The War MovesThe War Moves

SouthSouthWest

Settlement RaidsSettlement Raids

• British commander Henry “Hair buyer” Hamilton and Mohawk Chief Joseph Brant– Southwestern New York and Northern

Pennsylvania• Virginian George Rogers Clark led troops

down the Ohio River and then marched 120 miles to seize British posts of Kaskaskia and Vincennes in 1778.

Glory at SeaGlory at Sea• BlockadeBlockade• PrivateersPrivateers

– Merchant ships armed with weapons would capture Merchant ships armed with weapons would capture British vessels.British vessels.

– Over 1,000 ships authorized by Continental Over 1,000 ships authorized by Continental CongressCongress

• John Paul JonesJohn Paul Jones– Bonhomme RichardBonhomme Richard vs. vs. SerapisSerapis– ““I have only begun to fight”I have only begun to fight”

• Why is this significant?Why is this significant?

http://www.schoonerman.com/jpaulj.htm

Bonhomme Richard vs Serapis

Struggles in the SouthStruggles in the South

By 1778, British knew that bringing By 1778, British knew that bringing colonies back would be very difficult.colonies back would be very difficult.Planned strong offensive to bring end to Planned strong offensive to bring end to war.war.Great Britain concentrated effort in the Great Britain concentrated effort in the South. WHY?South. WHY?

British VictoriesBritish Victories• 3,500 troops sent to Savannah and easily take 3,500 troops sent to Savannah and easily take

control of the city.control of the city.• General Clinton took Charleston in early 1780.General Clinton took Charleston in early 1780.

– Thousands of prisoners of war taken by the British.Thousands of prisoners of war taken by the British.• Camden, SC British won battle, but could not Camden, SC British won battle, but could not

control the area.control the area.

A new kind of warfare?A new kind of warfare?

Lord Charles CornwallisLord Charles Cornwallis• British commanderBritish commander• Moving into North Carolina looked like the Moving into North Carolina looked like the

British was unstoppableBritish was unstoppable• Loyalist bands roamed the back-country. Loyalist bands roamed the back-country.

They plundered and burned patriot farms They plundered and burned patriot farms killing men, women and children.killing men, women and children.

• ““If a stop cannot be put to these If a stop cannot be put to these massacres, the country will be depopulated massacres, the country will be depopulated in few months” . Continental Generalin few months” . Continental General

• British received less help than British received less help than expected.expected.

• Small bands of Patriots would attack Small bands of Patriots would attack British troops in the countryside.British troops in the countryside.

• Hit and Run technique caught British Hit and Run technique caught British Army off guard.Army off guard.

• Most successful guerilla fighter…Most successful guerilla fighter…FrancisFrancis MarionMarion, “The Swamp Fox.”, “The Swamp Fox.”

American TraitorAmerican Traitor

• Benedict Arnold felt undervaluedBenedict Arnold felt undervalued• His plan to turn West Point over to His plan to turn West Point over to

British failedBritish failed• He escaped but he staged major He escaped but he staged major

attacks on the Western frontier in attacks on the Western frontier in VirginiaVirginia

In Sept. 1780 at Kings Mountain the In Sept. 1780 at Kings Mountain the Patriots force retreat of British officer Patriots force retreat of British officer and over 1,000 loyalists.and over 1,000 loyalists.

This victory creates new support for war in the This victory creates new support for war in the South.South.

In October, In October, Nathaniel Greene Nathaniel Greene split the split the Continental forces in the South in two.Continental forces in the South in two.One section defeated British at Cowpens, One section defeated British at Cowpens,

SC.SC.Other section joined with Marion in guerilla Other section joined with Marion in guerilla

raids.raids.

In March, 1781, rejoined forces In March, 1781, rejoined forces and fought Cornwallis’s army at and fought Cornwallis’s army at Guilford Courthouse.Guilford Courthouse.

Patriots forced to retreat.Patriots forced to retreat.British suffer heavy loses and British suffer heavy loses and

abandoned Southern Campaign.abandoned Southern Campaign.

British RetreatBritish RetreatApril 1781, Cornwallis retreated to April 1781, Cornwallis retreated to

Virginia.Virginia.Nearly captured Governor Thomas Nearly captured Governor Thomas

Jefferson and the Virginian Jefferson and the Virginian legislature.legislature.

Cornwallis setup camp in Yorktown.Cornwallis setup camp in Yorktown.

Stage is set for final phase of War.Stage is set for final phase of War.

YorktownYorktownFinal Battle Final Battle Lord Cornwallis takes army to Lord Cornwallis takes army to

Yorktown, Virginia along the Yorktown, Virginia along the Chesapeake Bay to wait for new men Chesapeake Bay to wait for new men and more suppliesand more supplies

French navy keeps British ships from French navy keeps British ships from coming in to re-supplycoming in to re-supply

Cornwallis surrenders!Cornwallis surrenders!

Treaty of Paris of 1783Treaty of Paris of 1783Recognize USA from coast to East of Recognize USA from coast to East of

Mississippi River Mississippi River North to CanadaNorth to CanadaFlorida is returned to SpainFlorida is returned to SpainUSA to restore rights to Loyalist and USA to restore rights to Loyalist and

return property ceased in warreturn property ceased in warRe-pay all debts to Britain that was Re-pay all debts to Britain that was

accumulated before war broke outaccumulated before war broke outPage 194Page 194

Washington’s FarewellWashington’s FarewellWashington gives up command to Washington gives up command to

retire to Mount Vernonretire to Mount VernonGeorge the III was in shock of his George the III was in shock of his

resignation of command. Why????resignation of command. Why????

Impact of the RevolutionImpact of the Revolution• The D.O.I cemented ideas like equality The D.O.I cemented ideas like equality

and liberty in American minds and and liberty in American minds and spread throughout the world todayspread throughout the world today