THE XXI CENTURY THE XXI CENTURY TRASPORTS TRASPORTS

LINK BETWEEN EUROPE AND AFRICA

Italy, bridge across Mediterranean Sea

Great buildings in the past and Great buildings in the past and present timepresent time

YESTERDAY “To connect the oceans” (Panama, Suez)

• Powerful states, owners of powerful fleets

Through “parallels”• The courses to East

TODAY To connect the “Countries” Also through “meridians”Gibraltar and Mazara two borderlands of Europe

THE STRAIT OF MESSINA BRIDGETHE STRAIT OF MESSINA BRIDGE

Link between Italian regions and/or hinge between two continents ?

It will promote the change of goods transport from road to railway

SUBMARINE TUNNELSSUBMARINE TUNNELS

Existing tunnels

Sei-Kan Tunnel (Japan) Eurotunnel (France –England) Tokyo Bay (Aqualine) Tunnel (Japan)

Future tunnels

Tsushima-Kaikyo (strait) and Korean strait Gibraltar (Morocco-Spain) Bering Strait (Russia-USA)

SEI –KAN SEI –KAN

53.850 m length, existing from 1988 section

SEI - KANSEI - KAN

Profile

EUROTUNNELEUROTUNNEL

section

EUROTUNNELEUROTUNNEL

Upgrading works (Stratford-Dover, in progress)

TOKYO BAY- TUNNEL TOKYO BAY- TUNNEL Profile

TOKYO BAY- TUNNELTOKYO BAY- TUNNELBridge and artificial island Kase–no-to

TOKYO BAY- TUNNEL TOKYO BAY- TUNNEL Humi - Hotaru artificial island and bridge

GIBRALTAR TUNNEL GIBRALTAR TUNNEL

PLAN

GIBRALTAR TUNNEL GIBRALTAR TUNNEL

PLAN AND SECTION

GIBRALTAR TUNNELGIBRALTAR TUNNEL

PROFILE

BERING TUNNELBERING TUNNELRussia – USA and two Diomede’s islands

KOREA - JAPAN TUNNEL KOREA - JAPAN TUNNEL

in project 120 km length, 5 islands

Sicily – Africa: tunnel trackSicily – Africa: tunnel track

Sicily - Africa Sicily - Africa profile, plan, sectionprofile, plan, section

P R O F I L O L O N G I T U D I N A L E D E L T U N N E L S O T T O I L C A N A L E D I S I C I L I A ( S I C I L I A - T U N I S I A ) P E R I L C O L L E G A M E N T O F E R R O V I A R I O T R A E U R O P A - A F R I C A S 1 S 2 S 3 S 4

2 0 k m 3 1 k m 2 9 k m 3 0 k m 2 6 k m C A P O B O N P I Z Z O L A T O I _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ I _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ I _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ I _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ I _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ I T U N I S I A S I C I L I A

T a b e l l a – P r o f o n d i t à f o n d a l i e t u n n e l I s o l e A r t i f i c i a l i

S 1 S 2 S 3 S 4

D i s t a n z a d a l l a S i c i l i a

1 3 6 1 2 0 1 3 1 1 1 6 1 0 5 9 2 8 5 7 4 6 3 5 6 4 8 4 0 2 6 2 2 1 0 3 0

P r o f o n d i t à f o n d a l e

0 2 5 1 5 0 5 6 2 0 5 2 0 0 6 0 8 0 7 0 4 0 9 0 3 5 5 8 6 0 9 2 3 0 0

P r o f o n d i t à T u n n e l

1 2 0 1 3 0 1 9 0 2 0 0 2 4 5 2 4 0 2 0 0 1 5 0 1 1 5 1 2 0 1 3 0 8 0 1 1 2 1 1 0 1 4 0 7 5 6 5

Tunnel Principale

Tunnel Principale

Tunnel di servizio

Connessione smorzamento effetto pistone ogni 200 metri

connessione di bypass totale ogni 375 metri

ARTIFICIAL ISLANDSARTIFICIAL ISLANDS

Channel of Sicily, is it possible to build a 130 km long tunnel ?

Artificial islands, Japanese experience, environment damage or benefit ?

REALIZATIONREALIZATION

Heads and islandsTBM machines Scheme and performances

RESULTS IN THE TIMERESULTS IN THE TIME

Why only goods and services ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES

Building yard timeNorth Africa productions, quality and

quantity changesRemoval of industriesIncrease of people’s incomes and

fundamental consumptions

STAGESSTAGES

Research and feasibility projectConstituting Consortia and finding

investorsTechnical project and work planningTunnel heads, islands and links

realization Drilling phaseRealization of systems and plants

Technical data and performances Technical data and performances of the Sicily – Tunisia tunnel of the Sicily – Tunisia tunnel

-Total length 150 km.-Submarine portion length 136 km.- Two galleries (one for each way) with 7.6 m diameter,

and a 45 m distance between them.- Gallery of exploration/service 4.8 m diameter in

central position between the transit galleries.- Practicable total bypass connections every 375m.

- Aerodynamic bypass every 200 m.

-Electric supply at the ends linked with national Tunisian/Italian power nets. At least two power stations at the artificial islands.

PHASES OF CONSTRUCTIONPHASES OF CONSTRUCTION

The realization of the tunnel, by analogy with similar works, is divided in 4 phases at least:

- Geologic research and executive project, planning and commissioning (for a period of about 4 years).The works for the construction of the tunnel include three phases (for an estimable length of about 7 years):

- Positioning of 4 platforms for the building of artificial islands (well technique) and beginning of the realization of the heads (Pizzolato and Cape Bon terminals).

- digging of the different portions of the tunnel (5 long sections) and building of artificial islands.

- installation of all the technical plants (ventilation systems, drain systems …)

GOODS TRANSPORT ACROSS GOODS TRANSPORT ACROSS MEDITERRANEAN SEAMEDITERRANEAN SEA