the vertebrates 1vertebrates subphylum vertebrata internal jointed skeleton of vertebrates is living...
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The The VertebratesVertebrates 1
VertebratesVertebrates
Subphylum VertebrataSubphylum Vertebrata
Internal jointed skeleton of vertebrates is Internal jointed skeleton of vertebrates is living tissue that grows with the animalliving tissue that grows with the animal
Main axis of skeleton consists of vertebral Main axis of skeleton consists of vertebral columns and a skull that encloses the columns and a skull that encloses the brainbrain
Cephalization is accompanied by sense Cephalization is accompanied by sense organsorgans
Evolution of jaws and predationEvolution of jaws and predation
Amnion allows reproduction on landAmnion allows reproduction on land
2Phylogenetic Tree of the Chordates
The The VertebratesVertebrates 3
Vertebrate FeaturesVertebrate Features
Living endoskeleton with vertebral Living endoskeleton with vertebral columncolumn
Closed circulatory systemClosed circulatory system
Paired appendagesPaired appendages
Efficient respiration and excretionEfficient respiration and excretion
High degree of cephalizationHigh degree of cephalization
Adapted to active lifestylesAdapted to active lifestyles
4Phylogenetic Tree of Reptiles
The The VertebratesVertebrates 5
BirdsBirds
Characteristics of Class AvesCharacteristics of Class Aves
FeathersFeathers
Hard-shelled amniotic eggHard-shelled amniotic egg
Four-chambered heartFour-chambered heart
Often wingedOften winged
Air sacsAir sacs
EndothermicEndothermic
Alligator vs Bird “hands & feet”
Archeopteryx fossil from Bavaria
How is it different from modern birds?
Common features between archeopteryx and modern birds
(in black)
Birds Today
• Approximately 9,000 – 9,600 species– Amphibia 4,184–Reptilia 6,300–Mammalia 4,000
• 30 orders, 174 families and 2044 genera
Why do you think birds are so successful?
14Bird Beaks – Why the difference?
Why are these beaks different?