Lecture 11.

SYSTEMS OF FARMING

The systems of farming and types of cultivation vary according to the climatic condition, soil types and irrigation potential available in a particular place. The common systems of farming are dry land farming, garden land farming and wetland farming

Dry farming

In dry farming crops are cultivated purely under rainfed condition. Depending upon the nature of rainfall, it may be either unimodel (uniform rainfall distribution either during SW monsoon (or) NE monsoon seasons or bimodal (uniform rainfall distribution during both the monsoon seasons). Either single or double crops are raised depending upon the nature of rainfall in dry farming. Example: Cotton, millets, oilseeds

Garden land farming (Irrigated Dry crop)

Crops are raised by using irrigation water. The water for irrigation may be obtained from bore well, open well, ponds or tanks depending upon the availability of resources. Crops are irrigated based on crop need or based on type of soil. Example: pulses, cotton, chillies, vegetables, oilseeds etc.

Wetland farming

Crops such as rice, banana, sugarcane, turmeric etc. are cultivated with abundant water supply. In wetland farming crops are grown with assured water supply.

Opportunity farming (Marketing): Profit is the deserving factor.

Example: Basmathi 2 ½ t/ha - Rs. 25/- per kg

Response farming: We are aiming for maximum output.

Example: IR.50 - 5 t/ha - Rs. 5/- per kg

Irrigated dry: Sorghum - Cotton - Pulse

Oilseeds - Cotton - Pulse

Irrigated wet: Turmeric - Rice - Rice - Pulse

Banana - Banana (ratoon) - Rice sequence

Sugarcane - Sugarcane (ratoon) - Rice sequence

Rainfed dry: (mono modal): Single crop of any one of the following

(Sorghum / cotton / maize / groundnut)

Rainfed dry: (bimodal): Double cropping - In Dharmapuri, Salem areas

Oilseeds - Ragi

Rainfed wet: Rice, Rice - pulse, Rice - Rice - pulse