the world of analog micropower - lci.ufsc.br
TRANSCRIPT
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University of Pavia
Integrated Micorsystem Group
The World of Analog
Micropower
Franco Maloberti
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Introduction
Electronics was born in …
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Introduction
The first step of modern electronics
FirstTransistor. Bell Laboratories.
December 16, 1947
William Shockley (seated)
John Bardeen (left)
Walter Brattain (right)3
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Introduction
The beginning of integrated electronics
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Introduction
The beginning of integrated electronics
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Introduction
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Introduction
Analog Circuits
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Introduction
And Digital
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Introduction
The microprocessor(μp)
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1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
Year
Tra
nsis
tor
pe
r D
ie
4004
80088080
8086
80286386TM Processor
486TM Processor Pentium
®Processor
Pentium II®
Processor
Pentium III®
Processor
Pentium 4®
Processor
ItaniumTM Processor
ItaniumTM 2 Processor
Dual-Core
ItaniumTM 2 Processor
"The number of transistors on a piece of silicon would
double every couple of years"
Moore's Law
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Technology
Big changes
Courtesy Stefan Rusu Intel10
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Modern times
Power consumption
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Question …
WILL DIGITAL DOMINATE …
AND ANALOG FADE?
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Answer
Miniaturization
Versus
Diversification
CERTAINLY NOT!
BUT
CHANGE YOUR LIFESTYLE!!!!
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More than Moore
Miniaturization versus Diversification
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SoC Versus SiP
Moore Law: Transistros density doubles every 18 monthsValid for pure digital design
Many analog functions do not scale
Solution:More than Moore
Discrete ComponentsTransistors. & ICs
On PCBs
Analog & Digital ICsOn same package SiP
ICs MEMS Sensors
Through Chip Vias3D Integration
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Systems and not single Device
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MARKET AND SOCIETY TREND
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Key requirements for microsystems
Sensors
Analog processing and data conversion
Low power and short range communication
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Social needs
Microelectronics and quality of life
Textiles capable to measure
Bio-mecanical and physiological signals
Smart materials embedded into fibers
For multi-parameter analysis
Textile sensors
Courtesy Prof. Danilo De Rossi Univ. Pisa19
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Applicazioni
Textile for sensors
Bekinox® VS is a sliver of 100 % stainless
steel fibres.
Benefit:
Low cost
Multisensor systems in a garmet
Wearability
Research in material scienceElectrical properties Metalic wires
Conductive coating
Courtesy Prof. Danilo De Rossi Univ. Pisa20
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Applications
ECG
5 signals at the same time Einthoven Leads: D1, D2, D3 Precordial Leads: V2, V5
Courtesy Prof. Danilo De Rossi Univ. Pisa21
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Applications
Safety
Courtesy Prof. Danilo De Rossi Univ. Pisa
Smart sensor system
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Applications
Antennas for communication
Courtesy Prof. Danilo De Rossi Univ. Pisa23
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Common features
Sensors
Analog and digital processing
Micropower and Communication
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Common features
An example
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Power from ….
Power harvesting
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Thermoelectric
Power harvesting
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Mechanical energy
Power harvesting
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Vibration, microbes based, light
Power harvesting
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How much power?
0.15-0.01 µW/ cm 20.2-0.02 30
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Storing power
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Batteries
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Batteries
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Batteries
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My University
Pavia
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My University
Year: 825 (theological and law school) 1361 (studium generale)
Famous Faculty: A. Volta, G. Cardano, C. Golgi, U. Foscolo
The University of Pavia is one of the oldest universities in Europe. An edict issued by King Lotarius quotes ahigher education institution in Pavia as already established 825 A.D. This institution, mainly devoted toecclesiastical and civil law as well as to divinity studies, was then elected as high educational centre fornorthern Italy. Enlarged and renovated by the Duke of Milan, Gian Galeazzo Visconti, it became the Universityof the Duchy, having been officially established as a studium generale by Emperor Charles IV in 1361.
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My University
VOLT comes after Alessandro Volta, Pavia Professor and Rector
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Micropower analog cells
9.4-ENoB 1V 3.8µW 100kS/s SAR ADC ISSCC '08
A. Agnes, E. Bonizzoni, P. Malcovati, F. Maloberti, “A 9.4 ENoB, 1V, 3.8uW, 100 kS/s SAR-ADC with
Time-Domain Comparator”, IEEE ISSCC Dig. Tech. Papers, pp. 246-610, Feb. 2008.
A. Agnes, E. Bonizzoni, P. Malcovati, F. Maloberti, “An Ultra-Low Power Successive
Approximation A/D Converter with Time-Domain Comparator”, Analog Integrated Circuits and
Signals Processing, vol. 64, pp. 183-190, Aug. 2010.
Design specifications:
• Supply voltage 1 ÷ 1.2V
• Sample rate 100kS/s
• FoM less than 100fJ per conv. step
• Power consumption less than 5uW
• Input range 0.8V
• 10-11 output Bit LSB ≈ 780-390uV
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Micropower analog cells
0.18-µm CMOS 2Poly, 5Metal
Core area 0.24 mm2 - Die area 0.7 mm2
9.4-ENoB 1V 3.8µW 100kS/s SAR ADC ISSCC '08
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Micropower analog cells
Process 0.18-µm CMOS
Area 0.7mm2
Voltage Supply 0.8 to 1.8V
Clock Frequency Max 1.4MHz
Sampling Rate Max 100kS/s
Power Consumption 3.8µW @ 1V
SNDR 58
ENOB 9.4 Bit
FoM 56 fJ/conv. step
PERFORMANCE SUMMARY
9.4-ENoB 1V 3.8µW 100kS/s SAR ADC ISSCC '08
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Micropower analog cells
12 mA Chopper Amplifier ISSCC ’10
M. Belloni, E. Bonizzoni, A. Fornasari, and F. Maloberti, “A Micropower Chopper-Correlated
Double-Sampling Amplifier with 2µV Standard Deviation Offset and 37nV/sqrt(Hz) Input Noise
Density”, IEEE ISSCC Dig. Tech. Papers, pp. 76-77, Feb. 2010.
M. Belloni, E. Bonizzoni, A. Fornasari, and F. Maloberti, “A Micropower
Chopper-CDS Operational Amplifier”, IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits,
vol. 45, n. 12, pp. 2521-2529, Dec. 2010.
Supply Voltage from 1.8 V to 5 V
Common Mode Input Range from 0 to 5 V
Ripple Free Operation
Very High DC Gain (>150 dB)
Minimum Residual Offset
Current Consumption Less than 15 µA
Chopping Frequency = 500 kHz
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Micropower analog cells
12 mA chopper Amplifier ISSCC ’10
Mixed 0.18-0.5µm 5V CMOS
Dual poly
6 metal layers
Natural transistors available
Chip area: 1.21 mm x 0.95 mm
(including pads)
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Micropower analog cells
12 mA chopper Amplifier ISSCC ’10
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5° Seminario de Nanoelectrónicay Diseño Avanzado
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Micropower analog cells
Bandgap voltage generators generate a voltage almost temperature
independent. They are important as reference of data converters.
They use two terms one PTAT and the other CTAT (proportional and
complementayr to the absolute temperature) one balancing the other
Low power and low voltage are very important for portable applications. The
voltage of a single solar cell is about 0.6-0.7 V.
This work generates 0.193 V.
The current consumption is 480nA with supplies ranging from 1V to 0.65V.
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Micropower analog cells
Unpublished
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Micropower analog cells
Unpublished
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Other Chips
INCREMENTAL ADC SENSOR INTERFACE
E. Bonizzoni, A. Pena Perez, H. Caracciolo, D. Stoppa, F. Maloberti, “An incremental ADC sensor interface
with input switch-less integrator featuring 220-nVrms resolution with 30-mV input range”, Proc. European
Solid-State Circuits Conference (ESSCIRC), pp. 389-392, Sept. 2012.
A B
C
EF
G A: Op-amp
B: Input CMFB
C: ComparatorD
D: Digital Logic
E: Clock Generator
F: Switches
G: Sampling and DAC
Capacitances
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Other Chips
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SAR Data ConverterTwo-bit per stage, 8-bit 400MS/s, 65 nm CMOS
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Other Chips
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Final Reflection
The World of Analog
Micropower
The World of Systems
with micro-power consumption
MULTIDISCIPLINARITY
System matters … then, single function
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Therefore
Sensors
Analog Interface
Digital Processor
Tranceiver
Power management
Power harvesting
Power state-of-the-art of a single component or even the low-power
of macro-functions does not make much sense anymore
Reducing the power consumption of the analog interface does not help …
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For this case
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Another reflection
Moore than Moore is pushingTechnology in a “different” direction
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Another reflection
Don’t just focus ondeep submicron technologies, othertechnologies and Method can be disruptive (and rewarding)
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Thank you
The pile: Invented by Alessandro Volta
Professor at University of Pavia 55
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