thermodynamics an analogy & its constructs mr. gibson for all science disciplines at selected...
TRANSCRIPT
Thermodynamicsan Analogy & Its Constructs
Mr. Gibson For
All Science Disciplines at Selected Times
Simple Overview/Study of Thermodynamics
Thermodynamics is really – quite simply put –
the study of one of the forms of energy called “HEAT”.
Simple Overview/Study of Thermodynamics
“HEAT”
To simplify our study we will use an “analogy” by equating “Heat” [to] liquid water.
Hopefully this will make it easier by visualizing liquid water & using this mental image and our experiences to better follow along with the constructs of “heat”.
Simple Overview/Study of Thermodynamics
“HEAT”
However, before we go on -- let’s clarify a common “mistake” people make when talking about “Heat”…
Simple Overview/Study of Thermodynamics
“HEAT”
People commonly confuse what “Heat” is -- with another construct called “Temperature”.
Simple Overview/Study of Thermodynamics
“HEAT”
It is natural for people to confuse “Heat” with “Temperature”.
That’s because we all know as you “heat” something up… its “temperature” goes up too.
Simple Overview/Study of Thermodynamics
“HEAT”
But it is scientifically known and proven – “Heat” and “Temperature” are NOT the same thing!!!
Simple Overview/Study of Thermodynamics
“HEAT”
To show that – “Heat” and “Temperature” are NOT the same thing we will now use our “water” analogy to get this idea firmly established in our mind before
we go on to study the FOUR laws of Thermodynamics.
Simple Overview/Study of Thermodynamics
“HEAT”
In our analogy with water…
“Heat” – is a FORM of ENERGY –And it acts just like liquid water…
… it FLOWS
Simple Overview/Study of Thermodynamics
“HEAT”
“Temperature” is just like the HEIGHT LEVEL of liquid water… • something that is both quantified (how high) and;• measured (using an instrument of some kind).
Simple Overview/Study of Thermodynamics
“HEAT”
A DIFFERENCE in “TEMPERATURES” makes; the energy form of “HEAT”
[to] flow.
Simple Overview/Study of Thermodynamics
“HEAT”
•Using the diagram to the right.•Water in the
-- u-tube in the middle – when uncapped; the level of water would drop on the right side and would raise up on the left until it looked like the u-tube on the left.
Simple Overview/Study of Thermodynamics
“HEAT”
•Using the diagram to the right.•Water in the --
u-tube on the far rightwould level out in the opposite direction.• [Because] water flows FROM the HIGHER level[to] the LOWER level.
Simple Overview/Study of Thermodynamics
“HEAT”
• Like the water in the u-tubes…• HEAT energy flows from the HIGHER temperature [to] the LOWER temperature… always.
Simple Overview/Study of Thermodynamics
“HEAT”
• It was the DIFFERENT water level heights in the u-tubes that determined which way each of the sides would flow…
Simple Overview/Study of Thermodynamics
“HEAT”
•And so it is with TEMPERATURE… it is the DIFFERENCES in TEMPERATURES that CAUSES the ENERGY to FLOW from the HIGHER (level) temperature [to] the LOWER (level) temperature…
Simple Overview/Study of Thermodynamics
• You can melt a lot more ice using 1000 gallons of 90 degree water than you can with one spoonful of 200 degree water.
• Just because the spoonful is “hotter” (measured temperature)… it doesn’t mean it has a lot more “heat” (energy form) than there is in all those gallons of “colder” water (to melt the ice).
“HEAT”
In short ---
Heat is an energy form that flows and temperature differences makes it flow.
Simple Overview/Study of Thermodynamics
“HEAT” – To visualize and explain heat flow let’s use another example of the water flow analogy. Suppose you have two cylinders of water connected by a pipe at their base, as shown (viewed from the side) below.
Highest LEVEL of water
Most AMOUNT of water
Left cylinder side view Right cylinder side view
Simple Overview/Study of Thermodynamics
“HEAT” – •The cylinder on the left has the HIGHEST level of water.•The cylinder on the right has the MOST amount of water.
Highest LEVEL of water
Most AMOUNT of water
Left cylinder side view Right cylinder side view
Simple Overview/Study of Thermodynamics “HEAT” – Therefore; in our visualization
Level = Temperature -&- Amount = Heat•The cylinder on the left has the HIGHEST level of water.•The cylinder on the right has the MOST amount of water.
Highest LEVEL of water
Most AMOUNT of water
Left cylinder side view Right cylinder side view
Simple Overview/Study of Thermodynamics “HEAT” – • The water flows from the left cylinder (highest level) into the cylinder on the right (most amount) • BECAUSE there is a DIFFERENCE in the LEVELS of water between the two cylinders… NOT from a difference in the amounts of water.
Highest LEVEL of water
Most AMOUNT of water
Left cylinder side view Right cylinder side view
Simple Overview/Study of Thermodynamics
“HEAT” – • It doesn’t matter if there is MORE water in the cylinder on the right… the water will continue to FLOW until the levels in each cylinder are EQUAL.
Highest LEVEL of water
Most AMOUNT of water
Left cylinder side view Right cylinder side view
Simple Overview/Study of Thermodynamics
“HEAT” – • Water does not continue to flow until the AMOUNTS of water are equal in each cylinder. Water flows until the LEVELS of water in each cylinder are equal.
Highest LEVEL of water
Most AMOUNT of water
Left cylinder side view Right cylinder side view
Simple Overview/Study of Thermodynamics
“HEAT” – Like water… “energy” flows in such a way until the TEMPERATURES (levels) are equal or uniform. When uniform or equal… the Heat energy flow stops.
Highest LEVEL of water
Most AMOUNT of water
Both cylinders’ water levels are equal
No - flow
Left cylinder side view Right cylinder side view
Simple Overview/Study of Thermodynamics
“HEAT” – Using the example of liquid water as an example
Water: Clues & Questions Graphic Organizer1. Starting at a ___________ level, water will always flow to a lower level.2. Water in two connected cylinders will stop flowing when the (levels, amounts) in both cylinders [ circle one] are ___________.3. Heat energy is like water because they both ________ from higher levels to lower levels.4. Water flows because of the _____________ in levels.
Simple Overview/Study of Thermodynamics
“HEAT” – Using the example of liquid water as an example
Water: Clues & Questions Graphic Organizer1. Starting at a higher level, water will always flow to a lower level.2. Water in two connected cylinders will stop flowing when the (levels, amounts) in both cylinders [ circle one] are ______.3. Heat energy is like water because they both _____from higher levels to lower levels.4. Water flows because of the __________ in levels.
Simple Overview/Study of Thermodynamics
“HEAT” – Using the example of liquid water as an example
Water: Clues & Questions Graphic Organizer1. Starting at a higher level, water will always flow to a lower level.2. Water in two connected cylinders will stop flowing when the (levels, amounts) in both cylinders [ circle one] are equal.3. Heat energy is like water because they both ______from higher levels to lower levels.4. Water flows because of the __________ in levels.
Simple Overview/Study of Thermodynamics
“HEAT” – Using the example of liquid water as an example
Water: Clues & Questions Graphic Organizer1. Starting at a higher level, water will always flow to a lower level.2. Water in two connected cylinders will stop flowing when the (levels, amounts) in both cylinders [ circle one] are equal.3. Heat energy is like water because they both flow from higher levels to lower levels.4. Water flows because of the ___________in levels.
Simple Overview/Study of Thermodynamics
“HEAT” – Using the example of liquid water as an example
Water: Clues & Questions Graphic Organizer1. Starting at a higher level, water will always flow to a lower level.2. Water in two connected cylinders will stop flowing when the (levels, amounts) in both cylinders [ circle one] are equal.3. Heat energy is like water because they both flow from higher levels to lower levels.4. Water flows because of the differences in levels.
Simple Overview/Study of Thermodynamics
“HEAT” – Using the example of liquid water as an example
Energy: Clues & Questions Graphic Organizer1. Starting at a ___________ temperature, energy will always flow to a lower temperature.2. Energy flowing from a high temperature source will ________flowing when the surrounding area’s temperature is __________ to it.3. Heat energy is like water because it ________ from higher temperatures to lower temperatures.4. Energy flows because of the _____________ in temperatures.
Simple Overview/Study of Thermodynamics
“HEAT” – Using the example of liquid water as an example
Energy: Clues & Questions Graphic Organizer1. Starting at a higher temperature, energy will always flow to a lower temperature.2. Energy flowing from a high temperature source will _____flowing when the surrounding area’s temperature is ______ to it.3. Heat energy is like water because it ______ from higher temperatures to lower temperatures.4. Energy flows because of the ____________ in temperatures.
Simple Overview/Study of Thermodynamics
“HEAT” – Using the example of liquid water as an example
Energy: Clues & Questions Graphic Organizer1. Starting at a higher temperature, energy will always flow to a lower temperature.2. Energy flowing from a high temperature source will stop flowing when the surrounding area’s temperature is _______ to it.3. Heat energy is like water because it _______ from higher temperatures to lower temperatures.4. Energy flows because of the _____________ in temperatures.
Simple Overview/Study of Thermodynamics
“HEAT” – Using the example of liquid water as an example
Energy: Clues & Questions Graphic Organizer1. Starting at a higher temperature, energy will always flow to a lower temperature.2. Energy flowing from a high temperature source will stop flowing when the surrounding area’s temperature is equal to it.3. Heat energy is like water because it _______from higher temperatures to lower temperatures.4. Energy flows because of the _____________ in temperatures.
Simple Overview/Study of Thermodynamics
“HEAT” – Using the example of liquid water as an example
Energy: Clues & Questions Graphic Organizer1. Starting at a higher temperature, energy will always flow to a lower temperature.2. Energy flowing from a high temperature source will stop flowing when the surrounding area’s temperature is equal to it.3. Heat energy is like water because it flows from higher temperatures to lower temperatures.4. Energy flows because of the ____________ in temperatures.
Simple Overview/Study of Thermodynamics
“HEAT” – Using the example of liquid water as an example
Energy: Clues & Questions Graphic Organizer1. Starting at a higher temperature, energy will always flow to a lower temperature.2. Energy flowing from a high temperature source will stop flowing when the surrounding area’s temperature is equal to it.3. Heat energy is like water because it flows from higher temperatures to lower temperatures.4. Energy flows because of the differences in temperatures.
Simple Overview/Study of Thermodynamics
Up until now in your school careers you have heard about & studied Newton’s THREE Laws of Thermodynamics.
Simple Overview/Study of Thermodynamics
• The 0th Law of Thermodynamics
I am going to introduce the 0th Law of Thermodynamics discovered after the first three laws.
We will begin there.
3rd Law
1st Law
0th Law
2nd Law
Simple Overview/Study of Thermodynamics
• The 0th Law of Thermodynamics
There are four laws of thermodynamics which build upon each other. •They are numbered 0 through 3 because the most fundamental law was discovered after the First Law had already been given the number 1. •Therefore, they had to assign the most fundamental law the number 0.
Simple Overview/Study of Thermodynamics
• The 0th Law of Thermodynamics
The Zeroth Law simply says: there is no heat flow between objects that are the same temperature.
In essence, the Zeroth Law is just a definition of what temperature
is.
0th Law
Simple Overview/Study of Thermodynamics 0th
Law
T1 = T2No energy flow.
Simple Overview/Study of Thermodynamics
• The 1st Law of Thermodynamics
The First Law simply says: heat (energy) cannot be either “created” or “destroyed”
This is also known as:
The Law of the Conservation of
Energy
Simple Overview/Study of Thermodynamics
• The 1st Law of Thermodynamics
The First Law simply says: heat (energy)
cannot be either “created” or “destroyed”
0th Law 1st Law
T1 = T2No energy flow.
Amount of energy is “fixed”
Simple Overview/Study of Thermodynamics
• The 1st Law of Thermodynamics
The First Law also tells us…
“Heat” (energy) can only FLOW from place to place
-or- Change “forms” (of
energy) but;
It cannot be created from “nothing” or
reduced to “nothingness”
Simple Overview/Study of Thermodynamics
• The 1st Law of Thermodynamics
The First Law simply says: heat (energy) cannot be either “created” or “destroyed”
What is “work” (as defined by this law & science?
Scientists (physicists actually) have also developed another term from this 1st
Law of Thermodynamics.
The term is called “work”.
Simple Overview/Study of Thermodynamics
• The 1st Law of Thermodynamics
The First Law simply says: heat (energy) cannot be either “created” or “destroyed”
What is “work” (as defined by this law & science?
Scientists (physicists actually) have also developed another term from this 1st
Law of Thermodynamics.
The term is called “work”.
Simple Overview/Study of Thermodynamics
• The 1st Law of Thermodynamics
The First Law simply says: heat (energy) cannot be either “created” or “destroyed”
“work” occurs when energy flows from one place to another per science.
Scientific “work” will be done (or wasted) when “Heat” flows
or transfers from one place to another.
Simple Overview/Study of Thermodynamics
• The 1st Law of Thermodynamics
The First Law simply says: heat (energy)
cannot be either “created” or “destroyed”
0th Law 1st Law
T1 = T2No energy flow.
Amount of energy is “fixed”
& “work” = energy flow
Simple Overview/Study of Thermodynamics
• The 1st Law of Thermodynamics
The First Law simply says: heat (energy) cannot be either “created” or “destroyed”
Work in terms of Potential Energy
To put it another way...
When “heat” energy is waiting to flow
from a higher level (temperature) to a
lower level (temperature)… it can also be viewed as “work waiting to
happen”.
Simple Overview/Study of Thermodynamics
• The 1st Law of Thermodynamics
The First Law simply says: heat (energy) cannot be either “created” or “destroyed”
Work as PE
And; When “work is
waiting to happen”...
… we can also call this (in a loose
manner of speaking) POTENTIAL ENERGY
OrPE
Simple Overview/Study of Thermodynamics
• The 1st Law of Thermodynamics
The First Law simply says: heat (energy)
cannot be either “created” or “destroyed”
0th Law 1st Law
T1 = T2No energy flow.
PE = “work” waiting to happen
Amount of energy is “fixed”
& “work” = energy flow
Simple Overview/Study of Thermodynamics
• The 1st Law of Thermodynamics
The First Law simply says: heat (energy) cannot be either “created” or “destroyed”
“work” as KE
And by extension;When “work IS
happening” –or- flowing…
… we can also call this (in a loose
manner of speaking) KINETIC ENERGY
Or KE
Simple Overview/Study of Thermodynamics
• The 1st Law of Thermodynamics
The First Law simply says: heat (energy) cannot be either “created” or “destroyed”
“work” as KE
In simple terms… “Heat” usually shows
up in nature as the Kinetic Energy (KE) or
rates of movement of molecules in their gaseous, liquid, or
solid states of matter.
Simple Overview/Study of Thermodynamics
• The 1st Law of Thermodynamics
The First Law simply says: heat (energy)
cannot be either “created” or “destroyed”
0th Law 1st Law
T1 = T2No energy flow.
PE = “work” waiting to happen
Amount of energy is “fixed”
& “work” = energy flow& T1>T2 “work flows” =
KE
Simple Overview/Study of Thermodynamics
• The 1st Law of Thermodynamics
The First Law simply says: heat (energy) cannot be either “created” or “destroyed”
Now… Let’s go back to our
classroom “Twin-burn” candle
experiment/demo.
Simple Overview/Study of Thermodynamics
• The 1st Law of Thermodynamics
The First Law simply says: heat (energy) cannot be either “created” or “destroyed”
At the beginning of our “Twin-burn”
candle experiment/demo; the unlit candle at room temperature had some chemical
energy in the wax of the candle. But there is no heat flow from an unlit candle, so it can’t do any work..
Simple Overview/Study of Thermodynamics
• The 1st Law of Thermodynamics
The First Law simply says: heat (energy) cannot be either “created” or “destroyed”
A burning candle does not create heat
because…According to the 1st
Law of Thermodynamics
heat (energy) cannot be created or
destroyed.
Simple Overview/Study of Thermodynamics
• The 1st Law of Thermodynamics
The First Law simply says: heat (energy) cannot be either “created” or “destroyed”
A burning candle liberates heat.
Heat that already was in the candle (in the form of chemical energy) flows out..
Simple Overview/Study of Thermodynamics
• The 1st Law of Thermodynamics
The First Law simply says: heat (energy) cannot be either “created” or “destroyed”
The melted wax is hot because heat has
changed to a form that can escape.
Simple Overview/Study of Thermodynamics
• The 1st Law of Thermodynamics
The First Law simply says: heat (energy) cannot be either “created” or “destroyed”
Heat has merely moved from a hot
place to a cold place, making the hot place cooler and the cold
place warmer...
Simple Overview/Study of Thermodynamics
• The 1st Law of Thermodynamics
The First Law simply says: heat (energy) cannot be either “created” or “destroyed”
When both places are the same
temperature there will still be the same amount of heat as
there was before the candle was lit. The only difference is
that the heat is less well organized than
it was.
Simple Overview/Study of Thermodynamics
• The 1st Law of Thermodynamics
The First Law simply says: heat (energy) cannot be either “created” or “destroyed”
Previously the heat was concentrated in
the candle…
Simple Overview/Study of Thermodynamics
• The 1st Law of Thermodynamics
The First Law simply says: heat (energy) cannot be either “created” or “destroyed”
After the candle burns out, and everything
reaches the same temperature, the
heat is moreUniformly distributed.
It is more disorganized because it isn’t localized
in one place…… it is “spread out”.
Simple Overview/Study of Thermodynamics
• The 2nd Law of Thermodynamics
The Second Law simply says: heat (energy) in a “closed system” - one that does not exchange any energy with the surrounding environment – distributes itself out from a “Higher” organized state to a “Lower” disorganized state.
After the candle burns out, and everything
reaches the same temperature, the
heat is moreUniformly distributed.
It is more disorganized because it isn’t localized
in one place…… it is “spread out”.
Simple Overview/Study of Thermodynamics
• The 2nd Law of Thermodynamics
The fancy term for this spreading out or distribution of organized heat energy to a lower form of disorganized energy is - ENTROPY
After the candle burns out, and everything
reaches the same temperature, the
heat is moreUniformly distributed.
It is more disorganized because it isn’t localized
in one place…… it is “spread out”.
Simple Overview/Study of Thermodynamics
• The 2nd Law of Thermodynamics
The 2nd Law of Thermodynamics says this “spreading out” of
higher level organized energy into lower level disorganized energy is called: ENTROPY…
… always INCREASES in a Closed System.
The results of countless calculations have shown
that every time heat flows from a hot spot to
a cold spot, entropy increases.
Every time heat flows from a cold spot to a hot spot, entropy decreases.
Simple Overview/Study of Thermodynamics
• The 2nd Law of Thermodynamics
The 2nd Law of Thermodynamics says ENTROPY…
… always INCREASES in a Closed System.
The Second Law says that entropy always increases
in a closed system.
The universe is a closed system because there is nothing outside of it to
exchange heat with.
Simple Overview/Study of Thermodynamics
• The 2nd Law of Thermodynamics
Says: heat in a “closed system” distributes itself out from being
“highly organized” to “uniformly
organized” with its surroundings
0th Law 1st Law
T1 = T2No energy flow.
PE = “work” waiting to happen
energy amount is “fixed” /”work” =
energy flow& T1>T2 “work flows”
= KE
2nd Law
“organized” “disorganized” =
“entropy”
Simple Overview/Study of Thermodynamics
• The 2nd Law of Thermodynamics
The 2nd Law of Thermodynamics says this “spreading out” of
higher level organized energy into lower level disorganized
energy –or- ENTROPY…… always INCREASES in a Closed
System.
The Second Law says that entropy always increases
in a closed system.
Entropy can decrease in an open system only if energy is received from
an outside source. Whenever energy is received by an open
system, the sum of the entropy of the open
system plus the entropy of the outside source
increases.
Simple Overview/Study of Thermodynamics
• The 2nd Law of Thermodynamics
The 2nd Law of Thermodynamics says this “spreading out” of
higher level organized energy into lower level disorganized
energy –or- ENTROPY…… always INCREASES in a Closed
System.
The Second Law says that entropy always increases
in a closed system.
Entropy can decrease in an open system only if energy is received from
an outside source.
Simple Overview/Study of Thermodynamics
• The 2nd Law of Thermodynamics
The 2nd Law of Thermodynamics says this “spreading out” of
higher level organized energy into lower level disorganized
energy –or- ENTROPY…… always INCREASES in a Closed
System.
The Second Law says that entropy always increases
in a closed system.
And whenever energy is received by an open
system from an outside source; the sum of the
entropy of the open system plus the entropy
of the outside source – in total -- increases.
Simple Overview/Study of Thermodynamics
• The 3rd Law of Thermodynamics
The 3rd Law of Thermodynamics says “work” can be 100% efficient ONLY IF the final
temperature level is ABSOLUTE ZERO
The Third Law says all “work” processes are impossible to be 100%
efficient therefore, heat/work is lost each
time and this “loss” adds up over time.
Simple Overview/Study of Thermodynamics
• The 3rd Law of Thermodynamics
The 3rd Law of Thermodynamics says “work” can be 100% efficient ONLY IF the final
temperature level is ABSOLUTE ZERO
This means ALL energy flows are irreversible. At some point in the future everything will be at a uniform temperature
level thus no “work” will be possible.
Simple Overview/Study of Thermodynamics • The 3rd Law of
Thermodynamics
Says: “Work can only be 100% efficient (no work lost) IF
the lower temperature = Absolute Zero;
Which is impossible due to ZPE &
subatomic motion.
0th Law 1st Law
T1 = T2No energy flow.
PE = “work” waiting to happen
energy amount is “fixed” /”work” =
energy flow& T1>T2 “work flows”
= KE
2nd Law
“organized” “disorganized” =
“entropy”
3rd Law
“Work” < 100% Efficient & over time all “work”
will stop as T1 = T2
Simple Overview/Study of Thermodynamics
• The 3rd Law of Thermodynamics
The 3rd Law of Thermodynamics says “work” can be 100% efficient ONLY IF the final
temperature level is ABSOLUTE ZERO
When the temperature level of the universe
reaches uniformity – no work is possible and; the
universe will suffer a “heat death” of non-
existence.
Simple Overview/Study of Thermodynamics
• The 3rd Law of Thermodynamics
The 3rd Law of Thermodynamics says “work” can be 100% efficient ONLY IF the final
temperature level is ABSOLUTE ZERO
Absolute Zero is the theoretical point where
all motion stops.
There would be no “flow” of energy.
Simple Overview/Study of Thermodynamics
• The 3rd Law of Thermodynamics
The 3rd Law of Thermodynamics says “work” can be 100% efficient ONLY IF the final
temperature level is ABSOLUTE ZERO
The Study of Absolute Zero;
And with it ZPE (Zero Point Energy and its
impact upon the motion of electrons) as well as the Casimir Effect –or-
the magnetic “attraction” between
two “neutral” plates in a vacuum will be studied later by the Advanced
Science class.
Simple Overview/Study of Thermodynamics
The Laws of Thermodynamics
The 0th Law says: The energy of the entire universe flows irreversibly in one direction only;
The 1st Law says: We all have a “stake in the game”;
The 2nd Law says: We cannot get out of the game;
The 3rd Law says: We cannot possibly win…
In summary --
Simple Overview/Study of Thermodynamics
The Laws of Thermodynamics
The 0th Law says: The entire universe flows irreversibly in one direction only;
The 1st Law says: We all have a “stake in the game”;
The 2nd Law says: We cannot get out of the game;
The 3rd Law says: We cannot possibly win…
In summary –1.There is a fixed amount of heat in the universe. Heat is neither created, nor destroyed.
Simple Overview/Study of Thermodynamics
The Laws of Thermodynamics
The 0th Law says: The entire universe flows irreversibly in one direction only;
The 1st Law says: We all have a “stake in the game”;
The 2nd Law says: We cannot get out of the game;
The 3rd Law says: We cannot possibly win…
In summary –2.Heat is "organized" when there are some places that are hotter or at a higher temperature than others.
Simple Overview/Study of Thermodynamics
The Laws of Thermodynamics
The 0th Law says: The entire universe flows irreversibly in one direction only;
The 1st Law says: We all have a “stake in the game”;
The 2nd Law says: We cannot get out of the game;
The 3rd Law says: We cannot possibly win…
In summary –3.Heat always tries to disorganize itself by moving from a higher temperature hot place to a lower temperature cold place. And because of this temperature difference; spreading itself out as evenly as possible.
Simple Overview/Study of Thermodynamics
The Laws of Thermodynamics
The 0th Law says: The entire universe flows irreversibly in one direction only;
The 1st Law says: We all have a “stake in the game”;
The 2nd Law says: We cannot get out of the game;
The 3rd Law says: We cannot possibly win…
In summary –4.Entropy is a measure of how evenly spread out the heat is. (In other words, entropy is a measure of heat disorder.)
Simple Overview/Study of Thermodynamics
The Laws of Thermodynamics
The 0th Law says: The entire universe flows irreversibly in one direction only;
The 1st Law says: We all have a “stake in the game”;
The 2nd Law says: We cannot get out of the game;
The 3rd Law says: We cannot possibly win…
In summary –5.As heat flows from one place to another, it either does work or wastes the opportunity to do work
Simple Overview/Study of Thermodynamics
The Laws of Thermodynamics
The 0th Law says: The entire universe flows irreversibly in one direction only;
The 1st Law says: We all have a “stake in the game”;
The 2nd Law says: We cannot get out of the game;
The 3rd Law says: We cannot possibly win…
In summary –6.Natural processes cannot violate these laws.
Simple Overview/Study of Thermodynamics 0th
Law
T1 = T2No energy flow.
PE
1st Law
2nd Law
3rd Law
Amount of energy is “fixed”
KE
Energy spreads out to uniform
randomness = Entropy
Energy “flow” (work) is < 100% efficient and will ultimately
stop.