things that make us sick. chapter 21 eukaryotes anything that can’t be classified as a plant,...
TRANSCRIPT
What is a Protist?
Eukaryotes Anything that can’t
be classified as a plant, animal, or fungi
Unicellular and multicellular
200,000 species Classified by what
they are most closely related to
Animal-like Protists
Zooflagellates: Move by using flagella
Sarcodines: Move by pseudopods (false feet/temporary projections of cytoplasm)
Animal-like Protists
Ciliates: Move by cilia (short hairlike projections)
Sporozoans: can’t move on their own
Plant-like Protists Contain chlorophyll or accessory
pigments Carry out photosynthesis Able to move 4 Phyla of Unicellular Algae
Plant-like Protist Phylums
Euglenophytes: 2 flagella, no cell wall
Dinoflagellates: Cellulose cell wall
Plant-like Protist Phylums
Chrysophytes: bright yellow pigments
Diatoms (bacillariophyta): silica (glass) in cell walls
Malaria Plasmodium falciparum Transferred to humans by
mosquito bites Occurs mostly in tropical
areas The protist attacks red
blood cells and destroys them
Fever, achy, tired, anemia, jaundice,coma, death
Vaccinations available
Amoebic Dysentery amoeba called
Entamoeba histolytica Passed through
unsanitary food or water
Stomach cramps, diaherria, bloody stools, fever, weight loss
Boil water and only eat peeled fruits
Reason you “Don’t Drink the Water in Mexico”
Leishmaniasis
Leishmaniasis protozoan Transferred by sand flies Prevalent in the Middle East,
Africa, and Mexico Skin sores, fever, weight
loss, enlargement of the spleen and liver, and anemia
No vaccination available
Toxoplasmosis Toxoplasma gondii Transferred by unsanitary
food and water and cat feces
Usually not symptomatic; elderly, young, and pregnant will develop symptoms that could be fatal
Wear gloves when cleaning kitty liter
Giardiasis Giardia intestinalis most common
causes of waterborne disease in the USA
diarrhea, stomach cramps, and upset stomach
Prevalent in hikers and backpackers who don’t sanitize their water correctly (iodine, filter, boiling)
What is a fungus?
Eukaryotic Heterotrophs
Chitin (hard carbohydrate) in cell wall
Over 100,000 species
Groups of Fungus
Club Fungi: have a large fruiting body called a mushroom
Imperfect Fungi: they don’t belong in any other category
Athlete’s Foot
tinea pedis shoes create a warm, dark,
and humid environment which encourages fungus growth
drying skin, itching scaling, inflammation, and blisters
Treatment = fungal creams Prevention = keep feet dry
Ringworm Tinea corporis Symptoms: Circular,
itching skin rash -- red, raised, scaly patches that may blister and ooze
Highly contagious from other people and animals
Treatment = fungal creams and pills
Oral Thrush
yeast fungus: Candida albicans
Occurs in 50% of the population w/o symptoms
Symptoms occur with a change in mouth chemistry
Symptoms: White, cream colored, or yellow spots
Antifungal drugs and hydrogen peroxide rinses
Sporotrichosis Sporothrix schenckii Spreads through contact
with thorny plants, sphagnum moss, or baled hay
Symptoms: bumps and lesions similar to insect bites
Treatment = anti-fungal drugs
Prevention = wear gloves when gardening
Types of Flatworms
Turbellaria free-living, marine or fresh
water,live on the bottom (sand, rocks, shells)
Flukes parasitic (external or
internal) Tapeworms
long and flat infect digestive tract
Tapeworms
Taenia saginata andTaenia solium
Acquire eggs through raw or uncooked beef
Eggs grow into long, flat worms that live in the intestine and feed off of your food
Symptoms: extreme weight loss, stomach pains, diarrhea
Blood Flukes
Schistosoma Eggs spread by drinking
unsanitary water and skin contact
Eggs grow into blood flukes, that feed off of blood cells
Symptoms: rash, stunted grow, anemia
Asian Liver Flukes Opisthorchis viverrini Eggs spread through
uncooked fish Flukes infect the
pancreas, bile ducts, liver, and gall bladder
Symptoms: swelling of the abdomen, stomach pains, diarrhea, cancer?
Swimmer’s Itch
• schistosome cercarial• Spreads by infected
snails and birds• Common in most
Michigan inland lakes• Symptoms: itchy red
spots• Prevention: rinse off with
clean water after swimming
Human Diseases
Filarial Worms found mostly in tropical
areas threadlike and live in blood
vessels transmitted by mosquitoes block blood and lymph
passages causes elephantiasis
(enormous swelling)
Human Diseases Ascarid Worms
unsanitary water conditions in humans
fill digestive system, lungs, heart, and throat
reproduces inside host can kill if undetected heart worm in dogs
transferred by mosquitoes
Human Diseases
Hookworms 1/4 of world population infected hatch and grow outside of host
and live in soil attach and infect bare feet travel through blood stream and
intestines cause weakness and poor
growth
Guinea Worm Caused by the roundworm
Dracunculiasis. Get from Unsanitary water. Grow up to 5 feet long in
the body. Exit through skin and
release eggs when in contact with water.
Symptoms- nothing for first year, then blisters, nausea, swelling, diarrhea, rash, itchiness, dizziness.
Exit through lower limbs in lesions.
No treatment, but can remove with sticks around worm