Thinking Critically about Gendered Social Relationships and Social Mobility• In gendered social relationships women as a group are

disadvantaged – a public issue which shapes private troubles

• how do those in gendered social relationships have differential access to resources?

• collecting relevant background information – men’s & women’s experiences with labour are different

• Identify or distinguish – advantages & disadvantages of this difference

• evaluate how gendered social relationships shape social mobility

LO 3

Social Mobility, Social Inequality, and Social Stratification: Women and Labour• Women’s equality is growing• 2 reasons:• 1. economic changes encourage equal participation in the home and the public sphere 2. the women’s movement has ensured women are treated equally & given equal opportunities • Industrialization increases demand for specialization

& education• requires more knowledge & skill

LO 3

Social Mobility, Social Inequality, and Social Stratification: Women and Labour• skill and ability become more important than

ascribed social status• in post-industrial economy (1950’s) information-

based jobs grew dramatically while resource-based jobs decreased

• women are overrepresented in information-based jobs

• men moved into these jobs due to loss of resource-based jobs

LO 3

Social Mobility, Social Inequality, and Social Stratification: Women and Labour• as men take on more part-time, contract work means

women must do more paid work to contribute to family income

• men are more likely to engage in unpaid domestic labour & value it

• women’s increased economic participation means more authority & power inside and outside the home

LO 3

Social Mobility, Social Inequality, and Social Stratification: Women and Labour• Feminist movement was intellectual, academic,

social & political movement for change• 2 goals:• 1. eliminating differential treatment of men & women in public & private spheres 2. valuing men’s & women’s different skills, characteristics, qualities and capacities equally

LO 3

Social Mobility, Social Inequality, and Social Stratification: Women and Labour• academic, grassroots organizations, levels of

government worked towards these goals through education & advocating for change

eg. childcare subsidies• change in hiring practices• more representation of women in gov’t & employment• employment discrimination law• furthuring accomplishments of women

LO 3

Social Mobility, Social Inequality, and Social Stratification: Women and Labour• women’s increased participation in & politics & paid

labour provided access to valuable resources, experience – thus social power grew

• Important – women do not experience anything near full equality compared to men

• Canada is gendered• unequal access is a characteristic of groups • there will always be individual women with more

access to resources than individual men (female CEO’s)

LO 3

Social Mobility, Social Inequality, and Social Stratification: Women and Labour• blue collar work – early 1900’s - 33% of women &

33% of men• 1960’s – 13% of women & 43% of men - men moved into white collar work while women were barred• pink collar work - 1930’s women moved into service

occupations• women increased education in 1960’s & worked in

information technologies

LO 3

Social Mobility, Social Inequality, and Social Stratification: Women and Labour• Yet – women’s experiences in these jobs are unequal• in Canada’s post-industrial economy:• men concentrated in 10 highest paid jobs• women concentrated in 2 lowest paying jobs• women earn less for doing the same kind of work,

more likely to work part-time (lower wages, fewer benefits, likely seasonal, temporary, non-unionized)

• part-time work = poverty

LO 3

Social Mobility, Social Inequality, and Social Stratification: Women and Labour• Unpaid labour – work activities that do not earn

income (care-giving, housework, volunteer)• women do more than men• gendered nature of unpaid labour continues when

women work full-time• second shift: women finish full-time paid work and

go home to full-time job of unpaid labour

LO 3

Social Mobility, Social Inequality, and Social Stratification: Women and Labour• 4 points:• 1. women still earn less than men• 2. women are concentrated in pink-collar jobs (less income, less prestige)• 3. women are more likely to work part-time (less pay, less secure, less advancement• 4. women do disproportionate amount of unpaid labour

• Gendered Division of Labour – women as a group occupy a subordinate position although their participation in paid labour and access to resources has increased

LO 3