thesis guidelines update180115

D E G R E E P R O G R A M M E

2014/2015

RESEARCH PROJECT

GUIDELINES

MANAGEMENT AND SCIENCE UNIVERSITY

PREPARED BY:

RESEARCH COMMITTEE OF DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH SCIENCES.

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FACULTY OF LIFE AND HEALTH SCIENCES

RESEARCH PROJECT

A GUIDE FOR PREPARATION OF RESEARCH

PROPOSAL, THESIS AND RESEARCH PAPER

2014

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INTRODUCTION

This guide is intended as a supplement to the University Regulations for the

undergraduate programmes. Candidates should also consult their department for

specific departmental requirements.

Candidates are advised to acquaint themselves with the recommendations of this

guide in the early stages of preparation, even though some of the recommendations

apply only to the final stages. The guide also provides the information for supervisors

whose responsibilities include ensuring that candidates follow its recommendations.

A thesis which does now follow the approved format will not be accepted

and the degree will not be conferred until an acceptable standard has been met.

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CONTENT

Page

1. Research Proposal Guidelines 4

2. Thesis guidelines 13

3. Poster Guidelines 42

4. Research Manuscript Guidelines 46

4

Research Proposal Guidelines

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COMPONENT OF RESEARCH PROPOSAL

Introduction

This guide is to help the students of Management and Science University in preparation

of thesis. It deals only with the format of the thesis and some conventions.

Title / Topic

The title should accurately reflect the scope and content of the study. In addition, it

should be concise, simple and catchy in not more than 20 words. The title should be

informative/descriptive yet discrete and contain the key words of the proposal.

Introduction

This should be a brief statement answering the following questions: What is the

importance and rationale of the study? Why is this study worth doing? How does it

contribute to the chosen field of research? You should also defend the model/ system:

why do you use this organism/ herb in the study? This should draw the reader into the

rest of the proposal and give them a sense of the project as a whole. You will cover

some of the same items in more detail in other sections. (Figures and tables are not

allowed).

(About 500 words, Font type: Arial, Font size 11; 1.5 line spacing)

Research Problem / Statement

This section presents and summarizes the problem you intend to solve and your solution

to that problem i.e. what will change when this research is done or what would happen if

the research is not done. Problem is an existing negative state not absence of a solution.

Refers to what has been detected and needs a solution in the practical or theoretical

world. Should clearly state the nature of the problem and its known or estimated

magnitude / extent. Should be concise and brief (not more than 1 page)

Objective:

General Objective: Refers to the general intention of the research. Should spell out what

the research is supposed to accomplish.

Specific Objectives: These are specific aims / objectives arising directly from the general

objective. For each specific objective you must have a method to attempt to achieve it.

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Hypothesis

Is a provisional idea, which the outcome of the proposed research will either confirm or

disprove It.

Literature Review

Preliminary library work on the subject- highlight what has been done in the past and

how that is directing the present proposed research project. Clearly support your

statement with documentation and references.

Materials and Methods

Outline how you propose to conduct the research (Research design, population samples

/subjects, sampling technique, location, selection criteria, experimental and control

groups). This might include the field site description, a description of the instruments you

will use, and particularly the data that you anticipate collecting.

Include flow chart, which can be used as guide when you are actually conducting the

research. This section should make clear to the reader the way that you intend to

approach the research question and the techniques and logic that you will use to

address it. The materials and method must be explained in the sentences NOT in the

point form.

Ethical Consideration

Ethics of the research here refers to the morals of the investigation or intervention as

regards the minimal abuse, disregard, safety, social and psychological well being of the

person, community and /or animals i.e. how the principles of consent, beneficence and

justice are handled in the study. Include a statement of where ethical clearance has been

or will be obtained.

Data Analysis

State the proposed method of data analysis, the plan for interpreting results and

statistical test that you will use in processing the data.

Expected outcomes /implications

Describe possible forms of the final product, e.g., publishable manuscript, conference

paper, invention, software, exhibit, performance, etc. Be specific about how you intend to

share your results or project with others.

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References

List all the references cited in the research proposal and should be written according to

the approved format.

Appendices

Comprises of the budget, work plan/time framework, explanatory notes, questionnaire,

instruments and informed consent form. Details of the appendices are listed by type in

the Table of Contents.

Budget

This is the financial plan for implementation of the research. It should be clear, realistic

and reasonable (affordable). The budget items and the calculations for each item should

be summarized on the budget form. Projects that include travel should be specific about

benefit/reasons and locations.

Explanatory Notes

These include research approval letters, maps, and lists of areas to be visited.

Gantt Chart

Milestone or project timeline, which shows the duration of the project and layout the

order in which tasks or specific steps need to be carried out. This does not need to be a

day to day list but it may give an overview by weekly or monthly. You should include time

to write the final report/paper.

Instruments/Tools

These are details of tools used in the research e.g. Equipment, questionnaire, interview

schedule, scales and tests etc.

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RESEARCH PROPOSAL FORMAT

TYPEFACE AND FONT SIZE

The entire text of the thesis, including heading and page numbers, must be produced

with the same font or typeface. The font size should be 11 points (Arial) and should not

be scripted or italicized except for scientific names and terms in a different language.

Bold print may be used for headings. Footnotes and text in tables should not be less

than 8 points.

MARGINS

For the rest of the pages:

Top : 30 mm

Bottom : 25 mm

Left : 38 mm

Right : 25 mm

All information (text headings, footnotes, and illustrations), including page numbers must

be within the text area (see appendix K).

SPACING

The thesis should be typed 1.5 spaced. The following however should be single spaced:

i. Heading or subheading

ii. References

PAGINATION

Pages should be numbered consecutively throughout the proposal including pages for

tables, figures and appendices. Each appendix should be identified separately using a

big letter (A, B, C). The pages of appendices should also be numbered accordingly.

Pages number should appear by themselves and should not be bracketed, hyphenated

or accompanied by other decorative devices.

The number of pages for title page, table of content, list of tables, list of figures, list of

abbreviations or glossary must use in small Roman numerals (i, ii, iii, .).

Page 1 begins with the first page of the Introduction. All the pages should be numbered

at the top right corner for each page.

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HEADER AND FOOTER

The use of header and footer is NOT allowed.

SYMBOLS

The symbol % may be used in place of the word percent, e.g. 72.5% and typed without a

space. If the candidate prefers to write 72.5 percent in full, then consistency should be

maintained throughout.

NUMBERS

All integers less than ten should be spelt out unless they are attached to units of

measure (e.g. 10 kg, 5 mL). Use figures for numbers 10 or more than 10, eg: About 225

students... Number which is less than 10 must be spelt out, eg: The samples in the

study consist of seven elderly.. .If a sentences begins with a number, write the

number in words, e.g. Twenty two students were sampled from the study area.

PAPERS

White paper (80 g) or paper of equivalent quality should be used. Paper should be of A4

size (210 mm x 297 mm) and all printing should used Laser Jet printer.

BINDING

The proposal should be comb bound with BLUE cover.

LENGTH OF PROPOSALS

A proposal for Degree research should be up to 10 pages excluding references and

appendices.

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THE RESEARCH PROPOSAL COMPRISES OF:

The Preliminaries (pages numbered in Roman numerals) to consist of:-

i. Title page (Not numbered)

ii. Table of Contents

iii. List of Tables (where applicable)

iv. List of illustrations (Figures) (where applicable)

v. List of Abbreviations (Acronyms) (where applicable)

The Body/Text (To be written continuously without page breaks)

Text of Proposal

The body of a proposal normally consists of the following sections. These can be

organized as separate subchapters:

1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 RESEARCH PROBLEM / STATEMENT

1.2 OBJECTIVE

1.3 HYPOTHESIS

2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW

3.0 MATERIALS AND METHOD

3.1 ETHICAL CONSIDERATION

3.2 DATA ANALYSIS

4.0 EXPECTED OUTCOMES / IMPLICATIONS

5.0 REFERENCES

6.0 APPENDICES (Budgets / Explanatory Notes / Gantt chart /

Equipment/Tools

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SAMPLE FORMAT FRONT COVER RESEARCH PROPOSAL

RESEARCH PROPOSAL

ANTIOXIDANT STATUS OF CANCER PATIENTS

Prepared By

ISKANDAR SHAH BIN HAIKAL 012000657789

Supervisor

Dr. Mudzafaar Shah

Co Supervisors

Dr. Faiz Haikal Dr. Siti Fatimah Abu Bakar

Department of Health Science Faculty of Health & Life Sciences

Management and Science University

2014

Front cover colour: Blue

(Arial: 12)

Spacing: 1.5 lines x 3

20 mm


Spacing: 1.5 lines x

2

(Cooper Black: 16)

(Arial : 16)

(Arial: 12; Bold,Italic)

(Arial : 14)

Spacing: 1.5

lines

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SAMPLE FORMAT TEXT RESEARCH PROPOSAL

1.0 INTRODUCTION

Diabetes is a condition that causes high blood glucose levels (Meydani 2007). It is a

chronic disease that can be managed but not cured. Research done by Martinez and

Frank (2002) concluded that three possible reasons people develop diabetes are, their

bodies cannot make any insulin, enough insulin or the bodies cannot use insulin

properly.

The basic pathophysiology of the disease is insulin deficiency attributable to

different degrees of either decreased insulin secretion or resistance to insulin action

(Begue et al. 1999). Type 1 diabetes results from autoimmune destruction of pancreatic

-cells (DeStefano et al. 2001; Maxwell & Lip 1997). It is a lifelong disease that develops

when children pancreas stops producing enough insulin (Ali & Shafiq 2008).

1.1 RESEARCH PROBLEM / STATEMENT

Diabetes is regarded as a major risk factor for the development of artherosclerosis and

other cardiovascular complications. The major cause of diabetes is diet which contains

too much sugar. Nowadays, several diabetic drugs being used to treat diabetes has

been reported to have side effects. Therefore, people tend to look for an alternatives

such as natural remedies and herbal treatments that are known to have no side effects

and is relatively cheap and locally available.

Plantago major has been used as a traditional medicine for various conditions of

health disorder. However, the scientific data for pharmacological effect is still poor.

Chinese and Vietnamese used this plant as diuretic, expectorant and have antimicrobial

property.

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25 mm

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THESIS GUIDELINES

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INTRODUCTION TO THESIS GUIDELINES

The thesis must represent a coherent body of research work by the student.

It must display a scholarly approach and through knowledge of the subject.

Plagiarism in any form is completely unacceptable. The thesis is the primary

and permanent record of the students work. As such, it is important that it both be

written by the student and confirms to normal academic standards.

All health science students prior to undertaking any thesis research, all

necessary approvals much be obtained and documented. This includes Animal Care,

Human Research Ethics and Biohazards Materials (as applicable). Students are

responsible for contacting the appropriate university office to determine whether

these approvals are required for their research and to get instruction on how they

may obtain them. Copies of approval letter should be submitted to Research

Management Centre MSU.

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COMPONENTS OF THE THESIS Organization of the Thesis

A thesis is made up of three main parts namely preliminary pages, text and references.

Refer to the Table 1 below.

Table 1: Arrangement of parts in a thesis

No SUBJECT EXAMPLE NOTES

1. Blank paper No numbers

2. Approval

Roman page

number

3. Declaration of originality and

exclusiveness

4. Dedication

5. Acknowledgements

6. Abstracts (English)

7. Abstrak (Bahasa Melayu)

8. Table of contents

9. List of Tables

10. List of Figures

11. List of Symbols/ Abbreviations/

Notation/ Terminology

Text :

Normal

numbering

Chapter I Introduction

Chapter II Literature Review

Chapter III Methodology

Chapter IV Results

Chapter V Discussion

Chapter VI Conclusion

12. References

13. Appendices

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Approval sheet

The wordings on the page should read as follows:

This thesis submitted to the Senate of Management and Science University has been

accepted as fulfillment of the requirement for the Degree of Biomedical Science (Hons).

The member of the Supervisory Committee is as follows:

Signature:

Supervisor: (names)

Co- supervisor: (if required)

Date:

Declaration Form

The declaration form should read as follows:

DECLARATION

I hereby declare that the thesis is based on my original work except for quotations and

citations which have been duly acknowledged. I also declare that it has not been

previously or concurrently submitted for any other degree at MSU or other institutions.

DATE:

SIGNATURE

(Name of candidates)

(Matrix number)

Abstract

Abstract should have minimum of 150 words and no more than 250 words (APA style). It

includes a brief statement of the problem; a concise description of the research method

and design; summary of major findings, including the significance or lack of it and

conclusion.

The abstract should be given both in English and Bahasa Melayu, the version to appear

first will be of the same language used in writing thesis. The abstract must be in ONE

paragraph only.

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Acknowledgements

Acknowledgements usually contain written expressions of appreciation for guidance and

assistance from individuals and institutions.

Table of Contents

The table of contents lists in sequences, with corresponding page numbers, all relevant

subdivisions of the thesis. All chapters, sections and subsections may be numbered

accordingly.

List of Tables

The list shows the exact titles or captions of all tables in the text and appendices,

together with the beginning page of each table. Tables should be numbered accordingly

to the chapter.

List of Figures

This includes graphs, maps, charts, engineering drawing, photographs, sketches, and

printed images. The exact title or caption and its corresponding page number are listed.

Figure should be numbered accordingly to the chapter.

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TEXT OF THESIS

The body of a thesis normally consists of the following sections. These can be organized

as separate chapters.

Chapter I : Introduction

The introductory chapter introduces the problems and indicates its importance and

validity. It sets forth the context, the hypotheses to be tested and the research objectives

to be attained (figures and tables are not allowed).

Chapter II : Literature Review

It is a critical review of literature related to the topic of the thesis. It is mean to act as a

base for the experimental/analytical section of the thesis. Literature selected must be up

to date, analysed and synthesized logically. The literature must have the consequences

between each paragraphs.

Chapter III : Methodology

This chapter or section in paragraph, describes the methods and techniques used. It

may also contain validation of methods used. The materials and method must be explain

in the sentences NOT in the point form

Chapter IV : Results

This chapter or section presents a complete account of results and analyses of the study

in the form of figures, tables or text so that the key information is highlighted. Each of the

figures, tables must be explain in text (paragraph) too.

Chapter V: Discussion

It discusses the results of the study in relation to the hypotheses. It highlighted the main

findings, their significance and implication. Students also can give their opinion on their

findings provided it is related to the outcome. A separate chapter for discussion may be

necessary to give an overall discussion of the finding leading to a conclusion.

Combination of the results and also discussion in one chapter are also accepted.

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Chapter VI : Conclusion

Summary highlights the finding of the study upon which a conclusion is drawn in line with

the objectives sets. The conclusion should be one to three pages only either in bullet or

paragraphs formats.

References

All the references in the text must be listed.

Appendices

Some of thesis does not require the appendix. However the appendix can be placed

after the references list. Details of the appendices are listed by type in the Table of

Contents.

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THESIS FORMAT

TYPE FACE AND FONT SIZE

The entire text of the thesis, including heading and page numbers, must be

proced with the same font or typeface. The font size should be 12 points (Times

Roman) or 11 points (Arial). And should not be scripted or italicized except for scientific

names and terms in a different language. Bold print must be used for headings.

Footnotes and text in tables should not be less than 8 points.

MARGINS

For the first page of any new chapter:

Top : 50 mm

Bottom : 25 mm

Left : 38 mm

Right : 25 mm

For the rest of the pages:

Top : 30 mm

Bottom : 25mm

Left : 38 mm

Right : 25 mm

All information (text heading, footnotes and illustrations), including page numbers must

be within the text area.

SPACING

The thesis should be typed 1.5 spaced. The following however should be single spaced:

i. Heading and subheading

ii. References or bibliography

iii. Abstract

iv. Acknowledgements

v. Explanatory footnotes

Each paragraph from one to another should be 1.5 spaced. Title to text show

(Paragraph spacing before: 0 point, after: 0 point).

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PAGINATION

Page should be numbered consecutively through the thesis including pages for

tables, figures and appendices. Each appendix should be identified separately using a

big letter (A, B, C). The pages of appendices should also be numbered accordingly.

Pages number should appear by themselves and should not be bracketed, hyphenated

or accompanied by other decorative devices.

The number of pages for title page for title page, dedication (optional) ,

acknowledgement, abstracts, table of content, list of tables, list of figures, list of

abbreviations or glossary must use in small Roman numerals ( i, ii, iii).

Page 1 begins with the first page of the Introduction (or chapter 1). All the pages

should be numbered at the TOP RIGHT CORNER for each page. For every new

chapter, the page number should be hidden.

HEADER AND FOOTER The use of header and footer is NOT allowed. SYMBOLS The symbol % may be used in place of the word percent, e.g. 72.5% and typed without a space. If the candidate prefers to write 72.5 percent in full, then consistency should be maintained throughout. NUMBERS All integers less than ten should be spelt out unless they are attached to units of measure (e.g. 10 kg, 5 mL). Use figures for numbers 10 or more than 10, eg: About 225 students... Number which is less than 10 must be spelt out, eg: The samples in the study consist of seven elderly.. .If a sentences begins with a number, write the number in words, e.g. Twenty two students were sampled from the study area. PAPERS White paper (80 g) or paper of equivalent quality should be used. Paper should be of A4 size (210 mm x 297 mm) and all printing should use Laser Jet printer. BINDING The thesis should be hard bound with DARK NAVY BLUE colour hard cover.

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SOFY COPY COVER

The thesis must be burned into a CD to be summited. The cover of the CD must be

maroon in colour same as the hard bound cover. Inside the cover, students must print

out their abstract. Students must submit a soft copy of thesis, research manuscript and

poster presentation in individual files. The files for the soft copy MUST be in WORD

format. PDF format is not accepted.

REFERENCING STYLE All referencing for the thesis and proposal will use American Psychological Association (APA) style. Using in-text citation with APA style

APA in-text citation style uses the author's last name and the year of publication, for example: Lewis, C. W (2005). The ethics challenge in public service: A problem-solving guide (2nd ed.). United Stated: John Wiley. In text citation: (Lewis, 2005). Within the text of the paper, include an in-text citation when it is refered to, summarize, paraphrase, or quote from another source. For every in-text citation in the paper, there must be a corresponding entry in the reference list. For more than 1 author Example: Lewis, C. W., & Gilman, S. C. (2005). The ethics challenge in public service: A problem-solving guide (2nd ed.). United Stated: John Wiley. In text citation: (Lewis & Gilman, 2005)

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APPENDIX A: FRONT COVER (SPINE AND COVER OF THESIS)

EFFECT OF ETHANOL EXTRACTION FROM Tachypleus gigas

CARAPACE TOWARDS ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY

FATIN ROSANALINA

MANAGEMENT AND SCIENCE UNIVERSITY

2014

50 MM

40 MM

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Font: ARIAL, Size: 12 point, standard block size, using

gold colour

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APPENDIX B: SAMPLE OF TITLE PAGE

EFFECT OF ETHANOL EXTRACTIOND FROM Tachypleus gigas

CARAPACE TOWARDS ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY

FATIN ROSANALINA

Thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the Degree of Biomedical Science (Hons) in the Faculty of Health and Life Sciences,


May 2014

Semester subjected is

taken

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Appendix C: Sample of Approval Sheet

This thesis submitted to the Senate of Management and Science University has

been accepted as fulfilment of the requirement for the Degree of Biomedical

Science (Hons). The members of the Supervisory Committee are as follows:

Signature :

Supervisor : Ms. Yasohdha Anne

Date : 21 APRIL 2014

(IF AVAILABLE)

Signature :

Co- supervisor : Pn. Suhana Md. Saad

Date :21 APRIL 2014

Signature :

Dean : Professor Dr. Mohd Zahedi Daud

Date : 21 APRIL 2014

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Appendix D: Declaration

DECLARATION

I hereby declare that the thesis is based on my original work except for

quotations and citations which have been duly acknowledged. I also declare that

it has not been previously or concurrently submitted for any other degree at MSU

or other institutions.

15 APRIL 2014

FATIN ROSANALINA

(12012112233)

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APPENDIX E: SAMPLE OF ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

I praise to the almighty Allah for giving me the strength and patience to complete

the research. I would like to express my sincere appreciation and deepest

gratitude to the following persons for their support during the research.

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APPENDIX F: SAMPLE OF ENGLISH ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT

The examination of skeletal remains is a big challenge especially to coroners and forensic anthropologist in carrying out an investigation. In terms of medico-legal aspect, it is important to determine stature or height from various skeletal remains and body parts brought for examination. Various body parts can be used to identify sex as they bear a positive and linear correlation to stature. Many researches have been carried out and proven successful in identification of the body. The positive and linear correlation is being utilized in many forensic cases such as mass disaster. Scientists have long been involved in standardizing the anthropological data with respect to various populations of the world. The main aim of the present research is to differentiate male and female sex using stature measurement. A standard anthropometric technique is used as reference. To estimate stature; measurements of foot length (FL), foot breadth (FB) and toe (T1 till T5) to base line were used in this study. Measurements were obtained from 100 subjects of school teachers age 30 to 50 years. All foot stature lengths exhibit statistically positive significant correlation with stature (p-value < 0.01) and the correlation coefficient (r) ranges from 0.546 to 0.578. The accuracy of the regression equations was verified by comparing the estimated stature with actual stature. Regression equations derived in this research can be used to estimate stature from the complete or even partial footprints among Malaysian citizens.

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Singles

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APPENDIX G : SAMPLE OF BAHASA MELAYU ABSTRACT

PANDANGAN ORANG AWAM TERHADAP PESAKIT ALBINO DI SEKSYEN 13, SHAH ALAM

ABSTRAK

Albinism adalah penyakit jarang diwarisi dimanifestasikan oleh ketiadaan dalam lengkap atau sebahagian pigmen pada kulit, rambut, atau mata disebabkan oleh kecacatan biosintesis melanin. Perkataan "golongan penghidap albinism" merujuk kepada sekumpulan keadaan yang diwarisi.penghidap albinisme mempunyai pigmen sedikit atau tiada di mata mereka, kulit, atau rambut. Mereka telah mewarisi gen yang telah berubah yang tidak memberikan jumlah yang biasa dan pigmen yang dipanggil melanin. Kajian ini telah dijalankan untuk mengenalpasti pandangan, pengetahuan dan kesedaran di kalangan orang ramai terhadap penghidap albinism. Kaedah kajian soal selidik ini telah dijalankan di kawasan yang telah dipilih iaitu terhadap penduduk seksyen 13, Shah Alam yang di mana hanya 200 sampel yang digunakan untuk kajian ini. Sebanyak 200 sampel dibahagikan secara rawak kepada penduduk berdasarkan jantina, umur, kewarganegaraan, bangsa, status dan tahap pendidikan. Sebanyak 200 sampel yang dipilih, dibahagikan sama rata pada jantina iaitu sebanyak 100 sampel pada lelaki, dan 100 sampel pada wanita. Jenis kajian yang dipilih ialah kajian keratan rentas. Data dianalisis menggunakan Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) versi 16. Latar belakang penduduk seperti tahap pendidikan, umur, jantina, bangsa dan status telah dicatatkan melalui kajian ini. Keputusan menunjukkan kebanyakan penduduk mempunyai pengetahuan tentang albino, iaitu sebanyak 83% orang lelaki yang tahu, dan 96% orang wanita yang tahu mengikut jantina. Data bagi kesedaran dan pandangan orang ramai terhadap albinism menunjukkan keputusan yang siknifikan, di mana nilai bagi kedua nya adalah kurang daripada 0.005 (p

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APPENDIX H: SAMPLE OF CONTENTS

CONTENT

Page

APPROVAL i

DECLARATION ii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS iii

ABSTRACT iv

ABSTRAK v

CONTENTS vi

LIST OF TABLES xi

LIST OF FIGURES xii

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS xiv

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION

1.1 Introduction 3

1.2 Objectives 3

1.2.1 General Objectives 3

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1.2.2 Specific Objectives 3

1.3 Hypothesis 3

CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Methicillin- Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) 4

2.2 Microbial respirations 4

2.3 Diseases caused by Staphylococcus aureus 5

2.4 Current treatment for Staphylococcus spp infection 6

2.5 Antibiotic resistant bacteria 6

CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY

3.1 Materials 19

3.1.1 Apparatus 19

3.1.2 Chemical equipment 19

CHAPTER IV RESULTS AND ANALYSIS

4.1 Antisensitivity Testing/ Antimicrobial Testing 24

CHAPTER V DISCUSSION 30

CHAPTER VI CONCLUSION 33

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REFERENCES 34

APPENDIX A MEDICINAL HERBS PROCESSING 39

APPENDIX B RESEARCH FLOW CHART 41

APPENDIX C BIOCHEMICAL TESTS 42

APPENDIX D GANTT CHART 44

APPENDIX E MANUSCRIPT 45

APPENDIX F POSTER 46

APPENDIX G CD COPY

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Appendix I: Sample of List of Table

LIST OF TABLES

Tables Title Page Table 4.1 Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi against

Staphylococcus aureus 25

Table 4.2 Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi against MRSA 26

Table 4.3 Coptis chinensis Franch against Staphylococcus

aureus 27

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Appendix J: Sample of Figure List

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure No. Figure Title Page Figure 2.1 Staphylococcus aureus under 1000x

magnification using compound microscope. 4

Figure 2.2 Microbial respirations 5

Figure 2.3 Boils seen on pelvis of homosapiens infected

with S. aureus. 6

Figure 2.5 Antibiotic resistance in bacteria 7

Figure 2.6 Vancomycin MIC detection by E-test 8

Figure 2.7 Mechanism of vancomycin- resistant 9

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APPENDIX K: Sample List of Abbreviation and Symbols

LIST OF ABBREVIATION AND SYMBOLS

ATP Adenosine Triphosphate

FDA Food and Drug Administration

MIC Minimum Inhibitory Concentration

MBC Minimum Bactericidal Concentration

MRSA Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

TCM Traditional Chinese Medicine

VISA Vancomycin-Intermediate Staphylococcus aureus

VRSA Vancomycin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

> More than

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APPENDIX L: SAMPLE OF TEXT

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1.1 ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE

Over the past 15 years, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

(MRSA) has become a public health problem. (Paul et al, 2013). Rates of

MRSA infection in hospitals especially intensive care units (ICU), are rising

throughout the world. (MedMD, 2012). By 2005, admissions were triple the

number in 2000 and 10-fold higher than in 1995. In 2005 in the United

States alone, 368,600 hospital admissions for MRSAincluding 94,000

invasive infectionsresulted in 18,650 deaths. The number of MRSA

fatalities in 2005 surpassed the number of fatalities from hurricane Katrina

and AIDS combined and is substantially higher than fatalities at the peak

of the U. S. polio epidemic. (Richard, 2008).

MRSA is a strain of Staphylococcus bacteria that is resistant to

certain types of antibiotics. (Tim, 2014). It is carried by about 1% of the

population after contacted with contaminated surfaces or infected persons.

(MedMD, 2012). Most of the time, Staphylococcus spp does not cause any

harm to humans. However, damage to the skin or other injury may allow

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25mm


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37

the bacteria to overcome the natural protective mechanisms of the body,

leading to infection. (CDC, 2013; MedicineNet.com, 2012).

1.2 OBJECTIVE

1.2.1 General Objective:

To test the antimicrobial effect of Coptis chinensis Franch and

Scutellariae baicalensis Georgi against methicillin- resistant

Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Staphylococcus aureus.

1.2.2 Specific Objectives:

i) To compare the effectiveness between aqueous extraction and

methanol extraction.

ii) To determine the best concentration of Coptis chinensis Franch and

Scutellariae baicalensis Georgi against MRSA and Staphylococcus

aureus.

iii) To determine the inhibition zone of Coptis chinensis Franch and

Scutellariae baicalensis Georgi against MRSA and Staphylococcus

aureus.

1.3 HYPOTHESIS

There is no antimicrobial effect of Coptis chinensis Franch and

Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi against methicillin- resistant Staphylococcus

aureus (MRSA) and Staphylococcus aureus.

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38

Appendix M: Sample of Figure

Figure 1. Percentage of patients with condition treated per National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP) guidelines,

by sex, the HIV Outpatient Study, January 2002September 2009. Error bars indicate 95% confidence intervals. Abbreviations: LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.

Spacing: Single

39

Appendix N: Sample of tables

Table 4.3 Coptis chinensis Franch against Staphylococcus aureus.

Test strain Concentration

(mg/ml)

Zone of inhibition (mm)

Methanol based Aqueous

based

S. aureus 5 - -

10 - -

20 8 13

40 11 17

80 18 18

Positive ctrl (Penicillin) 43

Negative ctrl (Sterile saline) -

Appendix O: Sample of Reference List

40

REFERENCES

Bernstein, D. K., & Tiegerman, E. (1989). Language and communication disorders in

children (2nd ed.). Columbus, OH: Merill.

Curwen, B., Palmer, S., & Ruddell, P. (2000). Brief cognitive behavior therapy (Brief

Therapies Series). London: Sage.

Roy, M. J. (Ed.). (2006). Novel approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of

posttraumatic stress disorder (NATO Security Through Science Series).

Amsterdam: IOS.

Treasure, D. C., Lemyre, P. N., Kuczka, K. K., & Standage, M. (2007). Motivation in

elite sport: A self-determination perspective. In M. S. Hagger & N. L.

Chatzisarantis (Eds.), Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in exercise and

sport (pp.153-166). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.

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Spacing: 1.0 x 2

Format: Single spacing, alphabetically arranged.

41

APPENDIX O: SAMPLE OF CD COVER

Navy blue colour Abstract

42

POSTER PREPARATION

43

POSTER FORMAT

POSTER SIZE

A4

SECTIONS

TITLE

Each student poster should include a title banner with the names and

institutional affiliations (MSU)

The title should be in a large font, preferably with letters, so it will be

readable from a distance

INTRODUCTION

Brief problem definition

OBJECTIVE (S)

HYPOTHESIS

METHODOLOGY

State the brief method and data analysis. Preferable flow chart.

RESULTS *

All illustrations, drawings, charts, pictures, graphs, figures, other visual

aids, and written text should be sufficiently large to allow them to be read

or seen easily from a distance of 60 inches (1.5 m).

44

DISCUSSION *

Interpretation of results and presentation of discoveries

Discussion of the merits, assumptions, and limitations of your approach

CONCLUSION *

Discuss on the major finding that give contribution to your research area.

REFERENCES

Four major references

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

To whom it may concern.

General Advice

Lettering should be in dark, contrasting colours.

Do not use combinations of red and green as these are difficult for people with common types of colour blindness to read

Avoid using large tables of figures - try to use graphs instead.

Include photographs and illustrations if at all possible.

Avoid detailed description of well-known methods.

Design your poster so that it flows logically from top to bottom.

As a general rule, it should be possible for someone to read and comprehend the main subject and content of the poster no more than one minute.

* Do not applicable for the research proposal poster display.

45

APPENDIX A: SUGGESTED FORMAT OF A SCIENTIFIC POSTER

46

RESEARCH MANUSCRIPT

47

Manuscript Preparation Guidelines

General: Manuscripts must be typewritten, double-spaced with wide margins on

one side of white paper. Good quality printouts with a font Times Roman; 12 pt or

Arial; 11 pt are required. The corresponding author should be identified (include a

fax number and e-mail address). Full postal addresses must be given for all co-

authors. Authors should consult a recent issue of the journal for style if possible.

An electronic copy of the paper should accompany the final version. The Editors

reserve the right to adjust style to certain standards of uniformity. Authors should

retain a copy of their manuscript since we cannot accept responsibility for

damage or loss of papers.

Paper Length: Research papers should not exceed 10,000 words of text plus

appropriate illustrations and tables. Review papers should not exceed 15,000

words plus illustrations and tables. Short communications should not exceed

2,000 words plus illustrations and tables.

Abstracts: Each research paper should be provided with an Abstract of about

100-150 words, reporting concisely on the purpose and results of the paper.

Text: Follow this order when typing manuscripts: Title, Authors, Affiliations,

Abstract, Keywords, and Main text, Acknowledgements, Appendix, References,

Figure Captions and then Tables. Do not import the Figures or Tables into your

text.

Units: The SI system should be used for all scientific and laboratory data. In

certain instances it may be necessary to quote other units.

Illustrations: All illustrations should be provided in camera-ready form, suitable

for reproduction (which may include reduction) without retouching. Photographs,

charts and diagrams are all to be referred to as

"Figure(s)" and should be numbered consecutively in the order to which they are

referred. All figures are to have a caption.

48

Line drawings: Good quality printouts on white paper produced in black ink are

required. All lettering, graph lines and points on graphs should be sufficiently

large and bold to permit reproduction when the diagram has been reduced to a

size suitable for inclusion in the journal.

Photographs: Original photographs must be supplied as they are to be

reproduced (e.g. black and white or colour). Please note that photocopies of

photographs are not acceptable.

Tables: Tables should be numbered consecutively and given a suitable caption

and each table typed on a separate sheet. Footnotes to tables should be typed

below the table and should be referred to by lowercase letters.

REFERENCE Minimum 10 references are required. All references used in the manuscript must be in the reference list. Referencing must use the American Psychological Association (APA) style.

49

APPENDIX : SAMPLE OF MANUSCRIPT

MANUSCRIPT

DETERMINATION OF KNOWLEDGE ON ADVERSE EFFECTS OF Bacille

Calmette Guerin (BCG) AND HEPATITIS B VACCINES BETWEEN

URBAN AND RURAL COMMUNITY IN SELANGOR

Nur Hayati A.M.S., Noor Azimah A.,

Faculty Health and Life Sciences,


Corresponding author, email: [email protected]

ABSTRACT: The Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine is a live bacterial

vaccine attenuated of Mycobacterium bovis, containing no preservative except

monosodium glutamate or albumin as the stabilizer. A cross sectional study were

conducted among hundred respondents were taken part. They were requested to

answer a questionnaire which included questions regarding the demographic

profiles, knowledge of BCG and Hepatitis B vaccines followed by BCG and

Hepatitis B vaccines adverse effects. The data was analyzed by using Statistical

Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20 via Independent T-Test with P

value 0.05).

There was relationship between knowledge and educational background where

high education level at urban area was found to be knowledgeable on the

adverse effects of vaccine (p>0.05). The most common adverse effects

experienced by the children was papule (21%) for BCG vaccine followed by

redness and high fever (26%) for Hepatitis B vaccine. As a conclusion,

community in urban has more knowledge on BCG and Hepatitis B vaccines

adverse effects rather than community in rural area.

Single spacing x 2

1.5

spacing

Single spacing x 2

1.5

spacing

50

Keywords: Adverse effects, Bacille Calmette-Guerin vaccine, Mycobacterium

bovis, monosodium glutamate and albumin.

INTRODUCTION

Hepatitis B is a major public health problem. Approximately 30% of the

worlds population, about 2 billion people, has serological evidence of infection

with hepatitis B virus (HBV). It is estimated that 350 million of them have chronic

HBV infection, about a million of who die each year from chronic liver disease,

including cirrhosis and liver cancer (World Health Organization. 2001). The most

common form of TB is will affects the lungs, but it can affect other parts of the

body such as the bones, joints and kidneys. From experimental evidence clearly

shows, that simultaneous administration of as little as two to three immune

adjuvants, or repeated stimulation of the immune system by the same antigen

can overcome genetic resistance to autoimmunity (Sienkiewicz et al., 2012).

METHODS

Study Design

The objective of this study is to find out the knowledge on adverse effects

of BCG and Hepatitis B vaccines in urban and rural community at Selangor state.

Collecting Data (Area Selection)

This study was conducted among parents or guardians of children at

urban and rural community in Selangor state which is for urban area, the area is

at Section 13, Shah Alam, Selangor and rural area is at Kampung Sijangkang,

Banting, Klang, Selangor Darul Ehsan.

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51

RESULTS

The data was analyzed by using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS)

version 20 via Independent T-Test with P value 0.05). (Refer to Figure 1.1)

DISCUSSION

Based on the results the respondent in urban area have good knowledge

towards adverse effects of Bacille Calmette Guerin (BCG) and Hepatitis B

vaccines compared to respondent in rural area which are the mean xxx BCG

vaccine in urban and xxx in rural, followed by the mean xxx Hepatitis B vaccine in

urban and xxx rural. It is because urban community has higher education

compared to rural community. Besides that they have better housing, easier

access to hospitals and clinics, schools and public transportation, and higher

education levels (Amin R.,et al 2013).

CONCLUSION

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious and the Most Merciful.

Alhamdulillah, all praises to Allah for the strengths and blessing in completing this

thesis. Special appreciation goes to my supervisor, Madam Noor Azimah Ahmad,

for her supervision and constant support

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52

REFERENCES

Sienkiewicz D., Kuak W., Okurowska-Zawada B., Paszko-Patej G. (2012),

Neurologic adverse events following vaccination. World Health

Organization Geneva, (2001), Introduction of hepatitis B vaccine into

childhood immunization services, Management guidelines, including

information for health workers and parents.

NOTE: REFERENCE USED IN TEXT MUST BE IN THE REFERENCE LIST.

(MIN 15 REFERENCES TO MAX 20 REFERENCES)

FIGURES AND TABLES

Figure 1.1 Comparison of knowledge in urban areas.

NOTE: ALL FIGURES AND TABLES MUST BE AT THE END OF THE

MANUSCRIPT. IN YOUR TEXT RESULTS, PLEASE INDICATE THE FIGURES

AND TABLES PROPERLY.

thesis guidelines update180115

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