The Use of Remote The Use of Remote Sensing in Weed Sensing in Weed ControlControl Joshua BushongJoshua Bushong

SOIL/BAE 4213SOIL/BAE 4213

Spring 2008Spring 2008

Why Why

EfficiencyEfficiency Low in areas of low populationsLow in areas of low populations Wasted herbicideWasted herbicide Decrease cost with higher efficiencyDecrease cost with higher efficiency

Population clustersPopulation clusters Areas with low or high densitiesAreas with low or high densities Areas with no weedsAreas with no weeds

What is Remote SensingWhat is Remote Sensing

Remote sensingRemote sensing is the science and art is the science and art of obtaining information about a of obtaining information about a phenomenon without being in contact phenomenon without being in contact with it with it

Can be used to discriminate between Can be used to discriminate between weeds, crops, soil, and structuresweeds, crops, soil, and structures

Collection of quantitative data that can be Collection of quantitative data that can be used to make a recommendationused to make a recommendation

Possible UsesPossible Uses

Fallow systems / Between RowsFallow systems / Between Rows Non-selectiveNon-selective Most practicalMost practical

Lower riskLower risk

Lowest costLowest cost

In Season systemsIn Season systems Selective Selective More complexMore complex Site SpecificSite Specific

TerminologyTerminology

WeedWeed Any plant growing in the wrong place at the wrong Any plant growing in the wrong place at the wrong

time and in the wrong quantity, or a plant whose time and in the wrong quantity, or a plant whose virtues are not yet discovered.virtues are not yet discovered.

Hyperspectral sensingHyperspectral sensing Data collected from contiguous bands usually by Data collected from contiguous bands usually by

one sensor.one sensor. Spectral Vegitation IndicesSpectral Vegitation Indices

Ratio of reflectances from various wavelengthsRatio of reflectances from various wavelengths Multispectral sensingMultispectral sensing

Data collected from selected bands usually by Data collected from selected bands usually by multiple sensorsmultiple sensors

Hyperspectral Imagery Hyperspectral Imagery

Contiguous wave length imageryContiguous wave length imagery Identify plant species by reflectanceIdentify plant species by reflectance

Reflectance at about 780 nmReflectance at about 780 nm Spearmint 65Spearmint 65 Peppermint 60 Peppermint 60 Green foxtail 50Green foxtail 50 Waterhemp 35Waterhemp 35 Pigweed: 25 Pigweed: 25

Hyperspectral ImageryHyperspectral Imagery

Yellow NutsedgeYellow Nutsedge

Hyperspectral ImageryHyperspectral Imagery

PigweedPigweed

Hyperspectral ImageryHyperspectral Imagery

Dead CrabgrassDead Crabgrass

Multispectral SensingMultispectral Sensing

Uses selected bands Uses selected bands Can Identify weeds in citrus with an Can Identify weeds in citrus with an

accuracy of about 99.07%accuracy of about 99.07%

Multispectral Sensing Multispectral Sensing

Original red, green and blue image

Image with weed and non-weed classifications

Image with weed, vegetation and non-veg. classifications

Image with weed, citrus, tree, soil, and roof classifications

Non-selectiveNon-selective

Only needs to identify between bare soil Only needs to identify between bare soil and a plantand a plant

Reduced herbicide usageReduced herbicide usage Reduce environmental risksReduce environmental risks Reduced costsReduced costs Fallow systemsFallow systems Between rows / hooded sprayerBetween rows / hooded sprayer

Row cropsRow crops OrchardsOrchards

Weedseeker / Spot SprayWeedseeker / Spot Spray

Cost effectiveCost effective Identifies chlorophyllIdentifies chlorophyll Automated Automated

Sensor-controlled Field Sensor-controlled Field SprayingSpraying

Real time applicationReal time application Possible use in cereals Possible use in cereals Variable RatesVariable Rates Reduced herbicide usageReduced herbicide usage Crop/weed discriminationCrop/weed discrimination

Sensor-controlled Field Sensor-controlled Field SprayingSpraying

Image analysis approachImage analysis approach CCD camerasCCD cameras Image analysis softwareImage analysis software Discriminate between crops and weedDiscriminate between crops and weed

ColorColor ShapeShape TextureTexture

Sensor-controlled Field Sensor-controlled Field SprayingSpraying

Spectral reflectance approachSpectral reflectance approach Optoelectronic weed sensorOptoelectronic weed sensor

References References

http://www.ntechindustries.com/concept.htmlhttp://www.ntechindustries.com/concept.html http://www.agecon.purdue.edu/topfarmer/newsletter/TFhttp://www.agecon.purdue.edu/topfarmer/newsletter/TF

CW05_2005.pdfCW05_2005.pdf

http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.14http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1445-6664.2006.00236.x?cookieSet=145-6664.2006.00236.x?cookieSet=1

Dammer, Karl-Heinz and Wartenberg, G. Sensor-Dammer, Karl-Heinz and Wartenberg, G. Sensor-based wed detection and application of variable based wed detection and application of variable herbicide rates in real time. Crop Protection. Vol. herbicide rates in real time. Crop Protection. Vol. 26, issue 3, March 2007, p. 270-277. Weed 26, issue 3, March 2007, p. 270-277. Weed Science Science in Real Time.in Real Time.

Questions?Questions?