the wood products council education (aia/ces) · 3 architects 3 engineers 3 contractors or cms 3...

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The Wood Products Council” is a Registered Provider with The American Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems (AIA/CES). Credit(s) earned on completion of this program will be reported to AIA/CES f AIA b C tifi t fC l ti f b th AIA AIA/CES for AIA members. Certificates of Completion for both AIA members and non-AIA members are available upon request. This program is registered with AIA/CES for continuing professional This program is registered with AIA/CES for continuing professional education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any material of construction or any method or manner of handling, using, material of construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product. Questions related to specific materials methods and services will be Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services will be addressed at the conclusion of this presentation. Copyright Materials This presentation is protected by US and International Copyright laws. Reproduction, di t ib ti di l d f th t ti distribution, display and use of the presentation without written permission of the speaker is prohibited. © The Wood Products Council 2011 Wood Solutions Fair Dec 7, 2011 Dallas, Texas History in South Carolina History in South Carolina Our public school facilities are shaped by an event that occurred in the first part of the 20 th century a tragic fire. Because of this fire, wood is not a material utilized even to this day with great amounts in South Carolina public schools.

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Page 1: The Wood Products Council Education (AIA/CES) · 3 Architects 3 Engineers 3 Contractors or CMs 3 Office of School Facility Members w/Director as Chair 3 K-12 Administrators 2 Legislators

“The Wood Products Council” is a Registered Provider with The American Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems (AIA/CES). Credit(s) earned on completion of this program will be reported to AIA/CES f AIA b C tifi t f C l ti f b th AIAAIA/CES for AIA members. Certificates of Completion for both AIA members and non-AIA members are available upon request.

This program is registered with AIA/CES for continuing professionalThis program is registered with AIA/CES for continuing professional education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any material of construction or any method or manner of handling, using,material of construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product.

Questions related to specific materials methods and services will beQuestions related to specific materials, methods, and services will be addressed at the conclusion of this presentation.

Copyright Materials

This presentation is protected by US and International Copyright laws. Reproduction,

di t ib ti di l d f th t tidistribution, display and use of the presentation without written permission of the speaker is

prohibited.

© The Wood Products Council 2011

Wood  Solutions  Fair

Dec 7, 2011           Dallas,  Texas

History in South CarolinaHistory in South Carolina

Our public school facilities are shaped by an event that occurred in the first part of the 20th century ‐a tragic fire.

Because of this fire, wood is not a material ,utilized even to this day with great amounts in South Carolina public schools.

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The Cleveland FireThe Cleveland Fire

In 1923  a school burned outside Camden  SC     a In 1923, a school burned outside Camden, SC,   – a national tragedy still recognized.  300 came that night.

The Last GraduationThe Last Graduation

They were there for a children’s graduation play that ended in tragedy. News from the small town would g ybe known all over the country by morning.

The play was a tradition that would be the last that e p ay as a t ad t o t at ou d be t e ast t atnight. It was announced that the school would close after this school year and that these would be the last students to pass through these halls.

The building was a two‐story, wooden frame building with the auditorium and stage on the second floor. The key feature of the second floor 

     i h  t i   hi h   th   l   it was a 30 inch staircase which was the only exit from the second floor.

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As was customary in those days, oil lamps were burned when night fell. They hung along the corridor and above the stage. At approximately 

 h    l  th t    b  th   t  f ll 21:00 hours a lamp that was above the stage fell and started a fire on the stage. There were attempts to put the fire out with coats but the fire attempts to put the fire out with coats but the fire spread to the stage curtains.

With the room being filled beyond capacity and the obstacle of chairs, the exiting of people was difficult at best. As people realized that the exit 

 j d  th   t t d j i   t  f th  was jammed, they started jumping out of the second story windows and were severely injured. The room was dark  filled with smoke and getting The room was dark, filled with smoke and getting hotter and more putrid.

As the stair way was full with people stuck on them, they finally gave way from the weight, spilling them to the floor below. At the same ti  th    fl     l   li i   t  th  time, the upper floor was also slipping onto the floor below.

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The morning light served to confirm the worse fears of the survivors. Relatives and friends from nearby that now happened on the scene were l  t k  b k b  th    B di    l id also taken back by the carnage. Bodies were laid 

on the ground and on lookers began the gruesome task of identifying the remains  gruesome task of identifying the remains. Identification was difficult at best as many bodies were limb and headless due to the intensity of the yfire and the crush of the building.

77 Died That Nightin the Cleveland Firein the Cleveland Fire

Thirteen bodies were claimed by relatives and taken home for burial. But at least 67 remained. It was nearly impossible to separate and identify the other dead. It was determined that since they h d di d  h   h   ld b  b i d  hhad died together, they would be buried together.

Just one mile from the school stood Beulah Methodist Church and Cemetery. A large grave, 12 feet by 40 feet, was prepared. The bodies were 

d f  th   h l  d  d  l d i  th  removed from the school yard and placed in the mass grave. Between three and five thousand persons attended the funeral service  persons attended the funeral service. 

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Legislation  1924Legislation, 1924

The next year, 1924, the South Carolina Legislators passed a law requiring that all public Legislators passed a law requiring that all public schools use national codes in their construction.   In lieu of the Cleveland Fire no combustible materials were allowed, eliminating wood.

Pop QuizPop Quiz

What was another tragic fire of 1923?

Name other tragic fires of the ages   What did Name other tragic fires of the ages.  What did they have in common with the Cleveland Fire in South Carolina in 1923?9 3

1923 Tokyo Fire142 000 Perished142,000 Perished

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Updating LegislationUpdating Legislation

In 2002 our Office of School Facilities in the State Department of Education began a process to update our state public school facility requirements without having to go through  l i l i  i l i   h   l  bl   Th  legislation involving the general assembly.  The last update utilizing this process had taken place in 1983   The guide at that time did not even in 1983.  The guide at that time did not even mention computer usage!

The Major PlayersThe Major Players

Our state superintend of education (elected in South Carolina) was on board to get this done.

Our chief of staff was a former legislator – also on board.

The House and Senate chairs for Education were approached and gave input to their acceptance of pp g p pthe effort.

The Governor’s Office was on board if we agreed to work with him on site size requirements.  

Legislation  2004Legislation was passed that allowed for the first 

Legislation, 2004

time a peer group of public school facility players ‐administrators, architects, engineers, code ffi i l  di bilit     d ti   itt  officials, disability reps, education committee 

chairs of the legislators, etc. to meet annually to update the public school facility requirementsupdate the public school facility requirements.

It also included wording from the Governor’s office on site requirements that gained his office on site requirements that gained his support.

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South Carolina Code Ann. §59‐23‐210 (Supp. 2010) allows the latest standards for construction and renovation of public schools to be published b  th  St t  D t t  f Ed ti  A by the State Department of Education. A committee appointed by the State Department of Education annually updates this publication  It Education annually updates this publication. It also requires that plans and specifications receive approval before bidding.pp g

C itt  M b  

3 Architects 3 Engineers 3 Contractors or CMs

Committee Members 2010

3 Architects 3 Engineers 3 Contractors or CMs3 Office of School Facility Members w/Director as ChairChair3 K-12 Administrators 2 Legislators or Designees1 State Engineer 1 Planner 1 Rehab Engineer1 State Engineer 1 Planner 1 Rehab Engineer 1 Teacher The State Fire MarshalThe State Fire Marshal Director of Emergency Management

Ensuing Updates to Guide2007 –Type IV construction (heavy wood) is 

Ensuing Updates to Guide

allowed.

2009 –Type V construction (wood) is allowed with certain stipulations that wood be covered with materials not subject to destruction (such as h k)sheetrock).

2011 – IBC (International Building Code) is d h daccepted without any Type Construction edits.

s1Slide 27

s1 Type IV construction is heavy Timber

Type III is similar to Type V except that exterior walls are required to be 2 hour rated and are non-combustible or use Fir Retardant Treated Wood scott, 02/12/2011

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Changing a CultureChanging a Culture

From the Cleveland Fire of 1923 it took until 2011 to fully accept the national code (IBC) in South Carolina public schools.

That’s almost 90 years.

The Present Culture in South  Carolina

Most school facility directors in the school districts in South Carolina are still reluctant to use 

d   T  V wood or Type V construction,  even though we are a state that though we are a state that has a large timber supply.

Forestry Statistics in South  Carolina Forestry Statistics in Texas

Page 9: The Wood Products Council Education (AIA/CES) · 3 Architects 3 Engineers 3 Contractors or CMs 3 Office of School Facility Members w/Director as Chair 3 K-12 Administrators 2 Legislators

Forestry Statistics in TexasWhy the Reluctance in South Carolina?Why the Reluctance in South Carolina?

1. Concern about sheetrock not being resistant.

2  Insurance2. Insurance.

3. Even though wood has some thermal and    seismic advantages for LEED certifications  CMU seismic advantages for LEED certifications, CMU has recycled components that are LEED friendly.

4  Life cycle cost4. Life cycle cost.

How do wood and steel beams compare

LIFE SAFETYFairview Elementary School

Page 10: The Wood Products Council Education (AIA/CES) · 3 Architects 3 Engineers 3 Contractors or CMs 3 Office of School Facility Members w/Director as Chair 3 K-12 Administrators 2 Legislators

What protects PEOPLE from fires?

•Smoke Alarms

S i kl•Sprinklers

•Egress

•Firestopping

•Endurance of building materialsf g•Combustibility•Protected or Unprotected

Why Use Wood?Why Use Wood?

Wood Construction is FasterWood Construction is Faster

When it comes to building educational facilities, speed pays off.  Faster completion and move‐in saves school districts money   Speed is one of the key benefits of districts money.  Speed is one of the key benefits of wood‐frame construction. Wood products are readily available and usually delivered more quickly than steel, which is often shipped from overseas. Wood‐frame assembly is fast. Plus, most communities tend to have a large pool of tradespeople with wood framing experience, g p p p g p ,which affects labor availability and contributes to local economies

Warmth of Wood Promotes LearningWarmth of Wood Promotes Learning

Warmth is another reason architects and building designers

like to use wood in schools. Many feel that exposed wood

enhances learning by providing an inviting and enriching

environment. Wood also provides visual interest and softens

interior spaces. As a result, it makes learning more comfortable

for students than steel or concrete, both of which can have a

cold, institutional feel.

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Green Building for SchoolsGreen Building for Schools

A study released in 2007 by McGraw‐Hill Construction found that the education sector was the fastest growing market for green building. The report also noted “an market for green building. The report also noted  an increasingly widespread adoption of policies that require public buildings to have green characteristics.”  Widely recognized for its environmental attributes  wood is well recognized for its environmental attributes, wood is well positioned to help schools meet their green building requirements

Wood is Energy Efficient

Wood‐frame buildings are energy efficient and  depending on

Wood is Energy Efficient

Wood‐frame buildings are energy efficient and, depending on

the design, may result in operational savings for the school

district over the entire life of the school.

For example, because steel is less resistant to heat flow

than wood, steel studs create a bridge for heat transfer

through the building envelope  As a result  steel framethrough the building envelope. As a result, steel‐frame

buildings require more insulation to achieve the same thermal

performance that wood buildings provide, and even then

may cost more to heat and cool. If metal is not thermally

isolated, the resulting thermal bridges can also become prime

locations for moisture condensationlocations for moisture condensation

Another Pop QuizAnother Pop Quiz

What are your reasons for using wood in public schools in your state? 

Concerns?Concerns?

South Carolina Schools$2.7 million from the estimated costs for a new high school

The Fountain Lake School District saved $1 million when it converted a two‐story middle school design from steel to wood  middle school design from steel to wood. 

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Present Day Wood in Schools in ySouth Carolina

In an elementary school in the Charleston School In an elementary school in the Charleston School District, which has a high seismic zone, the owner is going to utilize wood in the renovation because g gof its good seismic qualities. 

Wood in California SchoolsWood in California Schools

In some parts of the country, seismic safety is also

critically important  It’s interesting to note that  incritically important. It s interesting to note that, in

California, one of the most highly regulated 

 i   h  U S  i     f  i istates in the U.S. in terms of seismic

requirements, roughly 60 percent of schools use fwood‐frame construction.

Seismic Requirements in CharlestonSeismic Requirements in CharlestonState of Schools

GREEN  = WOOD ALLOWEDGREEN  = WOOD ALLOWEDYELLOW = NO FEEDBACKGREY = RESTRICTEDBLUE = ALLOWED BUT DISCOURAGED

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Schools in ArkansasSchools in ArkansasNewport Elementary School

Area 124 632 sfArea=124,632 sf

INFORMATION PROVIDED BY ARCHITECT JERRY BRACKETT

Arkansas School Study

SCHEMATIC DRAFT BUDGET ‐ $147 / SF

SCHEMATIC BUDGET ‐ $143 / SF

INFORMATION PROVIDED BY ARCHITECT JERRY BRACKETT

SCHEMATIC BUDGET  $143 / SF

Design Development Estimates

ESTIMATED STEEL COST ‐ $143 / SFESTIMATED STEEL COST ‐ $143 / SFESTIMATED WOOD COST ‐ $142 / SF

INFORMATION PROVIDED BY ARCHITECT JERRY BRACKETT

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Construction vs. Design Estimates

Actual Cost is $114.20 / SF

INFORMATION PROVIDED BY ARCHITECT JERRY BRACKETT

Newport Elementary School

INFORMATION PROVIDED BY ARCHITECT JERRY BRACKETT

Newport Elementary School

INFORMATION PROVIDED BY ARCHITECT JERRY BRACKETT

Newport Elementary School

INFORMATION PROVIDED BY ARCHITECT JERRY BRACKETT

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Newport Elementary School

INFORMATION PROVIDED BY ARCHITECT JERRY BRACKETT Duke School – DTW Architects – Photo by Jerry Markatos

Ann Reid Early Childhood Center –Wight & Company 300,000sf school San Ramon, CA

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Harada Elementary – Corona, CA Chase Lake Elementary – Edmonds, WA

Code RequirementsCode Requirements

W d i   d b  th  I t ti l B ildi  Wood is approved by the International Building Code  (IBC) for use in school construction.

How?

Building Types I and II allow the use of Heavy

Timber (HT) construction in roof construction

and secondary members  which is often used toand secondary members, which is often used to

add visual interest in school entryways, libraries,

d d h blauditoriums, gymnasiums and other public

spaces. Fire‐retardant‐treated (FRT) wood can

also be used in certain applications.

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Type III construction allows wood roof and

floor systems as well as interior wood‐frame

walls  FRT wood is required to frame exteriorwalls. FRT wood is required to frame exterior

wood‐frame walls.

Type IV, also known as Heavy Timber

construction, allows use of solid or laminated

wood members such as glued laminatedwood members such as glued laminated

timber (glulam), wood decking and structural

h h h h l dsheathing when there are no concealed spaces.

FRT wood can be used to frame exterior walls.

Type V is the most common type of wood construction, d ll d f h l d ll hand is allowed for school design.  Type V is typically the 

least expensive type of construction, particularly when load‐bearing walls are wood. The IBC allows use of guntreated wood throughout a Type V structure. Under the IBC, one‐story Type V schools can be up to 87,875 square feet and two‐story schools may be as large as 138 750 feet and two‐story schools may be as large as 138,750 square feet. If additional square footage is required, two‐hour fire resistance‐rated fire walls can be used.

Has anyone had success  with any alternative compliance codes for wood  that you would share with us?

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Learning ObjectivesLearning ObjectivesAt the end of this presentation participants will be able to:At the end of this presentation, participants will be able to:

1. Investigate the history of wood school constructionrestrictions in South Carolina

2. Discuss changes to the South Carolina SchoolgFacilities Manual

3. Investigate the use of wood frame schools in otherstates such as Arkansasstates such as Arkansas

4. Discuss changes in perceptions and building codesas it relates to educational buildings

Alex C  James, AIA, GIT

[email protected]

803 403‐5585803 403‐5585

Questions?This concludes The American Institute of 

Architects Continuing Education Systems Course

Wood Products Council 866.966.3448 [email protected]