the variable crab nebula · agile spectrum at the peak (12 hr) (striani et al. 2011) superflare...
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The variable CRAB Nebula E . Striani, INAF-IAPS, University of Rome Tor Vergata (on behalf of the AGILE team)
Fermi Symposium, Monterey 30 Nov. 2012
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Crab Nebula spectrum
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Unpulsed (nebular) gamma-ray spectrum (Abdo et al 2010)
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The Crab Nebula
1. Stable (Standard candle)
2. Cut-off in the spectrum around 150 MeV
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AGILE, 26 Nov. – 13 Oct. 2007 Fermi-‐LAT, 26 Jan. – 11 Feb. 2009
2000
1000
500
Fermi-‐AGILE, 12 – 20 Apr. 2011 AGILE, 20-‐22 Sept. 2010
major flare rate: 1-2/year
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Agile Spectrum at the peak (12 hr) (Striani et al. 2011)
Superflare Apr. 2011
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Overview of the main gamma-ray flares
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Striani et al., submitted to ApJ
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The 2007 AGILE event
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AGILE 1-day bin lightcurve of the 2007 event
Striani et al., submitted to ApJ
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AGILE 12-hr bin lightcurve of the 2007 event
Striani et al., submitted to ApJ
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Striani et al., submitted to ApJ
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Fermi Data
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Fermi Atel # 4239 (July 2012, during the Flaring Crab meeting in Frascati) (data from the Fermi-LAT monitored source list page)
1-day bin
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Gamma-ray 2-day binned lightcurve (Fermi data)
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The Crab • A standard candle
• Strong and impulsive flares (12-24 hr), ∼1/year
• Slower, less intense variability, and rather more frequent (waves)
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•
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Modelling of the April 2011 super-flare
AGILE Fermi
Maxwellian γmin = 7·108, B = 1mG
power-law dN(γ)/dγ = γ-p1, p1 = 2.1, γb = 6·108
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• No smoking gun
• No apparent relation between X-ray and gamma emission
• Mono-energetic (relativ. Maxwellian) distribution is favored
(M. Weisskopf, 2012)
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already several models, many ideas… • Tavani et al. (2011, 2012) • Abdo et al. (2011, 2012) • Bednarek & Idec (2011) • Komissarov & Lyutikov (2011) • Vittorini et al., Striani et al. (2011) • Lyutikov, Balsara, Matthews (2011) • Bykov, Pavlov, Artemyev, Uvanov (2011) • Cerutti, Uzdensky, Begelman (2012) • Arons (2012) • Lyubarsky (2012) • Sturrock & Aschwanden (2012) • Kommissarov (2012) • Blandford & Li (2012) • Mignone et al. (2012, in prep.) • Striani el al. (2012, in prep.)
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•
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Conclusions • Four major flares from the Crab Nebula, that
challenged previous theoretical models of particle acceleration in PWN
• evidence for 2 types of enhanced emission, fast (flares) and slow (“waves”)
• Gamma-ray continuous monitoring of the Crab is really crucial: flares discovered because of this capability by AGILE and Fermi
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Thank You
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backup
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•
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Flare 2011 (Fermi data)
Agile Spectrum at the peak (12 hr) (Striani et al. 2011)
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Super Flare 2011 Fermi data
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CRAB Nebula Superflare (R. Buehler et al. 2011)
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The Crab major gamma-ray flare in April 2011
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The Crab major gamma-ray flare in April 2011
1
(R. Buehler et al. 2011, elaborated by E. S.)
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The Crab major gamma-ray flare in April 2011
2
(R. Buehler et al. 2011, elaborated by E. S.)
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The Crab major gamma-ray flare in April 2011 (R. Buehler et al. 2011, elaborated by E. S.)
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The Crab major gamma-ray flare in April 2011 (R. Buehler et al. 2011, elaborated by E. S.)
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The Crab major gamma-ray flare in April 2011
5
(R. Buehler et al. 2011, elaborated by E. S.)
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The Crab major gamma-ray flare in April 2011
5
(R. Buehler et al. 2011, elaborated by E. S.)
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The Crab major gamma-ray flare in April 2011
6
(R. Buehler et al. 2011, elaborated by E. S.)
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The Crab major gamma-ray flare in April 2011
7 7
(R. Buehler et al. 2011, elaborated by E. S.)
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The Crab major gamma-ray flare in April 2011 (R. Buehler et al. 2011, elaborated by E. S.)
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The Crab major gamma-ray flare in April 2011 (R. Buehler et al. 2011, elaborated by E. S.)
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The Crab major gamma-ray flare in April 2011 (R. Buehler et al. 2011, elaborated by E. S.)
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The Crab major gamma-ray flare in April 2011 (R. Buehler et al. 2011, elaborated by E. S.)
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Striani et al., submiBed to ApJ
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Striani et al., submiBed to ApJ
AGILE observations of the Crab Nebula in pointing mode (Sept. 2007 - Oct. 2009)
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The CRAB •