this briefing is unclassified

This Briefing is UNCLASSIFIED

Lt Gen Willie Shelton 14 AF (AFSTRAT)/CC3 December 2008

Fourteenth Air ForceFourteenth Air ForceTechnology … the enabler of SSATechnology … the enabler of SSA

14th Air Force(Air Forces Strategic)

This Briefing is UNCLASSIFIED

Integrity – Service - Excellence

UNCLASSIFIED

• Component-NAF to USSTRATCOM & JFCC SPACE for space operations

• Plan, task, direct, synchronize & execute space operations including:

• C2 of assigned & attached Space Forces • Space Superiority• Space Situational Awareness & Missile Warning• Satellite & Network Operations• Space Launch & Range Operations

• Organize, Train, & Assure Readiness of Space Forces

• Support AEF Deployments

2

CONTROL AND EXPLOIT CONTROL AND EXPLOIT SPACE FOR GLOBAL AND SPACE FOR GLOBAL AND

THEATER OPERATIONSTHEATER OPERATIONS

14 AF (AFSTRAT) Mission

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ARSTRATARSTRAT NAVNETWARCOMNAVNETWARCOM

Horizontal& VerticalIntegration

SynergizedTactical

Execution

JSpOCJSpOC614 AOC614 AOC

SPACE WINGSSPACE WINGS

AFSPCAFSPC(COMAFFOR)(COMAFFOR)

14 AF 14 AF (AFSTRAT)(AFSTRAT)

Reachback

Command/Support Relationships

Direct Support

Supporting &

Supported

JF

SO

CC

JF

SO

CC

JF

MC

CJ

FM

CC

JF

LC

CJ

FL

CC

Assigned / AttachedAssigned / Attached ForcesForces



GeographicGeographicCOCOMCOCOM



JAOCJAOC

JFACCJFACC


DIRSPACEFORDIRSPACEFOR

JFCJFC

GeographicGeographicCombatantCombatant

CDRsCDRs

* Assuming JFC Delegates SCA to JFACC

SpaceCoordinating

AuthoritySpace

CoordinatingAuthority*

614 AOC614 AOC

14 AF 14 AF (AFSTRAT)(AFSTRAT)

USSTRATCOMUSSTRATCOM


JFCC SPACEJFCC SPACE

3

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Scenario # 1

• Nation X covertly rolls out mobile TEL w/ booster• US not postured due to lack of I&W

• First warning: DSP satellites• What is it? Where is it going?

• Further tracking: space launch• Is it a threat to US/Allied spacecraft?

• Booster burnout, tracking ends

• No radar coverage, so how do we proceed?

• Phone conversations to verify health of assets

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Scenario # 2

• High value US LEO spacecraft suddenly stops transmitting

• Telemetry indicates quick rise in temp just prior

• Further analysis: spacecraft was over Nation Y laser research facility at time of failure

• Challenge: Anomaly or laser attack? Accident?

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Scenario # 3

• US satellite in HEO is a “no-show” at scheduled tracking time

• Over open ocean after last SSN track

• Multiple pieces later tracked

• Questions: Explosion? Attack? Debris?

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~1957-61

The Space Environment

Today~2025

Evolution from few, military only assets to many, multi-agency, civil assetsEvolution from few, military only assets to many, multi-agency, civil assets

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“Traffic Management” Example

Routine orbital conjunction screening revealed possible conjunction between an active US Weather Satellite and a piece of debris of unknown origin

Close conjunction predicted for 7 Aug 08

– 42 meter predicted miss distance

– Approx 14,400 MPH closing velocity of the approach

– Satellite did not have capability to perform collision avoidance maneuvers

Post-event analysis shows final miss distance at time of closest approach only 67 meters

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Space utilization is growing, increasing exposure to hazards within the medium, while technology drives the threat– Access to space is cheaper & more widely available

– Space is more crowded than ever (18,000+ man-made objects, including debris)

– Improved & smaller spacecraft technologies provide challenges

– Jamming, attacks on ground sites, ASATs, High Energy Lasers, NUDETs

Need for Protection (Dependence and Risk Vulnerability)

“United States national security is critically dependent on space capabilities, and this dependence will grow.” National Space Policy, 2006

Protection is about Preservation—requires Recognition & Attribution– Must be able to say an event “will, is or has” & answer “who, what (threat or

hazard), why, how, when & where”

– Early recognition allows preservation—attribution enables response

DemandPROTECTIONPROTECTIONof Space Assetsof Space AssetsCreate

OPERATIONAL & OPERATIONAL & PHYSICAL PHYSICAL

VULNERABILITIES VULNERABILITIES

DEPENDENCE DEPENDENCE on Space Assetson Space Assets

INCREASING RISKINCREASING RISKfrom Environmental Hazardsfrom Environmental Hazards

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Space ControlSpace ControlSSASSADCSDCS OCSOCS

Space Force Enhancement

Space Force Enhancement

Spc WX

Spc WX

ISRISR

PNT

PNT

SATC

OM

SATC

OM

Spac

e Su

ppor

t

Spac

e Su

ppor

t

Laun

ch

Laun

ch

TT&

CTT

&C

C2C2

SPACE SITUATIONAL AWARENESSSPACE SITUATIONAL AWARENESSIntelligenceIntelligence

SpaceSpaceSurveillanceSurveillance

SystemSystemStatusStatus

EnvironmentEnvironment

SPACECAPABILITIES

CREATE EFFECTS

SPACECAPABILITIES

CREATE EFFECTS

TO ACHIEVESPACE SUPERIORITY

TO ACHIEVESPACE SUPERIORITY

Enabling Space Superiority

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CombatantCmdr ReqsCombatantCmdr Reqs

Diplomatic Actions

Protect Assets

Maneuver Assets

ChangeTasking

Eliminate Threat

Go on Alert

Continue to Monitor

Diplomatic Actions

Protect Assets

Maneuver Assets

ChangeTasking

Eliminate Threat

Go on Alert

Continue to MonitorC

OL

LA

BO

RA

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Att

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nts

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ecis

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Vision for SSA/Space C2

Nea

r R

eal-

tim

e F

usi

on

Nea

r R

eal-

tim

e F

usi

on

BLUE SPACEBLUE SPACE

RED SPACERED SPACE

GRAY SPACEGRAY SPACE

INTEL (All Source)INTEL (All Source)

WEATHERWEATHER

METRIC / SURVMETRIC / SURV

GRND SYSGRND SYS

LINKS & NODESLINKS & NODES

TA

CT

ICA

LC

OA

TO

OL

ST

AC

TIC

AL

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SE

FU

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SP

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SP

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NE

TC

EN

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2 C

AP

AB

ILIT

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NE

TC

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2 C

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Net-centric from the outsetNet-centric from the outset

STRATEGIC UDOPSTRATEGIC UDOP

TACTICAL UDOPTACTICAL UDOP

RE

AL

TIM

E U

PD

AT

ES

RE

AL

TIM

E U

PD

AT

ES

OPERATIONAL UDOPOPERATIONAL UDOP

DATADATA becomes INFORMATIONbecomes INFORMATION that ENABLES ACTION that ENABLES ACTION

11

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JSpOCJSpOC

Space Space Situational Situational AwarenessAwareness

Command Command and and

ControlControl

• WeatherWeather• Blue Space PictureBlue Space Picture• Red/Grey PictureRed/Grey Picture• Debris TrackingDebris Tracking

Shared Situational AwarenessShared Situational Awareness• Strategic, Operational, TacticalStrategic, Operational, Tactical• Enable UDOPEnable UDOP

COCOM Needs COCOM Needs

COA Development COA Development

COA SelectionCOA Selection

Execution AssessmentExecution Assessment

RetaskingRetasking

Offensive CounterspaceOffensive Counterspace• Tactical Units (Joint)Tactical Units (Joint)• Deny Space AdvantagesDeny Space Advantages

Defensive CounterspaceDefensive Counterspace• Tactical Units (Joint)Tactical Units (Joint)• NRONRO• Civil/CommercialCivil/Commercial• AlliesAllies

Routine Space OpsRoutine Space Ops• Tactical Units (Joint)Tactical Units (Joint)• Create Desired EffectsCreate Desired Effects• Dynamic TaskingDynamic Tasking

Space Ops Directive Space Ops Directive Master Space Plan Master Space Plan

Joint Space Tasking Order Joint Space Tasking Order

JFCC SPACE Synchronization

I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e

Mission Partner interface

MonitorMonitor

AssessAssessPlanPlan

ExecuteExecute

JSpOC

JFCC SPACE supports National, Strategic, Theater, and Tactical Operations

•AFSPC NRO•NOAA DIA•AFWA FAA•US DOT DOS•CFE NORAD•STRAT COCOMS•ARMY NAVY•CIA NSA•NGA NASA •FOREIGN NASIC•COMMERCIAL•SPECIAL

UNCLASSIFIED

Conclusion

Threats are real and exist today!

SSASSA

Conjunction analysis Satellite OpsLaunch Ops Threat Determination

Robust, all-source Intel+

High resolution, timely space surveillance

= Enabling SSA

Pre-season is over – regular season has begun

UNCLASSIFIED 15

this briefing is unclassified

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