the water-autonomous factory minimising industrial effluent flows and the use of mains water in...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: The Water-Autonomous Factory Minimising Industrial Effluent flows and the use of mains water in Industry By Alice Holleworth](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bf8c1a28abf838c8bf29/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The Water-Autonomous Factory
Minimising Industrial Effluent flows and the use of mains water in Industry
By Alice Holleworth
![Page 2: The Water-Autonomous Factory Minimising Industrial Effluent flows and the use of mains water in Industry By Alice Holleworth](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bf8c1a28abf838c8bf29/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
What is a water-autonomous factory?
Current use of water within industry
Methods of obtaining water
Methods of recycling and reusing waste water
Conclusion
Contents
![Page 3: The Water-Autonomous Factory Minimising Industrial Effluent flows and the use of mains water in Industry By Alice Holleworth](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bf8c1a28abf838c8bf29/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
A water Autonomous factory is an industrial establishment running off a completely self sufficient water supply.
The Water-Autonomous Factory
![Page 4: The Water-Autonomous Factory Minimising Industrial Effluent flows and the use of mains water in Industry By Alice Holleworth](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bf8c1a28abf838c8bf29/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Water is becoming expensive
Industry use can be limited
Industry use can strain supplies
Large energy costs associated with treatment and
distribution
Can therefore result in cost, water and energy savings!
Benefits of Water Autonomy
![Page 5: The Water-Autonomous Factory Minimising Industrial Effluent flows and the use of mains water in Industry By Alice Holleworth](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bf8c1a28abf838c8bf29/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Industry Water Use
23% of global freshwater usage
![Page 6: The Water-Autonomous Factory Minimising Industrial Effluent flows and the use of mains water in Industry By Alice Holleworth](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bf8c1a28abf838c8bf29/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Increased extraction and therefore wastewater output
Harmful industrial by-products
- Chemicals
- Grease
- Floating solids
Raised temperatures
Problems
![Page 7: The Water-Autonomous Factory Minimising Industrial Effluent flows and the use of mains water in Industry By Alice Holleworth](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bf8c1a28abf838c8bf29/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Water is a necessity during manufactureUsed for
- Processing - Washing - Diluting - Cooling - Transportation
Industry dependant – commodities such as food, paper, chemicals require largest quantities
Uses of Water in Industry
![Page 8: The Water-Autonomous Factory Minimising Industrial Effluent flows and the use of mains water in Industry By Alice Holleworth](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bf8c1a28abf838c8bf29/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
70%
23%
7%
Agri-cultureIndustryDomestic
Freshwater Use
Industrial water use is a vastly broad topic, this presentation will focus on the farm and food industry
![Page 9: The Water-Autonomous Factory Minimising Industrial Effluent flows and the use of mains water in Industry By Alice Holleworth](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bf8c1a28abf838c8bf29/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
People in industrialised countries drink between 2-5 litres per dayThey “eat” about 3000 litres
It takes800 to 4000 litres to grow a kg
of wheat2,000 to 16,000 litres of water to
“grow” a kilogram of beef2,000 to 8,700 litres of water to
grow a kilogram of cotton
Farm and Food Industry
![Page 10: The Water-Autonomous Factory Minimising Industrial Effluent flows and the use of mains water in Industry By Alice Holleworth](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bf8c1a28abf838c8bf29/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Methods of Obtaining water off the grid - Rainwater harvesting
Methods of minimising effluent flows through treatment and recycling
- Waste stabilisation ponds - Leach field - Horizontal flow reed bed
Achieving a Water-Autonomous Factory
![Page 11: The Water-Autonomous Factory Minimising Industrial Effluent flows and the use of mains water in Industry By Alice Holleworth](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bf8c1a28abf838c8bf29/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Rainwater Harvesting
Enclosed catchment area
Rainwater StorageSand filter
Main tank
PumpOverflow
Factory
Factory tank
![Page 12: The Water-Autonomous Factory Minimising Industrial Effluent flows and the use of mains water in Industry By Alice Holleworth](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bf8c1a28abf838c8bf29/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
A dairy farm requires 120 litres of water per cow per dayMains water costs £31 - £100 per cow per yearAnnual cost of £9300 - £30,000 for cows aloneRWH requires 24 square metres of roof per cow.Typical costs of a system for a farm with a herd of 300 cows costs range from £5000 - £10,00040% capital costs secured through grantTax incentives
Rainwater Harvesting
![Page 13: The Water-Autonomous Factory Minimising Industrial Effluent flows and the use of mains water in Industry By Alice Holleworth](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bf8c1a28abf838c8bf29/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Waste levels increasingCan be toxic or contain
poorly degradable compounds Waste is industry dependant Can be Biological, physical
or chemical
Focussing on treatment of Farm and food industry waste and this is biological
Minimising Effluent Flows
![Page 14: The Water-Autonomous Factory Minimising Industrial Effluent flows and the use of mains water in Industry By Alice Holleworth](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bf8c1a28abf838c8bf29/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
PreliminaryPhysical removal using a filter
PrimaryRemoval of suspended solids
SecondaryMicroorganisms break down organic matter
TertiaryPrepares effluent for re-use
Four Treatment Stages
![Page 15: The Water-Autonomous Factory Minimising Industrial Effluent flows and the use of mains water in Industry By Alice Holleworth](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bf8c1a28abf838c8bf29/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Sustainable Treatment Methods
Waste Stabilisation Ponds
Leach Fields
Horizontal Flow Reed Beds
![Page 16: The Water-Autonomous Factory Minimising Industrial Effluent flows and the use of mains water in Industry By Alice Holleworth](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bf8c1a28abf838c8bf29/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Waste Stabilisation Ponds
Primary treatment in anaerobic pond – Suspended solids removalSecondary treatment in a facultative pond – Treatment of organic matterTertiary treatment in a maturation pond – Removes pathogens and nitrogen
Low cost, low-maintenance, highly efficient, entirely natural and highly sustainable
The maturation pond has an added benefit as it can also be used to rear fish
![Page 17: The Water-Autonomous Factory Minimising Industrial Effluent flows and the use of mains water in Industry By Alice Holleworth](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bf8c1a28abf838c8bf29/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Leach Field
Septic tank provides primary treatment
Effluent fed into underground perforated pipes laid in
gravel filled trenches
Average trench
1m deep, 0.8m wide
Geotextile fabric
– prevents plugging the pipe
Sand/topsoil fills trench to ground level
![Page 18: The Water-Autonomous Factory Minimising Industrial Effluent flows and the use of mains water in Industry By Alice Holleworth](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bf8c1a28abf838c8bf29/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Tertiary treatment stageConstant water level maintained, less oxygen, therefore ideal for removing nitrogen
Horizontal Flow Reed Bed
![Page 19: The Water-Autonomous Factory Minimising Industrial Effluent flows and the use of mains water in Industry By Alice Holleworth](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bf8c1a28abf838c8bf29/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Summary
Advantages of such methodsLow set up costsLow operation costs due to no energy requirementsLife span of 20+ years
Disadvantages Require large land area, costs dependant on price of landPre-treatment may be requiredMay negatively affect soil and groundwater properties
![Page 20: The Water-Autonomous Factory Minimising Industrial Effluent flows and the use of mains water in Industry By Alice Holleworth](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bf8c1a28abf838c8bf29/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Huge benefits to water-autonomy
Reduces strainReduces harmful effluentProtects environmentCuts costsSaves energy
Conclusion
![Page 21: The Water-Autonomous Factory Minimising Industrial Effluent flows and the use of mains water in Industry By Alice Holleworth](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bf8c1a28abf838c8bf29/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Any Questions
![Page 22: The Water-Autonomous Factory Minimising Industrial Effluent flows and the use of mains water in Industry By Alice Holleworth](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bf8c1a28abf838c8bf29/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Aquatek Supplies Ltd. (2006, July). Water Recycling Management Solutions. Retrieved February 10, 2011, from Aquatek Website: http://www.aquatekltd.co.uk/products/water%20recycling%20management/Aquatek%20-%20Water%20Management%20Systems%20-%20Rainwater%20Harvesting%20Systems.pdf
Ben Aim, R. (2007). Reuse and Recycling of Water in Industry. Retrieved February 7, 2011, from Asia Institute of Technology: http://www.albuw.ait.ac.th/Login/images/RRIW.pdf
Callely, A. G., Forster, C. F., & Stafford, D. A. (1977). Treatment of Industrial Effluents. Sevenoaks: Hodder and Stoughton.
Freerain Ltd. (1999). Freerain: Introductory Guide to Rainwater Harvesting Systems & Their Installation. Retrieved February 7, 2011, from Freerain Web Site: http://www.freerain.co.uk/content/introduction%20guide%20to%20rainwater%20harvesting.pdf
Gloyna, E. F. (1971). Waste Stabilisation Ponds. Geneva: World Health Organisation. Grant, N., Moodie, M., & Weedon, C. (2000). Sewage Solutions. Powys: The Centre for Alternative Technology. Initram S.r.l. (2011). The Reed Beds Technique. Retrieved February 9, 2011, from Initram S.r.l:
http://www.fitobox.co.uk/reed_beds_tecnique.htm International Water and Sanitation Centre. (2004, July). Waste Stabilisation Ponds. The Hague, Netherlands. Mann H T, W. D. (1996). Water Treatment and Sanitation. Nottingham: The Russell Press Ltd. McGhee, T. J. (1991). Water Supply and Sewerage. Singapore: McGraw-Hill Book Co. Perlman, H. (2010, December 14). Water Science for Schools: Industrial Water Use. Retrieved February 5, 2011,
from US Geological Survey Home Page: http://ga.water.usgs.gov/edu/wuin.html Thomas, T. (2005, December 22). Health Issues of DRWH. Retrieved November 11, 2010, from Civil Research
Group: Development Technology Unit: http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/fac/sci/eng/research/civil/crg/dtu/rwh/health/ Thomas, T. (2010). ES337 Water for Developing Countries - Water Supply. Retrieved January 12, 2011, from
Global Water and Sanitation Technologies - Student Resources: http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/fac/sci/eng/eso/modules/year4/es4b6/resources
Vetrovec, J., & Vetrovec, K. (2011). Patent No. 7866176. Colorado, US. Vleeptron_Dude. (2009, April 26). Vleeptron_Z Blog. Retrieved February 8, 2011, from Blogspot:
http://vleeptronz.blogspot.com/2009_04_01_archive.html
References