manipulations: Recombinant DNA technology – production oftransgenic plants, hairy root culture – basic concepts, practical applications ofgenetic transformations. (15)BT6BO1 (P) PRACTICALS1.Medium Preparationsa.Stock preparationsi)Macro and micro nutrientsii)Hormonesiii)Vitamins b.PM adjustmentsc.Sterilizationi)Cotton pluggingii)Autoclavingiii)Explant collectionsiv)Surface sterilization v)Practices in Lamine flow chambervi)Personal Hygenic Page 25

24d.Inoculationsi)Monitoring for callus induction and Regenerations References1.

Herlaw, F. & David, L.D. (Eds.). 1998. Antibodies: A Laboratory Manual,Coldspring Harbor Laboratory.2.Coligan, J.E. Kruisbeck, A.M. Margulies, D.H. Shevach, E.M. and W. Strober1996. Current Practicals in Immunology, John Wiley & Sons Inc.3.Dixon, R.A. & Genzales, R.A. (Eds.) 1994. Plant Cell Culture – A PracticalApproach, IRL Press, Oxford. 4.Smith, R.H. 1992. Plant Tissue Culture Techniques and Experiments,Academic Press. 5.Edwin F. George (1993). Plant propagation by Tissue Culture, Part I. TheTechnology II Ed. Exegetics Ltd.6.Edvin F. George, 1993/1996. Plant Propagation by Tissue Culture, Part II InPractice II Ed.7.Pierik, R.L.M. 1989. In vitro culture of higher plants. Martinus NijhoffPublishers, Dordrecht, Netherlands.8.Bhajmani & Razdan. Plant Tissue Culture, Theory and Practice.9.Reinert & Bajaj. 1977. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture, Springer Verlag,Berlin.10. S. Narayanaswamy, 1994. Plant Cell and Tissue Culture, Tata McGraw HillPublishing Company Ltd., New Delhi. Page 26

25BT6BO2. ANIMAL BIOTECHNOLOGY1.Introduction to animal cell culture: Lab Design and equipments. Sterile area,Laminar flow hood. CO2 incubator. Cryostorage (liquid Nitrogen flask),refrigerated centrifuges freezers (-800C) inverted microscope,Hemocytometer, pH meter, magnetic stirrer, micropipettes and pipette aid.(10)2.Media preparation and sterilization: Sterilization of glass wares: Reagents:Balanced salt solutions, preparation stock of solutions such as amino acids,vitamins, salts, glucose, Hormones and growth factors, antibiotics, role ofserum in media, physicochemical properties, - CO2 and bicarbonate, oxguen,osmolality, Temperature, viscosity , filter sterilization of media. (`12)3.Primary culture: Mouse embryo cell culture, protocol for Isolation of mouseembryo, Primary explants, Enzymatic disaggregation, warm and cold trypsintreatment, collagenase treatment, mechanical disaggregation and sieving

separation of viable and noviable cells. (12)4.Cell lines & Cryopreservation: Immortalization of cell lines with viral genes -SV. 40, papillomavirus, Epstein-Barr virus, fibroblast immortalisation, cell linedesignations maintenance of cell lines, cell morphology, criteria for subculture.States of Cryopreservation, Freezing a cells, Thawing of frozen cells. ( 15)5.Cytotoxicity: Estimation of viability by Dye exclusion, cell proliferation assays,MTT-based cytotoxicity assay. (5)References 1. Culture of Animal cells: A Manual of Basic Techniques (2004) R. IanFreshney.2. Animal cell culture methods Jennie P. Mattar and David Barnes.BT6BO3. RECOMBINANT DNA TECHNOLOGY1.Introduction to gene cloning, enzymes and basic tools involved in genecloning.(5 hrs)2.DNA sequencing methods, hybridization techniques (Northern, southern,western blotting), In Situ hybridiztion, PCR (variation RtPCR), DNA fingerprinting.(10 hrs)3.Isolation and purification of total cell DNA(4 hrs)4.Cloning vectors in prokaryotes and eukaryotes (pBr 322, puc 18, M13,cosmids, Phagemids, phasmids, yeast vectors, Animal viral vectors - SV40,Plant viral vectors - CaMV, Agrobacterium – Tiplasmid. (15 hrs)5.Introduction of recombinant DNA into living cells an overview. Selection andscreening of recombinant clones. (10 hrs) Page 27

266.Application of r-DNA technology - production of recombinant proteins,vaccines, Transgenic plants. (Insect resistance, disease resistance),Transgenic animals - molecular pharming.(10 hrs)References•

Watson, J.D Gitman, M, Witkowsk, J. and Foller, M. 1992, Recombinant DNA,II edition, Scientific American books, W.H. Freeman and Co, New York.•Old. R.W and Primerose, S.B. 1994. Principles of gene manipulation 0 Anintroduction to Genetic engineering.•Gene cloning and DNA Analysis an Introduction T.A. Brown.•Recombinant DNA - James D. Watson, Michael Gilman.BT6B01. MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY (Elective for same department / Subject student) I.Morphology and Physiology of Bacteria; Sterilisation and Disinfection; CultureMedia and Culture Methods; General identification procedurs for variouspathogenic bacteria & fungi.(10 hrs)II.Infection & immunity, Antigen & antibody, Antigen & antibody reactions,Complement system. Structure & functions of immune system.(7 hrs)III.Staphyolococcus : General properties of bacteria.StreptococcusPneumococcusClostridiumEnterobacteriaceaI : ColiformsII : SheigellaIII : SalmonellaVibrioPseudomonasMycobacterium I : tuberculosisSpirochetes & MycoplasmaRickettesia & Chlamydea (15 hrs)IV.General properties of viruses:Virus host interactionPox viruses Page 28

27Herpes virusAdenonirusRhabdovirusesHepatitisOncogenic viruses

(15 hrs)V.Human Immunodeficiency Virus : AIDSNormal Microflora of Human bodyAcute diarrhoeal diseasesAntimicrobial therapyImmunoprophylaxis & ImmunotherapyNasocomial infections (7 hrs)References1.Ananthanarayanan : Textbook of Microbiology, 1994, Oriental Publishers.2.Pelezar : Microbiology.3.Prescott : Microbiology. Page 29

28MODEL QUESTION PAPERBT1CO3. ENVIRONMENTAL BIOTENCHNOLOGY1.Enzyme involved in N2 fixation.(Nitrogenates , oxidase, Urease de hydrogenase).2.Which of the following is symbiotic bacteria(Rhizobium sps., Bacillus sps., Clostridium, Streptococeus.3.The accepted MPN in terms of water quality is ___________4.Name two earth worms use for the production of vermicompost. 5.___________ is the major indicator of polluted water(E. coli, Staphylococcus, Vibrio cholarae, All)6.Selective media used for confirmed test7.__________ is sued as indicator in BGLB broth(Coomassie blue, Bromothymole blue, Methylene blue, Prussian blue).8.Presumptive test is used in __________ microbiology(Food, Air, Water, Medical)9.Name a genetically modified org to treat oil spills10. Methane bacteria are obligate ________ (Aerobes, Anaerobes, Facultative anaerobes, None) 11. Scientific name for tiger worm:

12. Expand NCST.13. Ideal pH for compost bed. 14. Earthworm casts are a good source of ________ production.15. Name a facultative bacteria. 16. ________test in presumptive is viewed as ____________.(gas bubble formation, charring, colour change, all).17. What is SRT?18. Completed test determines _________ of the water sample(Mineral content, earbon, Content, Dissolved O2, Coliform content). 19. _______ media is used to differentiate between E. coli and E. aerogenes Page 30

29(Nutrient agar media).20________ can remove uranium(Chloerella vulgaris, pseudomonas, E.coli, Streptococcus aureus)Short answers:21. Role of symbiotic bacteria in N2 fixation.22. Phosphorus cycle.23. Confirmed and Presumptive test.24. ImVic test.25. Plant-microbe interaction.26. Sulphur cycle. Short essay on27. Vermitechnology28. Biomagnification of nutrients.29. Bacteriological examination of water.30. N2 fixation.Long essay31. Write in detail about biogeochemical cycles.32. What are the different water purification methods for potable water?Page 31

30BT2BO2. GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY1.The word cell was first used by(a) Matthias Schleiden(b) Robert Hooke(c) Theodar Schwann(d) E.Hl. Haeckal 2."Germ theory of disease" was postulated by(a) Louis Pasteur (b) Antony van Leenwenhoek (c) Robert Koch(d) Edward Jenner

3.___________ refers to the shortest period of time to kill a suspension ofbacteria (or spore) at a prescribed temperature and under specific conditions:(a) Thermal death time(b) Decimal reduction time(d) Moist heat(e) Steam under pressure 4.Penicillin was discovered by(a) Rene Dubos(b) Alexander Fleming(c) Selman Waksman(d) W. Florey5.The kind of movement that occurs in bacteria in which the flagella are presentall over the bacterial surface or at one end are known as ___________(a) Spirochaetal movement(b) Gliding movement(c) Flagellar movement (d) Pleomorphism 6.Exfoliate toxin is produced by(a) Staphylococcus aureus(b) Chostridium tetani(c) Bacillus anthracis(d) Ercherichia coli7.When the male and female gametangia originate from the same vegetativebody, the fungi is referred to as ___________(a) Autogamous (b) Heterothallic(c) Pseudosepta (d) Homothallic8.Among the following who is considered as father of microscope?(a) Louis Pasteur (b) Antony Van Leenweboek (c) Robert Koch(d) Theordore Schwann9.Teichoid acid is present in the cell wall of __________(a) Gram +ve bacteria (b) Gram –ve bacteria(c) Blue green algae(d) All10. The compound which gives heat resistant to endospore forming bacteria: Page 32

31(a) Calcium DPA complex(b) Peptidoglycan(c) Mycolic acid(d) None of the above.11. The microscopy valuable for studying living and stained cells:(a) Electron microscopy (b) Fluorescent microscopy (c) Phase contrast microscopy(d) None of the above.12. The name of a differential staining method is:(a) Grams staining (b) Positive staining(c) Negative staining (d) None of the above.13. The acid fast bacterial cell was consists of:(a) Calcium carbonate (b) Mycolic acid(c) Polysaccharides(d) Polypeptides14. The microorganism called as an indicator organism:(a) Pseudomonas fluorscens (b) E. coli(c) Vibriocholerae(d) None of the above15. An example for double stranded RNA viruses is:(a) Reovirus (b) Vaccinia virus(c) TMV(d) Small pox virus16. Aflatoxin is produced by the species:(a) Aspergillus flavus (b) Aspergilus niger(c) Penicillium notatum(d) None of the above.17. The process by which energy from electron transport is used to make ATP iscalled:(a) Oxidative phosphorylation(b) Substrate level phosphorylation (c) TCA cycle (d) None of the above. 18. An antibiotic which inhibits the peptidiglycan biosynthesis:(a) Penticillin (b) Streptomycin(c) Polymyxins

(d) None19. Potato dextrose agar used to culture(a) Bacteria (b) Fungi(c) Virus (d) Protozoa20. The plasmids which give degradative capacity are:(a) TOL plasmids(b) CoI plasmids Page 33

32(c) R plasmids (d) NoneShort Answers:21. Define episome.22. Define cold sterilization.23. Define sanitization. 24. What are virions? 25. Define parsive diffusion. 26. Note on homofermentors. Short Essays27. Write a note on pentose phosphate pathway.28. Brief note on Streptococcal disease. 29. Differentiate eukaryotic and prokaryotic bacteria. 30. Short note on selective media.Long Essays31. Explain the morphology of bacteria.32. Explain the factors effecting the growth of bacteria and also mention themethods to measure the growth of bacteria. Page 34

33BT2CO7. ENVIRONMENTAL BIOTENCHNOLOGY1.Biogas is mixture of CH4 and ______(a) CO2(b) H2(c) CO (d) NO22.Expand CASP. 3.RBC are used in(a) aerobic treatment (b) anaerobic treatment (c) nitrogen removal (d) none4.T. viridae used to remove ______.(a) Fe (b) Cu (c) Ni (d) None5.

Gibberella used in commercial scale to break down _______.6.F. solani to degrade _____(a) propane (b) DDT (c) parathione (d) none 7.Vitox system is a __________.(a) aerobic system (b) anaerobic system (c) mixture of both (d) None8.P. crysoporium degrades ______9.Waste water contribute organic and inorganic material to river water is called________.10. _______ is an ethanol producing bacteria. 11. Expand IFBBR.12. Cauriers used in CASP include ________.(a) Powdered activated charcoal (b) Iron particles (c) fibres (d) None13. ________ organism degrades 2,4,5-T(a) Pseudomonas fluorescence (b) E. coli (c) Pseudomonas cepacia(d) Flavobacterium14. Organism which produces H2 from waste is ______(a) Clostridium butyrium (b) Pseudomonas fluorescence (c) Vibriocholerae (d) None15. Support media in FBR includes ________(a) Plastics (b) Glass (c) None (d) Iron particles16. Expand NCST17. Camphor is degraded to _______(a) Lactonic acid (b) CO2+H2O (c) acetic acid + formic acid (d) None Page 35

3418. Benzaldehyde is degraded to _______19. Phenol at meta-cleavage degradation yields ______20. Trichloroethylene is degraded by _______.Short answers21. Mechanical treatment option for waste water.22. Activated study process.23. Trickling filters.24. Rotating biological contactors.25. Fluidised bed reactors.26. Contact digestors. Short Essay27. Use of microbes in pesticide waste disposal.28. Role of B.t. as a biopesticide.29. Ethanol production from biomass and lignocellulosic residues. 30. Biogas production from distillery waste. Long essay31. What are the various biological treatment methods for purification of municipal

sewage of industrial effluents. 32. Write an essay on production of bioenergy from waste stressing on varioussources of industrial and biomass waste. Page 36

35CHCCH2CCCOO-NH3BT3B04. BIOCHEMISTRY1. represents the structure ofa) Phenylalanineb) Methioninec) Iryptophand) Tyrosine2.Fatty acids are:a) hydrophobicb) hydrophilic c) amphipathicd) none of the above.3.An example for a cofactor isa) Zn2+b) Biotinc) NAD+d) Pyridoxal phosphate 4.Glycogen is a a) structural polysaccharideb) storage polysaccharidec) dissacharided) monosaccharide5.Molecular sewing is also calleda) Affinity chromatographyb) Adsorption chromatographyc) Electrophoresis d) Gel filtration chromatography 6.

SDS-PAGE is a method of separation of:a) Proteins b) DNAc) RNAd) Carbohydrates 6.Phosphodiester bonds are present in:a) Carbohydrates b) Nucleic acidsc) Proteins d) Lipids7.Ethidium bromide is a stain used to visualise a) Proteinb) RNAc) DNAd) None of the above8.Sucrose is composed ofa) Glucose and fructose b) Galactose and glucose c) Glucose and glucosed) Fructose and galactose 9.Lock & Key hypothesis was proposed by:a) Kuhneb) Emil Fischer c) Miachelis-Mentend) Buchner10. Example of a polar amino acida) Glycine b) Thereoninec) Aspartic acidd) Serine Page 37

3611. Pairs of stereoisomer that are not mirror images of each other are calleda) diasteroisomersb) enatiomersc) geometric isomers d) cis-trans isomers 12. ________ proteins have polypeptide chains that are arranged in long strandsor sheets:a) globularb) fibrousc) pleated sheet

d) β-tuan 13. Adipocytes and germinating seeds contain ________ enzyme that catalysethe hydrolysis of triacylglycerolsa) Ligaseb) Lipasec) Kinase d) Protease 14. Ceramide is the structural parent of a) Schingolipidsb) Phospholipids c) Steroidsd) None of the above15. Write down the function of an oxido-reductase enzyme.16. What are domains? 17. What is meant by an anomer? 18. Give the structure of any aromatic amino acid.19. What are reducing sugars? Give example. 20. Give structures of all the pyramidines found in nucleic acids. II.Short Answers21. What is meant by a 'zwilter ion'?22. Write down Henderson-Hasselbalch equation. 23. List out the essential fatty acids found in nature. 24. What are allosteric enzymes?25. What is the basis for separation in ion-exchange chromatography?26. What is a buffer? Give example. III.Short essay:27. Write the reaction of α-amino acids with ninhydrin.28. Briefly outline the classification of carbohydrates.29. What is meant by non-comparative inhibition?30. Write a short note on compound lipids. IV.Long essay:31. Derive Michaelis-Menten equation. Page 38

3732. Explain the four levels of organisation in proteins. BT3CO11. ENVIRONMENTAL BIOTECHNOLOGY1.Metabolism independent binding of heavy metals to living or dead cells arereferred to as _________(a) Fusarium solani (b) Aspergillus niger (c) Chlorella vulgaris(d) Zooglea ramigeron2.Organism which can remove uranium?

3.Organism which can remove silver from solution:4.Organism which can remove cadmium.5.Bisorbent-M involved in removal of ________.6.Polyanionic heteropolysaccharides produced by Acinetobacter calcoa7.Organism ..... degrades propanol8.Organism .... degrades baphthalene9.Organism ....degrades benzene.10. In activated slude method, activated sludge is mixed ..............11. Organism .. degrade phenol12. Parathion hydrolase is isolated from13. Expand CASP14. Support media in FBR includes ______.15. F. solani degrades ______.16.P. crysosperium degrades _________.17. Biogas is a mixture of CH4 and _______.18. Carriers used in CASP include ________.19.E. coli is ________ bacteria20. __________ is an ethanol producing bacteria. Short Answers21. Biodegradation of naphthalene.22. Problems associated with disposal of xenobiotic compounds. 23. Bioremediation for controlling oil spills.24. Cyanide degradation using fungi. Page 39

3825. Use of biosorption in leather industry.26. Advantages of bioremediation. Short Essay27. Current status of EBT.28. Bioventing29. Biodegradation of petrochemical effluents.30. Biosorption involving bacteria and fungi. Long Essay31. Write essay regarding biodegradation of embiotic compounds. 32. Types and advantages of bioremediation.Page 40

39

BT4BO6. MICROBIAL GENETICS1.Enzyme which reverts UV DNA damage.a)AP endonuclease b) Photolyase c) Exonuclease d)Photo convertase2.Which of the following is not alkylating agent a)EMS (eltyl methane sulphonate) b) Methyl methane sulphonatec)Dimeltyl sulphated)Diethyl amino ethane3.Who discovered transductiona)Zinder & Tatumb)F. Griffithc)Lederberg & Tatum d)Zinder & Laderberg4.Which are the following RNA viruses replicates through DNA intermediate.a)φx174 b) N13c) Hiv d) Hooper views5.What was the experimental system of Barbara Mc. Clintoka)Rice b) Wheat c) Tornato d) Maize6.Transposons integrates itself in the host genome througha)Homologous recombinationb)

Site specific recombinationc)Illegitimate recombinationd)None of the above7.What will be the state of F cells after conjugation with Hfra)F-b) F+c) Hfr d) F18.Which one of the following method is used for polasmid isolationa) Hot phenol methodb)Acidic phenol methodc) Alkaline lysis method d)All of the above9)Identity the type of miltation in following sequence.AUG AUCUVV UGA → AUG AUC UUA UGA1) Missense mutation2) Nonsense mutation3) Silent mutation 4) Suppressor mutation Page 41

4010) Termination suppressor mutation occurs in1) mRNA 2) DNAc) rRNAc) tRNA11) Natural competence occures in1) H. influenzae 2) E-coli 3) Corny bacterium4) Clostridium12) Copia elements are1) Eukaryotic transposons2) Viral transporous3) Prokaryotic transposous4) Plasmid vectors13) A Plasmid said to be relaxed becausea) It is linearb) It has high copy number

c) It will not have super coiling d) None of the above 14) Acrydine orange isa) Methylating agentb) Agent causing point nutationc) DNA intercalating agent d) Translational inhibitors agent15) Creutafeidt - Jakoh disease is due toa) Virusb) Prions c) Bacteria d) Viroids16)φ x 174 replicates througha) O mode b) Rolling circlec) Both d) None of the above17) Which one of the following has double stranded DNA a) Human papillona virus b) Parvovirusc) Rotavirus d) Corona virus18) Lytic condition is triggered due toa) UV exposure b) Abundant nutrientsc) λ repressord) None of the above19) What is the size of F plasmida) 200 kb b) 50 kbc) 5 kbd) 100 kb20) Through which receptor λ phage injects E-colia) Glucose receptorb) Maltose receptorc) Galactose receptord) Lactose receptorShort answerPage 42

411)Hfr2)Prions3)Reversion4)Missense mutation

5)AC/DC elementsShort answer1)Explain Aemes test and its significances2)Explain generalized transduction3)Classification of virus4)Give an account of different types of plasmid and its purification5)Explain the molecular mechanism of transformation6)Give an account of T4 phage life cycle.Long essay1)Explain different types of mutation and also give an account on chemicalmutagenesis.2)Explain different types of gene transfer in bacteria. BT4CO15. ENVIRONMENTAL BIOTECHNOLOGY1.Curing and preservation in tannery uses _____ & _______.(a) NaCl + Pentachlorophenyl (b) Alkyl phenyl + phenol (c) Acetate + CO2(d) None2.Degreasing is done with help of _______ enzyme.(a) Lipase (b) pectinase (c) lysozyme (d) None3.Microorganism which can leach olet chromium(a) Aspergillus oryzae (b) Aspergillus flavus (c) Penicillium (d) None4.'Ecopulpl x 200' is produced from fungus ______.5.Microbial desulfonation is used for _______.6.Pineapple wastes are used for SCP production using _______(a) ethanol (b) methanol (c) H2 (d) None7.Org: c' growth on waste water of soybean and curd.8.Organism which degrades trichloroethylene. Page 43

42

9.Degraded end pelts of VOC's are ______, ________ & _______.10. Aerobic degradation of mercaptoethanol by ________.11. Aerobic degradation of butyraldehyde by _______.12. Aerobic degradation of methyl chloride by ______.13. Degradation product of camphor14. Degradation product of Benzaldehyde15. Degradation product of phenol at ortho-cleavage16. Degradation product of dimethylamines mediated by _______ enzyme.17. Organism which degrades propanol.18. Cadmium is removed by ________ organism.19. Expand IFBBR.20. 2,4,5-T is degraded byShort answers21. Biotechnological application in tannery industry.22. Biotechnological application in pulp industry.23. Biotechnological application in distillery industry.24. Use of immobilised enzymes for pesticide degradation. 25. Use of fungi for pesticide degradation. 26. Use of bacteria for pesticide degradation. Short essay27. Bioscrubbers28. SCP from biomass.29. Biopols30. Biolac.Long essay31. Biotechnological application for pesticide waste disposal with specific casestudies using bacteria and fungi.32. Biotechnological applications in distillary, tannery and pulp industry.BT5B08. CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY1.Which class of topoisomerase is DNA gyrase? Page 44

43(Type I, Type II, Type III, Type IV)2.Which phosphoglyceride in plasma membrane has no net electric change?(a) cholesterol(b) phosphatidyl choline(c) sphingolipid(d) phosphatidyl inositol3.Which type of cell junction mediates attachment of cells and their cytoskeletonto their neighbours or ECM?(a) Occluding (b) Gap

(c) Ahdering(d) None of the above.4.Absorbance max of nitrogenous bases in nucleic acid is _____(< 200 nm, 260 nm, 560 nm, 700 < )5.Which enzyme mediates base excision repair(Methylane, pectivase, Amylase, DNA glycolyase) 6.Which conformation is called the "wet" form of DNA?(A-DNA, B-DNA, C-DNA, Z-DNA).7.σ70 subunits binds to which promotor region?(-20, -10, -50, -100)8.Microtubular motors are:(a) kinesin(b) dyenin(c) both a & b(d) only a9.Diameter of microfilaments:(a) 8 nm(b) 0.1 – 1 nm(c) 2-5 nm(d) 11 – 20 nm10. Lagging strand is synthesised in which direction?(a) 5' → 3' (b) 3' → 5' (c) None of the above (d) both a and b11. Another name for C4 pathway(a) Hatch Slack(b) Calvin(d) EMB pathway(c) Krebs12. Porins are : _________13. Action of DMS on dsDNA?(Acylation, hydroxylation, methylation, none)14. Proteins are synthesised from ________ terminal to ______ terminal(-NH2, COO–; COO–, NH2; CO2, NH4+; None) Page 45

4415. Satellite DNA contain short sequences of ________ repeat in vast number?(5-100 bp, 100-1000 bp, 1000-5000 bp, 5000 above).16. Reaction centres of PS I & PS II are respectively(a) P680 & P700(b) P700 & P680

(c) P500 & P680(d) P680 & P75017. The 3C intermediate identified in C3 pathway:(a) 3-phosplhoglyceraste(b) 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate(c) Fructose-3-PO4(d) Fructose-6-PO418. Who got Nobel prize for 'gene expression'?19. Pribnow box.20. Which is the splice site?[GATC, GUAG, TATA, TAAT]Short Answer21. Which are the enzymes coded by lac operon?22. What is syncytium?23. Spliceosoma complex. 24. Amber Mutation.25. Explain prometaphase.26. What are MAPs?Short Essay27. Explain Holiday model of recombination28. Explain SNARE hypothesis.29. Mode of action of G-linked proteins.30. Explain splicing mechanisms.Long Essay31. Comment on molecular aspects of cell cycle.32. Explain the semi conservative model of DNA replication.BT5BO9. IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOTECHNOLOGY1.A patient with Grave disease produce auto-antibodies against Page 46

45a. Receptor for TSHb. Acetyl choline receptorc. RBCd. IgG2.Asthma related Hyper sensitivity isa. Type Ib. Type 2c. Type 3d. Type 43.Which of the following is a secondary lymphoid organa. Bonemarrowb. Thymusc. Spleen

d. Thyroid4.The term epitope denotes the part ofa. Antigenb. Antibodyc. Lymphoid organsd. antigen + Antibody5.An example for pentamer antibody isa. IgGb. IgAc. IgD d. IgM6.Western blotting technique is used to analyse a. DNAb. Proteinc. RNAd. Lipids7.Paractine action of cytokines on Immune cells refers toa. Self activationb. Activation of distant cellsc. Activation of cells in close proximityd. High activation8.T cells originates froma. Bone marrowb. Thymus c. Spleend. Lymph node9.Hyper variable regions are located in a. Only Heavy chainb. Only light chainc. Heavy and light chain d. Fc region10. Immunoglobulin with 4 constant region domain in its heavy chain.a. IgMb. IgAc. IgGd. IgD11. Agglutinins area. Antibodiesb. Antigenc. Glycolipids

d. RBC's12. DNA vaccines cannot be used to delivera. Protein Antigenb. Polysaccharide antigen Page 47

46c. Cytokinesd. Visual proteins13. Idio typic determinants arise froma. Variable regionb. Constant regionc. Hinge regiond. Light chain constant region14. Avidity is higher fora. IgGb. IgMc. IgDd. IgE15. The first line of defence against infection isa. Innate immunityb. Acquired immunityc. Humoral immunity d. Vaccination16. Antibodies are produced bya. T-cellsb. Macrophagesc. Plasma cellsd. Dendrite cells17. The cell that play an important role in allergic reaction isa. Mast cellb. RBCc. CD8 cellsd. NK cells18. Eosinophills are distinguished bya. Acid stainb. Basic stainc. Both acid and basic stainsd. None of the above19. Administration of antivenom is a type ofa. Active immunization b. Passive immunization c. Attenuated vaccine d. Killed vaccines20. Proto oncogenes area. Normal genesb. Cancerous gene

c. Viral genesd. Over expressed genes21. Write short note son ADCC22. Anaphylatic shock23. Phagosome24. Complementarity determining region25. Superantigens26. ToleranceShort essayPage 48

4727. Discuss the principle of ELISA technique and its application.28. Give an account on anto immune disease29. Give an account of oncogenes and cancer induction30. Describe the principle of Monoclonal antibody production.Long essay31. Explain the detailed structure of Immunoglobulin IgG32 . Discuss the strategy of production of recombinant vector vaccines.Page 49

48BT5B10. BIOPROCESS TECHNOLOGY1.Which one is an organic acid:a) Butanolb) Vinegarc) Ethanold) Vitamin B 12.2.Low volume high value producta) Ethanolb) Bakers yeastc) Acetic acidd) Vaccines3.Which one is a down stream processing techniquea) Media optimisationb) Strain improvementc) Sterlizationd) drying4.Antifungal antibiotica) Pencillinb) Nystatinc) Streptomycind) Tetracycline5.

Protein component in the medium is usually responsible for production of_______ in the fermentor(ans : joam)6.Leather industry uses __________ enzyme (ans: protease)7.Ethanol is a _______ metabolite (ans: primary)8.Giant colony inhibition spectrum used as a __________ screening technique(ans: secondary)9.Spiral heat exchanges are _________ heat exchanger (ans: indirect)10. The core group in pencillin is _________ group (ans: β-lactose)11. Capsicin is a _________ plant metabolite (ans: secondary)12. Roller bottles is used for _________ cell culture (ans: animal)13. Baffle is used for prevention of _______ in fermentors (ans: Vortex)14. Invertase enzyme is used to convert sucrose to glucose and _____ (ans: fructose)15. UV is used as a mutating agent since it induces ________ DNA (ans: thymine dimers)16. Sulfite waste liquor is a byproduct of _______ industry (ans: paper)17. Soybean meal is used as a _____ source in industrial fermentation (ans: nitrogen) Page 50

4918. Streptokinase is an enzyme used for removing ______ in a patient (ans: blood clots)19. Viblastine is extracted from _______ (vinca, rosea)20. Air-left fermentors are more suitable for __________ organisms (ans: filamentous)Short answer 21. Methods of cell disruption22. Immobilisation of enzymes23. Fed batch fermentation24. Batch sterlisation of media25. Inoculum preparation26. Protoplast fusion for strain improvementShort essay 27. What are the different methods of cells separation.28. Aerobic waste water treatment29. Various methods of drying of biologicals30. Media preparation for large scale fermentation process.Long essay 31. Synthesis of Penicillin32. Various strategies employed in microbial screening.Page 51

50BT5D01.FOOD MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY1.Meat spoilage causes change in pH towards ________ from neutral pH.2.Sodium benzoate is used as a _______.3.Rennet is used in production of __________.(milk, cheese, butter, curd)4.Pectinase is used in ______ beer industry.5._________ is a malted beverage(beer, wine, alcohol, cocoa)6.________ is a oriental food (vanilla, soy sauce, green olives, pickles).7.________ is used as flavour enhances ... is a derivative of glutamic acid(Ajinamotto, Sucrase, Mable syrup, None)8.A. niger is used in production of _______(lactic acid, citric aci, butyric acid, alcohol).9.Glucose oxidase is produced by _________.10. Citric acid is a:(a) antibiotic(b) vitamin(c) organic acid(d) alcoholic beverage 11. Sodium propionate is used as a _______.12. Ethylene oxide is used as a _______.13. Bread mold is ______. (Rhizoplus, Mucosa, Absidia, Oomycetos)14. Botulism is caused by _______(E. coli, Clostridium boutili, Salmonella typhi, None)15. Temperature of a refrigerator is usually between 0 and _____.(25, 10, 50, 100)16. Name a mold of industrial importance(E. coli, Aspergillus, Streptococci, Mycobacterium).17. Source of dextransucrase.18. Flash method of sterilisation is ______(High time low temp., High temp low time, Equal time & temp., None) Page 52

5119. Simmering is _______.

20. Pressurized packed food uses the gases ______.Short Answers:21. Single cell protein.22. Redox potential. 23. Inhibitory substances in food.24. Identification of molds of industrial importance. 25. Chemical changes caused by microorganisms in food.26. Preservation of foods using high temperature. Short Essay27. Production of microbial enzymes.28. Production of fats and amino acids from micro organism.29. Fermented dairy products.30. Fermented vegetables. Long Essay31. General principles underlying spoilage of food. What are the factors affectinggrowth of micro organism in food.32. Essay on fermented foods. Page 53

52BT6B14. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY1.Name the person whose is aptly regarded as the father of plant tissue culture.(a) Gottlieb Huberlandt (b) Charles Darwin (c) Skoog (d) Miller2.Name the person who demonstrated the possibility of raising haploid plantsfrom pollen grains of Datura innoxia(a) Zenkteler (b) Guhas and Maeshwari (c) Carlson (d) None of the above3.Most commonly word media for plant tissue culture is(a) Murachige and Skoog Media (b) White media (c) B5 Media (d)WPM media4.Most commonly used carbon source(a) Mannitol (b) Sorbitol (c) Sucrose (d) None of the above5.

The hormone most commonly used to induce rooting under in vitro conditions(a) IBA(b) BAP(c) 2,4-D(d) None of above6.The culture technique used for obtaining virus free plants(a) Anther culture(b) Callus culture(c) Meristem culture(d) Pollen culture7.The viability staining technique used to stain dead cells is (a) FXA method(b) Evan's blue staining(c) Gram's staining(d) None of these8.The embryos found from unfertilized eggs are known as (a) Somatic embryo(b) Parthenogentic embryo(c) Zygotic embryo(d) Androgentic embryos9.Triploid production includes the invitro culture of(a) Anther(b) embryo(c) Endosperm(d) Apical bud10. In Planta transformation was done in the plant species(a) Datura innoxia(b) Arabidopsis thaliana Page 54

53(d) Popular tremuloides(d) Rianus communis11. Name the chemical used as a fusogen(a) IBA(b) CaNO3(c) PEN(d) Sucrose12. The phenomenon of browning of medium can be reduced by(a) ABA(b) PVP(c) Na2EDTA(d) KInetin

13. An organism or cell line resulting from a cross between parents that aregenetically unlike is __________________________ (Hybrid)14. The name adopted for an apparatus designed for the semi continuouschemostat culture of plant cells is __________ (phytostat)15. The deletion of genes governing auxin and cytokinin production from T-DNAof a Tiplaonlid is known as ___________ (disarming)16. Transgeic formation have been produced whcih contain antisense construct ofgene encoding _______________ (Polyglactwonace)17. The bacterial used to induce hairy roots in plant cells in(a) Agrobacterium rhizogenes(b) B.thuringiensis(c) Agrobactericine(d) None of these18. The heat labile compounds are sterilised by(a) Dry heat sterilization(b) Moist heat sterilization(c) Filter sterlization(d) None of these19. The most commonly used cryoprotectant is(a) Ethanol(b) DMSO(c) PEG(d) PVP20. The most commonly used plant virus vector is(a) CaMV(b) Sv 40(c) Retrovirus(d) None of the aboveII. Short Answer21. Define cybrids22. Most commonly used surface sterilizing agent used in plant tissue culture is__________________.23. What do you mean by synthetic seed?24. Name a method adopted for production of raplids.25. Define somadonal variation. Page 55

5426. Define explant.III. Short Essay27. Explain protoplast fusion techniques.28. Differentiate between somatic embryo and zygotic embryo.29. Explain Biolistic method of gene transfer.30. Detailed note on gene sanctories.IV. Long Essay31. Explain somatic embryogenesis. Add a note on the applications is plant tissueculture.

32. Explain Micropropagation including stage and applications is plant tissueculture.BT6B15. ANIMAL BIOTECHNOLOGY1.An example for animal tissue culture medium (MS, B5, DME, Whites).2.HAT medium is used for _______ isolation(Mouse cells, Hybrid cell, Tumor cell).3.A chemical used for somatic cell fusion(CaCl2, PEG, Sucrose, Now).4.Culture vessel used for monolayer culture(Air life fermenter, Rourbottle, Stirrer bioreactor, None)5.An example for cryoprotectant(H2S, H2O, liq. N2, None)6.Interleukins are produced from _____(B-cell, T-cell, Mast cells, None)7.Animal virus vector ________(Gemini, CMC, SV40, Now)8.Heat labile substances are sterilized by ______(Hot air oven, Boiling, Filtration, None)9.Dead cells absorb ________(Acetocarmine, Evan's blue, Co-marsibrilliant blue, Methylene blue)10. Enzyme used for disaagregation of explant(pectinae, collagenase, amylase, none)11. Electrofusion method was developed by _______ Page 56

5512. In short ....... method, on which particle T-DNA is coated?13. An example for tissue engineering. 14. FACS.15. Expand ATCC.16. p53 gene is _________.17. SCID is caused due to ______ mutation.18. Molecules which absorbs light of one wave length and emit light at a longerwave length. They are _______.19. Substrates used for ATC are ______ charged.20. Expand HGPRT. 21. Principle of electroporation.

22. What do you meant by bioforming?23. Differentiate between ancorage dependent and independent.24. Hormones and growth factors in animal tissue culture. 25. pH meter.26. Culture vessel used in ATC.27. Methods of cryopreservation and its stages.28. Laboratory organization for animal tissue culture. 29. Media components for animal tissue culture.30. Use of hemocytomatics in animal tissue culture. Describe its components. 31. Write a short note on transgenic animals.32. Types of animal viral vectors. Page 57

56BT6B16.. RECOMBINANT DNA TECHNOLOGY1.Which of the following is a shuttle vectora) ρBR322b) YEPc) ρuc18d) YIP2.A single stranded filamentors phage vectora) φλB) M13c) pGV 3850d) None of these3.A recombinant clone selected on X-Gal IPTG medium shows ____ coloniesa) Blueb) Whitec) Redd) None of the above4.Transfer of RNA from agarose gel to nitrocellulose membrane can beperformed bya) Southern blottingb) Northern blottingc) Western blottingd) None of the above5.Taw polymerase used in polymerase chain reaction is a type of _______a) DNA polymerase Ib) DNA polymerase IIIc) RNA polymerased) None of the above6.

A hexameric cuttera) ECORIb) San 3A c) Taq I(d) Hal III7.Modified DNA polymerase I devoid of nuclease activity is called asa) Klenow fragmentb) Okazaki fragmentc) Reverse transcriptased) None of these8.A plast DNA viral vectora) Sv40,b) Gemini virus vectorsc) Retroviral vectord) Baeuloviral vector9.Oneogenicity of T1 plasmic in Agrobacterium tremefacium is due to thepresence of ___________a) Vir genesb) T DNAc) border sequencesd) None of the above10. An enzyme that produces negative super coils in covalently closed circularDNA Page 58

57a) Endonucleaseb) Topoisomerasec) ligused) Alkaline phosphatase11. Process of introduction of recombinant phase molecules in competent E. colicells is known asa) Transformationb) conjugationc) Tranfectiond) None of the above12. ______ is an enzyme used in non-radioactive hybridization probing.a) horse radish perodidaseb) alkalinem phosphatasec) polynucleolic kinased) Topiosomerase13. Insecticidal crystalline protiens in B.thuringiensisa) β-endotoxinb) δ endotoxin

c) δ exotoxind) α endotoxin14. The nucleolide sequence upstream of a gene that acts as a signal for RNApolymerase binding.a) Primera) Promoterc) Probed) Linker15. A synthetic double stranded oligonucleotide used to attach sticky ends to ablunt ended molcule.a) Adaptorb) Markerc) Kelnow fragmentd) None of the above16. A technique used to construct a cline contg. by identifying overlappingfragments of cloud DNA.a) PCRb) Chromosome walkingc) RAPDd) None of the above17. TOL plasmid of Pseudomonas putida is aa) Resistance plasmidb) Virulance plasmidc) Degradative plasmidd) Col plasmic18. A spi –ve λφ grows ona) Rec –ve hostb) Rec +ve hostc) Both A & Bd) None of the above19. Denaturation temperature in polymerase chain reactiona) 600b) 940c) 760d) None of the above Page 59

5820. A plasmid capable integrating into host cells chromosomea) Episomeb) Transposonc) Cloned) None of the aboveShort Answers21. 2µm plasmids22. Polylinkers23. Cosmids

24. What are phagemids25. Homopolymeric toiling.26. Insertional inactivationShort Essays27. Sanger['s method of DNA sequencing28. Types of restriction endonucleasis.29. Eukaryotic gene cloning vector30. What are complementary DNA's ? Exlaing the construciton of a. CDNAlibrary.Long Essays31. Explain the cloning of a Prokaryote gene in a eukaryotic system.32. Explain the application of recombinant DNA technology in agriculture andmedicinie? Page 60

59BT6B16. MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY(Elective course)1._________ cells produce Antibodies(B-cells, T-cells, Lymphocytes, None of the above).2.Clostridium is a strict ________ bacteria.(aerobic, anaerobic, facultative, none)3.Vibrio causes _______(cholera, typhoid, diphtheria, rabies)4.Hepatitis causes _______ damage. 5.AIDS virus contain _______ as the genetic material(RNA, DNA, SSRNA, dsRNA)6.Rhabdo viruses are ________ shaped(linear, bullet, supracoiled, round)7.WIDAL test is used for diagnosis of ___________(typhoid, cholera, rabies, HIV)8.Negri bodies is indication of ________.9.β-propiolactone is used as a _____.10. Papilonia virus is a _______ virus.11. Herpes virus is a _______ virus (DNA, RNA, ssRNA, dsRNA)12. Expand HTLB13. HSV2 causes _________.14. V-Src is a _________.

15. GP-120 protein is found in _________.16. Confirmatory test for HIV is ________.(EUSA, Western blot, Karpa's test, Northean blot)17. Thymus is located behind ________(sternum, larynx, medulla, spleen)18. Largest lymphoid organ is __________(olymphanode, spleen, thymus, bone marrow)19. Expand MHC.20. Expand CMI. Page 61

60Short Answer21. Nasocomial infection22. Antimicrobial therapy23. AIDS24. Immunoprophylaxis25. Immunotherapy26. HepatitisShort Essay27. Cholera28. Tuberculosis29. Glomerular nephritis30. Diseases caused by Staphylococcus.Long Essay31. Write an essay regarding identification procedures for various pathogenicbacteria and fungi.32. Write a detailed essay regarding structure of function of immune system.