THE WORLD IS FLAT:

THE TEN FORCES THAT FLATTENED THE WORLD

(THE LAST 5 FORCES)

Amira Khemakhem 10-B

Definition: manufacturing's version of outsourcing.

Offshoring

Describes the relocation by a company of a business process from one country to another (usually an operational process such as manufacturing, or supporting processes such as accounting).

State governments employ offshoring. Substitution of a service from any foreign source

for a service formally produced internally to the firm.

In some cases, only imported services from subsidiaries or other closely related suppliers are included.

About Offshoring

About Offshoring (cont.) Can be seen in the context of either production

offshoring or services offshoring. After its succession in the World Trade Organization (also known as (WTO), in 2001, the People’s Republic of China emerged as a prominent destination for offshoring.

After technical progress in telecommunications improved the possibilities of trade in services, India became a country leading in this domain though many parts of the world are now emerging as offshore destinations.

Economic logic is to reduce costs. The idea is that countries should freely trade items that cost the least for them to produce.

Sources on Offshoring “Offshoring – Outsourcing to Extreme”

http://management.about.com/cs/people/a/offshoring104.htm

“Offshoring: The Next Industrial Revolution?” http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/61514/alan-s-blinder/offshoring-the-next-industrial-revolution

“Offshoring” http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Offshoring

Definition: any sequence processes involved in the production of and distribution of a commodity.

Supply-Chaining

About Supply-Chaining The system of organizations, people, technology, activities,

information and resources involved in moving a product or service from supplier to customer.

Transform natural resources, raw materials and components into a finished product that is delivered to the end customer.

In sophisticated supply chain systems, used products may re-enter the supply chain at any point where residual value is recyclable. They link value chains.

Begins with ecological and biological regulation of natural resources, followed by the human extraction of raw material, and includes several production links before moving on to several layers of storage facilities of ever-decreasing size and ever more remote locations, and finally reaching the consumer.

Sources on Supply-Chaining “Supply chain”

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supply_chain “Supply Chaining and a Flat World”

http://www.supplychainasia.com/supply-chain-management/supply-chaining-and-a-flat-world-can-scm-processes-be-outsourced-to-india.html

“Introduction to Supply Chain Management” http://logistics.about.com/od/supplychainintroduction/a/into_scm.htm

Insourcing Definition: the business practice of using

current personnel or resourcing for new tasks or projects.

About Insourcing The opposite of outsourcing. Defined as the delegation of operations or jobs

from production within a business to an internal entity that specializes in that operation.

A business that is often made to maintain control of critical production or competencies.

An alternate use of the term implies transferring jobs to within the country where the term is used, either by hiring local subcontractors or building a facility.

Widely used in an area such as production to reduce costs of taxes, labor and transportation

Sources on Insourcing “Insourcing”

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insourcing “Insourcing”

http://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/0,,sid9_gci1185946,00.html

“Outsourcing vs. Insourcing: What’s best for your Organization?” http://www.outsource2india.com/why_india/articles/outsourcing-versus-insourcing.asp

Definition: to give or provide information.

In-forming

About In-forming Search engines are used for in-forming, and are

special sites on the World Wide Web intended to help people find information that are stored on other sites.

Enables the search engines to work in many different ways, but must have three basic functions that they perform: must be able to search the internet using key words; must keep an index of the word it finds and where they found them; must allow people to look for words or a combination of words in the index.

Sources on In-forming

“In-Forming: Google, Yahoo!, MSN Web Search” http://www.oppapers.com/essays/In-Forming-Google-Yahoo-Msn-Web-Search/171621

Definition: personal digital devices.

“The Steroids”

About “The Steroids”

They amplify and turbo-charge all other flatteners.

Going to further empower all other forms of collaboration.

Sources on “The Steroids”

“Mandoforms and Personal Devices” http://www.mandoforms.com/initiatives/personal_devices.html

“Mobiles as Real Personal Devices” http://www.siliconindia.com/guestcontributor/guestarticle/78/Mobiles_as_Real_Personal_Devices_Shankar_Narayanan.html