theory of architecture
DESCRIPTION
theoryTRANSCRIPT
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Source: Arch. Augusto VIllalon
NEEDS OF MAN- Physical Needs- Emotional Needs- Intellectual Needs
INFLUENCE OF NATURE- Geographical-Topographical-Climate
INFLUENCE OF MAN- Social Conditions- Economic Conditions- Technological Conditions
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Source: Arch. Augusto VIllalon
ACTIVITIES OF MAN- Desire for Preservation- Desire for Recognition- Desire for Response- Desire for Self-expression- Desire for Self-actualization
PRINCIPLES OF ART(Principles of Composition)
Movement Unity
Variety Balance
Emphasis Contrast
Proportion Pattern/Rhythm
ELEMENTS OF ART
Space Value Shape Form
Texture Color
INVISIBLE AND VISIBLE STRUCTURE- Form, Mass & Volume
Arrangement of VolumePrimary ShapesRegular and Irregular FormsTransformation of FormsArticulation of Forms
RED rage of passion, health and vitality, etcYELLOW gayety, stimulating cheering to the lazy,
upsetting to the nervousORANGE has stimulating effect (small amounts)BROWN restful and warming but should be
combined with orange GRAY cold, depressing unless combined with
warm colors WHITE cheerful, pure and clean PURPLE sedative and soothing, suggest melancholy
atmosphere, cowardliness, cheapness BLUEpeaceful and tranquilGREEN has cooling quality and act as sedative
AXIAL ARRANGEMENT
EMPHASIS
SECONDARY PRINCIPLES- Repetition- Transition- Alternation- Transformation
SPATIAL PERCEPTION
VISUAL AND OPTICAL ILLUSIONS
PERCEPTION OF SPACE DEPTH AND DISTANCE
CONCEPT FOR CONTEXT GETTING
PROCESS OF CONCEPT GETTING
HORIZONTAL DISPOSITIONPRINCIPLES RELATED TO FUNCTION
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people.clarkson.edu
www.dkimages.com
THE SYSTEM OF SPACE
Man orients to ‘objects’ that is, he adapts psychologically and technologically to physical things, he interacts with other people, and he grasp the abstract realities, or meaning which are transmitted through various languages created for the purpose of communication.
Sources: Architectural Theories of Design by George Salvan; A home in the World by Martine and Caroline Laffon and Forms, Space and Order by Francis DK CHing.
www.dkimages.com
THE SYSTEM OF SPACE
Man has created space to express the structure of his world. We may call this creation expressive or artistic space. Expressive space needs a concept which systematizes its possible property… this property is aesthetic!
Sources: Architectural Theories of Design by George Salvan; A home in the World by Martine and Caroline Laffon and Forms, Space and Order by Francis DK CHing.
www.axiidesigns.com
www.treas.gov
www.thewoombie.com
THE SYSTEM OF SPACE
As a rejoinder to man’s spatial needs as a result of oriented actions towards ‘objects’ and as dictated by desires for self- preservation, self-actualization, response, recognition, and self expression; a process known as space planning which aims to concretize “man’s existential space” evolved.
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Sources: Architectural Theories of Design by George Salvan; A home in the World by Martine and Caroline Laffon and Forms, Space and Order by Francis DK CHing.
THE SYSTEM OF SPACE
Architectural space is defined as a concretization of man’s existential space. It has to adopt itself to the needs of organic action as well as facilitating orientation through perception.
“Architectural space basically depicts “humanity” and suggests “cultural” identity.
Sources: Architectural Theories of Design by George Salvan; A home in the World by Martine and Caroline Laffon and Forms, Space and Order by Francis DK CHing.
www.healthyhomeplans.com
www.living-spaces.co.za
www.propertynetasia.com.my
What is a ‘SPACE’?
Space is the extent within which matter is physically extended and objects and events have positions relative to one another .
(source: Encyclopedia Britannica which was adopted by wikipedia.com)
The infinite extension of the three-dimensional region in which all matter exists.
(Source: Webster Dictionary)
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What is a ‘SPACE’?
An area provided for a particular purpose.
(from unknown source)
A blank or empty area.
(Common definition)
The area between things or inside of something.
(Source: Word Tutor)
TWO DISTINCT “TERMINOLOGIES”- PHYSICAL SPACE- ARCHITECTURAL SPACE
Sources: Architectural Theories of Design by George Salvan; A home in the World by Martine and Caroline Laffon and Forms, Space and Order by Francis DK CHing.
The difference of the architecture of the past and that of today is profound and significant… it is the result of new approaches in design made possible by social conditions and advances in technological conditions.
There was no freedom in planning since the designers only think of superficial details. Buildings then were inflexible.
Sources: Architectural Theories of Design by George Salvan; A home in the World by Martine and Caroline Laffon and Forms, Space and Order by Francis DK CHing.
The designers began and ended with a study of the external style, columns, doors, windows.
The process of design then is a complete reverse of the present. Formerly, we regarded buildings as piles of masonry for the purpose of separating man from space.
Sources: Architectural Theories of Design by George Salvan; A home in the World by Martine and Caroline Laffon and Forms, Space and Order by Francis DK CHing.
Design begins with a study of fundamental principles of planning based upon the needs of people and the resultant architectural forms.
Architecture is no longer bound to tradition or style.
Sources: Architectural Theories of Design by George Salvan; A home in the World by Martine and Caroline Laffon and Forms, Space and Order by Francis DK CHing.
Architecture is space, conditioned to suit human needs. It is enclosed with opaque or translucent and transparent materials in a manner that man may exist comfortably in it but may be spared the oppressiveness of heavy, confining walls.
Sources: Architectural Theories of Design by George Salvan; A home in the World by Martine and Caroline Laffon and Forms, Space and Order by Francis DK CHing.
The principles of space organization for architectural purposes are concerned with:
1. The use of space (utility and function) to serve the occupants.
2. The collaboration of materials (strength) permanence and security.
3. The contributions of aesthetics (beauty) in architecture.
Sources: Architectural Theories of Design by George Salvan; A home in the World by Martine and Caroline Laffon and Forms, Space and Order by Francis DK CHing.
The decision as to what type of organization to use in a specific situation will depend on:
1. The demands of the building program such as functional proximities, hierarchy of spaces, and requirements for access, light or view.
2. Exterior conditions of the site that might limit the organization’s form or growth, or that might encourage the organization to address certain features of its site and turn away from others.
Sources: Architectural Theories of Design by George Salvan; A home in the World by Martine and Caroline Laffon and Forms, Space and Order by Francis DK CHing.
Sources: Architectural Theories of Design by George Salvan; A home in the World by Martine and Caroline Laffon and Forms, Space and Order by Francis DK CHing.
Sources: Architectural Theories of Design by George Salvan; A home in the World by Martine and Caroline Laffon and Forms, Space and Order by Francis DK CHing.
Sources: Architectural Theories of Design by George Salvan; A home in the World by Martine and Caroline Laffon and Forms, Space and Order by Francis DK CHing.
Sources: Architectural Theories of Design by George Salvan; A home in the World by Martine and Caroline Laffon and Forms, Space and Order by Francis DK CHing.
SIMPLE PROGRESSION
PREPARATION- SURPRISE
CONSTRICTION-RELIEF
Sources: Architectural Theories of Design by George Salvan; A home in the World by Martine and Caroline Laffon and Forms, Space and Order by Francis DK CHing.
PLAN
Sources: Architectural Theories of Design by George Salvan; A home in the World by Martine and Caroline Laffon and Forms, Space and Order by Francis DK CHing.
PLANS
1. Contained space may have different shape from the host space.
2. Contained space may not be centrally located.
3. Contained space may take the shape of the host but may be oriented in different manner
Sources: Architectural Theories of Design by George Salvan; A home in the World by Martine and Caroline Laffon and Forms, Space and Order by Francis DK CHing.
PLAN
Sources: Architectural Theories of Design by George Salvan; A home in the World by Martine and Caroline Laffon and Forms, Space and Order by Francis DK CHing.
PLANS
1. The interlocking portion of the two volumes can be shared by each space.
2. The interlocking portion can be merge with one of the spaces and become integral part of its volume.
3. The interlocking portion can serve as a distinct space and may link the two interlocking volume.
Sources: Architectural Theories of Design by George Salvan; A home in the World by Martine and Caroline Laffon and Forms, Space and Order by Francis DK CHing.
PLANS
Sources: Architectural Theories of Design by George Salvan; A home in the World by Martine and Caroline Laffon and Forms, Space and Order by Francis DK CHing.
FOUR POSSIBILITIES OF SEPARATING PLANES
1. Adjacent spaces may have limited visual or direct access as reinforcement of individuality or differences.
Sources: Architectural Theories of Design by George Salvan; A home in the World by Martine and Caroline Laffon and Forms, Space and Order by Francis DK CHing.
FOUR POSSIBILITIES OF SEPARATING PLANES
2. Adjacent spaces may be separated by a free standing plane.
Sources: Architectural Theories of Design by George Salvan; A home in the World by Martine and Caroline Laffon and Forms, Space and Order by Francis DK CHing.
FOUR POSSIBILITIES OF SEPARATING PLANES
3. Adjacent spaces may just be separated by row of columns, by ceiling drapery and even by imposing “difference between texture quality”.
Sources: Architectural Theories of Design by George Salvan; A home in the World by Martine and Caroline Laffon and Forms, Space and Order by Francis DK CHing.
FOUR POSSIBILITIES OF SEPARATING PLANES
4. Adjacent spaces may be separated simply by surface articulation.
Sources: Architectural Theories of Design by George Salvan; A home in the World by Martine and Caroline Laffon and Forms, Space and Order by Francis DK CHing.
LINKING SPACE
Sources: Architectural Theories of Design by George Salvan; A home in the World by Martine and Caroline Laffon and Forms, Space and Order by Francis DK CHing.
Sources: Architectural Theories of Design by George Salvan; A home in the World by Martine and Caroline Laffon and Forms, Space and Order by Francis DK CHing.
Sources: Architectural Theories of Design by George Salvan; A home in the World by Martine and Caroline Laffon and Forms, Space and Order by Francis DK CHing.
PLAN
Sources: Architectural Theories of Design by George Salvan; A home in the World by Martine and Caroline Laffon and Forms, Space and Order by Francis DK CHing.
Sources: Architectural Theories of Design by George Salvan; A home in the World by Martine and Caroline Laffon and Forms, Space and Order by Francis DK CHing.
Sources: Architectural Theories of Design by George Salvan; A home in the World by Martine and Caroline Laffon and Forms, Space and Order by Francis DK CHing.
PLAN
Sources of Most of Illustrations, Figures and Photos of this Presentation: http://images.google.com.ph/images
KINESTHETIC- the sensation of movement or strain in muscles, tendons or joints,
Early JAPANESE GARDENdesigner understood the
interrelationship between the kinesthetic experience of
space and the visual experience.
Lacking wide-open spaces, and living close together as they do, the Japanese
learned to make the most of small spaces.
Japanese are ingenious in stretching visual space by exaggerating
kinesthetic involvement.
During the Heian period (794-1185), gardens shifted from solely representing religious beliefs to becoming, "a place
for ceremonies, amusement, and contemplation" (Miller).
Sources of Most of Illustrations, Figures and Photos of this Presentation: http://images.google.com.ph/images
MOVEMENT THROUGH SPACE
The circulation path can be conceived as the perceptual thread that links the spaces of a building, or any series of interior spaces, together.
1. BUILDING APPROACH2. BUILDING ENTRANCE3. CONFIGURATION OF PATH (OCCUPANTS
CONVEYOR AND CIRCULATION SPACES)
4. PATH-SPACE RELATIONSHIP (CONVEYOR-SPACE CONNECTOR)
5. PURVEYORS PATH
1. FRONTAL APPROACH- may lead directly to a building or can be the entire front facade of a building or an elaborate entrance within it.
2. OBLIQUE APPROACH- enhances the effect of perspective… it is being done to delay the sequence of approach
3. SPIRAL APPROACH-prolongs the sequence of approach and emphasize the three dimensions of the building.
1. FLUSH- maintains the continuity of wall surface
2. PROJECTED- providing shelter to the approach
3. RECESSED- also provides shelter and at the same time receive a portion of exterior space into the realm of the building
FLUSH
NATURE OF PATH’S CONFIGURATION IS INFLUENCED BY ORGANIZATIONAL PATTERN… IT COULD BE:
A circulation space may be enclosed, open on one side, and
even open on both sides
Sources of Most of Illustrations, Figures and Photos of this Presentation: http://images.google.com.ph/images
STUDY OF MEANING
The study of meaning is called SEMANTICS, which is usually thought as the meanings of words.
ARCHITECTURAL SEMANTICS =
ARCHITECTURAL MEANING OR SYMBOLISMS
Meaning is not only the first mental entity to come into consciousness, but that is also the entity
which commonly inspire creative works.
“PERCEPTION”
SIGN- INDEXICAL SIGN (INDEX)… there is existential relation between signifier and signified- ICONIC SIGN… concern a different set of relations between signifier and signified although, there is always present existential and indexical relationship.- SYMBOLIC SIGN… where conventional relation between signifier and signified
•Ching, Francis DK. A visual dictionary of architecture. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold/ Wiley, 1995.
•Ching, Francis DK. Forms, space and order. New York: Wiley, 2000
•Farrelly, Lorraine. The Fundamentals of architecture. Switzerland : AVA Pub., c2007.
•Salvan, George. Architectural theories of design : Manila : GoodwillPublications, 2000.
