254

THE UPPER JURASSIC ROCKS OF THECOUNTRY BETWEEN MALTON AND CASTLE

HOWARD, EAST YORKSHIRE.By VERNON WILSON, B.Sc., Ph.D., D.I.G, F.G.S.

[RecdrJed. ISt May, 1936.]

[Read, 3,d April, 1936.]

I. INTRODUCTION.THE rocks and structure of the area here described have

been the subject of frequent writings by geologists inthe past. They have been treated at length in the works ofPhillips [17J,~ Hudleston [13 and 14J, Blake and Hudleston [6Jand in the publications of the Geological Survey by Fox­Strangways [10, 11 and 12J ; while the structural aspects havebeen considered in papers by Lamplugh [16J and Versey [19].Recently, the Corallian rocks have been re-studied by the presentwriter [20 and 21J.

In recent months extensive road widening operations betweenCram Beck Bridge and Golden Hill have yielded evidence ofthe extent: and amount of the Kellaways Rock and OxfordClay; while excavations for a pipe line, in connection witha regional water scheme, extending from the heights to theimmediate north of Hildenley south-westward close to LowGaterley Farm, have also provided valuable information onthe rocks traversed.

The area includes parts of the six-inch sheets 141 N.E.,123 N.E. and S.E., 124 N.W. and S.W., and 142 N.W., andthis paper with the revised map (PI. 27) are presented in thelight of the above observations and other features noted fromtime to tine during the last few years.

Topographically, the area is dominated by two broadparallel ridges running approximately W.N.W.-E.S.E.; themore prominent one is continuous across the northern part ofthe area from Barton Heights and Amotherby Moor toMalton, rising to over 375 feet at Easthorpe Farm and HildenleyHeights; it is composed entirely of the gritstones and oolites ofthe Corallian Series. Its northern slope is a gradual declineto the alluvium of the Vale of Pickering; while its southernedge is steeper, particularly along the stretch from Mill Hills,Coneysthorpe, Hildenley and Musley Bank.

The southern ridge extends from the vicinity of CastleHoward through Peckondale Hill to Low Hutton, where itscontinuity with the Langton Wolds farther east is broken bythe valley of the River Derwent. It is nowhere over 275 feethigh and is cut through by Cram Beck south of Gaterley.

• For list of references see page ~68.

.2. Oxford Clay70-80 ft.

I. Kellaways Rock40 ft. +

UPPER JURASSIC ROCKS, :lIALTON AXD CASTLE HOWARD. 255

Lying between these two ridges is a long and wide expanseof low boggy ground extending from the Great Lake in CastleHoward Park eastward to the River Derwent; its only diversityof surface is represented by a small N.-S. ridge to the southof Hildenley, and it is underlain by Oxford and KimeridgeClays.

II. STRATIGRAPHICAL SUCCESSION.No natural exposure in the area exhibits the full succession;

the topographic features which are due to complicated faultingare not sufficiently sharply defined to allow of good naturalsections, and in the artificial openings rarely more than a partof one sub-division of the succession is seen.

The following are the sub-divisions of the Upper Jurassicsequence present, with indications of the thicknesses where suchcan be made out.-4. Kirneridge Clay Dark Bluish-black, heavy clay with frequent

400 ft. + septarian nodules of varying sizes.

Upper Calcareous Grit. Recorded by Fox-Strangwaysat Hildenley.

Osmington Oolite Series. Impure oolites with inter-64 ft. + calated brash bands (' The

Urchin Dirt Beds '); pure3· Cor!Llli:tn 1 white oolites, shelly oolites,

Ser res and the' Hildenley Limestone'=the Coral Rag elsewhere. .

Lower Calcareous Grit. Buff coloured calcareous grit-60 ft. + stones, soft sandstones and

hard blue-centred gritstones.Light and dark grey shales and clays: sandy in

upper and lower parts of lamberti (renggeri)date at base.

Loose, brown, yellow and white sand, some­what ferruginous at the base and becomingclayey towards the top. Black clay bandsand thin hsematite concentrations are notinfrequent.

III. DISTRIBUTION OF THE ROCKS.Exposures of the KeUaways Rock sands are restricted to

'the southem part of the area between Leylands Hill and CramBeck and the River Derwent. The deposit begins as a narrowstrip at the base of the escarpment about half a mile south ofLow Hutton, from where Hudleston [13J recorded Rhynchonellauarians, and extends westward until it occupies the low groundof the Sleights below Hutton Banks Wood and stretches acrossthe main road on Hutton Hill to the banks of Cram Beck. Thisdeposit is well exposed below the Oxford Clay in the large sandpit on the Sleights where it amounts to 35 feet and comprisesloose brown, grey and white sands becoming clayey in the

V. WILSO:>f,

upper few feet. Thin impersistent concentrations, bands andnodules of ironstone are frequent. They have been studied byProf. Boswell [7, p. 65], who has summarised their mineralogicalcharacters as follows: " The sand is quartzose, felspar being less.abundant than in the Kellaways Beds. In mineral compositionthe sand does not exhibit a rich variety of minerals, the heavyresidue being coarse (averaging 0.2 mm. diam.). Very little­magnetite is present, but ilmenite is abundant. Limonite­and leucoxene occur. Large red garnets are common, and alsotourmaline, staurolite, deep red rutile and zircon. Grains ofserpentine are occasionally seen."

Stratigraphically and lithologically, these sands are the sameas the deposits of Kellaways age at Burythorpe, Leavening andSouth Cave, farther south; and their mineralogical differencesare so slight as to be of little account.

In the new road-cutting immediately north of Cram BeckBridge the following sequence of sands and soft sandstones hasrecently been visible :-

ft. ins.5. Soft yellow and white sand containing a 6 in. porous ironstone

band, occupying the uppermost part of the road section.. 3 o.4. Hard silver and brown sandstones, developed as thin uneven

beds near the base in which much squashed and frag­mentary fossils are found. A 6 in. black clay band alsooccurs in the upper part of these sands. About.. 10 0

3. Black carbonaceous clay band 1 62. Loose, yellow and reddish brown sand and soft sandstones

with 9 in. band of sandy ironstone at the base, from whichthe following fossils have been obtained ., .. 25 0

Modiola bipartita, Sow.Parallelodon (Beushausenia) Keyserlingii (d'Orb},Camptonectes lens (Sow.).Pleuromya d. alduini (Brong.),Trigonia d. costata Sow. var. elongata, Morr. & Lye.Navicula (Eonavicula) ? eudesii (Morr. & Lye.).? Cucullea claihrata Leek. (cast).Pholadomya sp.

I. Below, a series of thin hard blue-centred calcareous sandstones, very­irregular-some of the beds appear to be indurated-with inter­calated soft sand. From these beds Hudleston records [13 (vol.iii, p. 328)] Rhynchonella spinosa and other fossils.

When the above section is compared with that worked outby Hudleston [13 (Vol. III, p. 328)] for this locality, Bed I above­corresponds to his Bed 6, Beds 2 and 3 with the ' Middle RedSands' (Bed 7), while Beds 4 and 5 above represent the lowerpart of his' Stonecliff Wood Series' (Bed 8). The relations ofthe above section to the Kellaways Sands in the Sleights pitremains in doubt, as the intervening ground between theselocalities offers no clue on this point. Also, in spite of thefossils found in Bed 2 which might suggest an honzon higherthan the Scarborough Limestone, the age of the rocks in thissection and of the underlying rocks down to the top of the

L'PPER }L'RASSIC ROCKS, MALTaX AND CASTLE HOWARD. 257

Millepore Oolite, cannot be regarded as established on the evidenceat present available.

To the north of the fault running through Hutton Hill,the Kellaways Sands are seen in a small exposure in the'plantation due east of Hutton Hill Farm; they spread northwardround the lower slopes of Peckondale Hill, Leylands Hill andTrousdale Hill. During the road excavations at the latter placethe junction of the sands with the overlying Oxford Clay was.exposed.

A small area underlain by Kellaways Sands occurs roundthe south-eastern part of Golden Hill, to the north-east ofHigh Hutton; and finally, these sands are inferred below theOxford Clay occupying the lower slopes of the Corallian escarp­ment from Easthorpe to the north-west corner of the area.

In the southern part of the area the Oxford Clay extendsacross the main road, where it was recently well exposed andyielded Quenstedtoceras Lamberti (Sow.), to Hutton Banks Wood,where it is about 70 feet in thickness; thereafter, it continues.below the Lower Calcareous Grit escarpment to the vicinity ofHuttons Ambo Station, where it disappears below the grit.The Clay caps Peckondale Hill and forms the greater part ofLeylands Hill, near High Hutton, though it is somewhat obscuredat both places by a veneer of boulder-clay. Some IS feet ofthe clay were examined in the Trousdale Hill road section,directly above the Kellaways Sand-the passage betweenthe two sub-divisions being very gradual. The clay is softand light grey in colour, and has yielded the following fossils:-

Quenstedtoceras aft. pracordatum, Douv.Quenstedtoceras aft. lIenrici var. pralomberti, Douv.Belemnites hastatus, B. Owenii, andGryphala dilatata.

The above species of Quenstedtoceras suggest that the basalbeds of the Oxford Clay in this area belong to the renggeri andlamberti zones.

The upper part of the clay was formerly well exposed inthe railway embankment section at Huttons Ambo. Althoughthe lower part is no longer visible, sufficient occurs for anadequate study of its relation to the overlying Lower CalcareousGrit. The section is as follows ;-LOWER CALCAREOUS GRIT.

A. Buff Sandstone Series ft. ins.Thickly bedded, hard, yellow sandstone with no softpartings; the interiors of the beds are frequently deve-loped as hard' bluestone ' .. 9 0

Soft friable sandstone with indistinct bedding planes .. 9 6Hard grey sandstone 2 0Soft yellow sandstone 3 6Massive bed of hard-centred brown sandstone.. 2 o-Band of soft loose sand 90

V. WILSON,

B. Transition Series ft. ins.Comprising impure grey and dirty brown sandstonesof varying degrees of hardness, alternating with softerbeds of shaly sandstones. Only about 171 feet of thesebeds are now visible, but Fox-Strangways [10] wasable to examine them to a thickness of . . .. 36 6

Two fragments of Cardio ceras' have been recorded from theabove section, probably from the Transition Series. Theposition of the junction between the Oxford Clay and LowerCalcareous Grit, however, is a matter of personal opinion. Fox­.Strangways [11, p. 19] considered the upper 46 feet of beds tobe Lower Calcareous Grit, but here, only the upper 26 feet9 inches of well-developed buff sandstones are regarded as trueLower Calcareous Grit, while the lithologically distinct lowerbeds represent the transition between the Oxford Clay andLower Calcareous Grit. Until fossils from this level are forth­'Coming from here or any other locality in the HowardianHills, the transition beds are provisionally included at the topof the Oxford Clay.

Fox-Strangways mapped the whole of the low groundextending from the Great Lake (Castle Howard) eastward tothe York-Malton road as Kimeridge Clay, although in 1875Rudleston [13 (Vol. iv, p. 379)] had suggested that the GreatLake probably rested on Oxford Clay. Evidence obtainedfrom the recent pipe-line trench between Hildenley and Gaterleybears out Hudleston's suggestion. Throughout the greaterpart of this trench the familiar grey Oxford Clay was dug , andonly in the long field on the west flank of Gaterley Plantationwas the heavy black Kimeridge Clay with it s abundantseptaria encountered. The road excavations on the northernside of Golden Hill also revealed Oxford Clay where KimeridgeClay had been previously mapped.

The Corallian Rocks have already been described by theauthor [20]. They form a broad belt extending acr oss thenorthern part of the area, where their small inclination variesfrom north to north-north-east. The Lower Calcareous Gritforms high ground west of the River Derwent , around HighHutton and Low Hutton. The predominant dip is slightlyeast of north and the area is traversed by an E .-W. faultranging between the two villages. A minor displacementaffects the beds close to Huttons Ambo Station, where thelowest grits are exposed.

Farther north, in the faulted area between Golden Hilland Gaterley, the Grit crops out along the south side of theWesterdale Ridge. It is cut off at Gaterley by a small crossfault which has thrown down a small mass of the overlyingOsmington Oolite, containing near the base a variable black

I P.1454 and P.1456 in the Museum of Practical Geology; their precise horizon is not given.

UPPER JURASSIC ROCKS, MALTON A"!D CASTLE HOWARD 259

clay bed similar to one encountered in the pipe-trench west ofHildenley. Between Gaterley and Castle Howard the LowerCalcareous Grit is again faulted and its junction with a smallpatch of overlying oolite is seen in the quarry north-east of theMausoleum.

In the vicinity of Coneysthorpe the Osmington Oolitesoccur as more pure oolitic limestones than those occupying thehigh ground to the north-east; they are whiter, better developed,and closely resemble the equivalent oolites of Slingsby andHovingham. The exposures immediately north of Coneysthorpehave yielded Chlamys fibrosa, Chi. incequicostata, Exogyra nana,Pseudodiadema hemispherica and an occasional spine of Cidarisfiorigemma, but no other fossils indicative of Coral Rag. Fox­Strangways [12J has also recorded a number of Perisphinetidsfrom these rocks. Their dip is to the north and they are cutoff by a fault from the Lower Calcareous Grit of Mill Hillsfarther east, where the grits with their thin capping of oolitedip south westward towards the lake.

Good exposures of the junction of the Lower CalcareousGrit with the Osmington Oolite Series were afforded by the pipe­line excavations, to a depth of 10 feet, on the hillsidewest of Hildenley, and a one-foot band of black clay was observednear the base of the oolites. This junction is also visible inthe road side on Hepton Hill, near Easthorpe Farm, and farthereast, near Malton, in the Lyons Plantation and Brows Quarries.Though the relations of the beds are clearly discerned in LyonsPlantation they are not quite so obvious in the Brows Quarry ;but there is little doubt that the greater part of this section iscorrectly referred to the upper part of the Lower CalcareousGrit. It may be useful to record the section more fully [c.fBlake and Hudleston, 6, p. 364J.

BROWS QUARRY, MALTON.

Osmington Oolite Series ft. ins10. Thinly bedded white oolite 2 99. Irregularly bedded buff-grey gritty limestone with buff

and brown ooliths ; a tendency to develop hard concre-tionary masses within the beds .. 4 10

8. Soft yellow sandy band with buff ooliths , . 9

Lower Calcareous Grit.7. Prominent hard band of buff-grey calcareous gritstone with

very few buff ooliths (Bed . b " of Bl. & H's section) " 2 0-6. Two massive beds of buff calcareous gritstone with sporadic

buff and white ooliths. Intercalated soft partings.Esogyra nana and Nucleolites scutatus .. . . 7 0

5. Soft sandy band with sporadic buff ooliths . . . . 84. Three hard beds as above (7). with partings of soft sand-

stone. Nucleolites scutaius 6 93. Massive sandstone bed with hard grey calcareous band

at the top containing sparse buff ooliths.. 3 10-

260 v. WILSON,

ft. ins.2. Soft brown calcareous sandstones with irregular masses,

lenses and bands of hard grey gritty limestone. Occasionalbuff ooliths and Nucleolites scutatus are seen. Thisseries is best exposed in the weathered face at the eastend of the quarry; and it corresponds to the lower partof Bl. & H.'s Bed' d ' . . . . . . . . .. 13 0

I. Thick brown sandstones below, seen to . . . . 4 0

In Fig. 51 an attempt is made to correlate the above sectionwith those previously described in Lyons Plantation and atAppleton-le-Street [20, pp. 490-491]'

The occurrence of the Lower Calcareous Grit in the vicinityof Appleton-le-Street is due to two approximately N.~.E. faults,ranging some distance east and west of the village, which haveresulted in the differential elevation of the Appleton-Easthorpeblock. This elevation amounts to about 70 feet at Appleton,while the outcrop of the Lower Calcareous Grit on the southside of the block has been effected to a much less degree.Other minor N.N.E.-S.S.W. fractures have also been detectedin the grit at Appleton.

Further light has been shed on the age of the uppermost bedof the Lower Calcareous Grit succession at this locality (i.e .. Bed 2' [20, p. 491J), from which a rather worn beekitisedCardioceras sp. has recently been obtained and submitted toDr. W. J. Arkell, who kindly reports: " It agrees best with someof the forms from the Ball Beds doggers of the coast (' prce­cordatus ' zone olim, i.e., old and original zone of C. cordatum(= cardia), = Upper Oxford Clay of Oxford district and south-of England)."

The Osmington Oolites occurring in the broad tract west-of Malton contain much brown clayey material and are splitby bands and partings of soft "brashy ' material carrying aprofusion of Nucleolites scuiaius ; the whole impure series hasbeen termed the 'Urchin Dirt Beds.' Locally at Swintonsome of these beds exhibit wedge- and false-bedding. A con­siderable part of Amotherby Moor was formerly mapped asLower Calcareous Grit, but the fields hereabouts show abundantindications of the presence of the 'Urchin Dirt Beds' andthese beds were also exposed in a pipe-line which followed theroad over the Moor. The junction of the' Urchin Dirt Beds'with the underlying Lower Calcareous Grit is also visible in theHepton Hillroad section near Easthorpe Farm. West of theBarton Heights fault the oolites are developed as the pure white-oolitic limestones usually characteristic of the series.

The Coral Rag, as such, is not represented anywhere in thisarea, but the characteristic fauna occurs at Hildenley in a faultedmass of pure homogeneous white limestones-the HildenleyLimestone.

UPPER JURASSIC ROCKS, ~ALTON AND CASTLE HOWARD . 26I

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.' ..~....,., ; ~,",., '.., ;. ~..... -.:r . . ' .

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ows Quarry, :-.:.: ;1: : '::: :.1':':':Mal t on . ., .;".:.. :",:.: .:-;

" : ' :'<: : ....... :'"'..:',:, : ...~ .

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::::::: i:";.;::: ' ".':f, :- : "::.: '-:: :.:.::.::

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:FIG. 5I .-SECTIONS OF LOWER CALCAREOUS GRIT AND OVERLYINGOSMINGTON OOLITES, near Malton and Appleton-Ie-Street,

v. WILSON,

Again, in this locality a few feet of the uppermostargillaceous beds of the Upper Calcareous Grit occur on thesouth side of Hildenley Hall; they dip to the south and asthe basal beds of the Kimeridge Clay are found in the oldbrick-pit a short distance to the south it is probable thatconformable relations exist between the two deposits.

The Kimeridge Clay forms a tract of low ground south ofI1ildenley; it is rarely exposed, but was recently proved in thepipe-line diggings close to Gaterley Plantation, where it yieldedPerisphinctes aff. biplex Sow. It has been worked in the pastin the brick-pit referred to above, from which the followingfossils indicative of the basal Rasenia zones have been obtained, Ammonites mutabilis,' Ostrea delta and Exogyra nana.

IV. TECTONICS.Structurally the area forms part of the greater tectonic

complex-the Howardian Hills- -the limits of which lie far tothe south-east, south and west of this area, from the Cretaceousescarpment to the Vale of York-a distance of 22 miles.

Folding is absent from the area; although a 'roll in thestrata' at Appleton-le-Street detected by Blake and Hudlestonand Fox-Strangways has been interpreted by Dr. H. C. Versey[19, p. 20gJ as a fold of Caledonian trend. The anomalousposition of the Lower Calcareous Grit at this locality is now shownto be due to the elevation of 'the Appleton-Easthorpe blockbetween two approximately N.N.E.-S.S.W. faults. It is probablethat these two faults have displaced the W.N.W.-E.S.E. boundaryfault which exists below the variable covering of alluvium in thenorthern part of the area, but the evidence is insufficient to allowthe extent of any such displacement to be determined.

The area has suffered severely from the effects of faulting,which has been considerable in some examples and of lessermagnitude in others. The predominant direction of the dipof the strata varies from N, to N.N .E., with local modificationsin amount and direction due to faulting. The faulting in thevicinity of Hildenley has resulted in a reversal of the dip of theI1ildenley Limestone. The Lower Calcareous Grit has beensimilarly affected at Mills Hills near Coneysthorpe. As alreadynoted the stratigraphical sub-divisions present are not as fullydeveloped as in N.E. Yorkshire and it follows that the topo­graphic features one would expect to find along the southernedges of the beds are correspondingly less pronounced. Fre­quently, the continuity of the low escarpments and ridges hasbeen broken and modified by the intricate faulting. Thefaults may be classified into two groups :-

(a) Those trending east-west with variations in some casesto west-north-west-east-south-east directions.

(b) Those approximately at right angles to group (a).

UPPER JURASSIC ROCKS, MALTON AXD CASTLE HOWARD. 263

The former are dominant in number and in their effects. Theyrange approximately parallel to the general W.N.W.-E.S.E.trend of the Howardian Hills asa whole.

The representation of the exact positions of the east-westfaults traversing the low country is rendered difficult by thenature of the deposits affected, but the information obtainedfrom the pipe-line in this vicinity is considered sufficient fortheir approximate definition.

The second group of faults contains but few and in mostcases their effects are of no great magnitude. The most notableare the two forming the western and eastern limits of theAppleton-Easthorpe block, for it is possible that they have alsoaffected the major E.-W. boundary fault which ranges betweenthe' Street Villages' and the railway in the northern part ofthe area.

Jointing is not developed in the Kellaways Sands and theClay formations; it is better developed at right angles to thestrike, in the Lower Calcareous Grit than in the overlyingOsmington Oolites.

v. SUMMARY.(1) The Kellaways Rock is developed as a considerable thickness

of loose sands and may include sands usually grouped intothe Upper Estuarine Series.

(2) The basal beds of the overlying Oxford Clay belong to therenggeri and lamberti zones. The extent of these clays isgreater in this area than was formerly mapped.

(3) The upper part of the Lower Calcareous Grit is probablyof 'prcecordatum zone' age, which is equivalent to theUpper Oxford Clay in the type area.

(4) The presence of the Lower Calcareous Grit at Appleton-le­Street is due to the differential elevation of the Appleton­Easthorpe block; the amount of elevation at Appletonbeing about 70 feet.

(5) Faulting has severely affected this area, and the faultsare grouped into (a) those trending E.-W., with variationsto W.N.W.-E.S.E., and (b) a smaller group at right anglesto the main faulting.

It is a pleasure to record my best thanks to the land-ownersand public authorities for the ready access I have always enjoyedto their estates, quarries and road workings in the area. Thework has been conducted in the Geological Laboratories at theImperial College of Science and Technology ; for these facilitiesand for reading the manuscript of this paper I tender sincerethanks to Professor P. G. H. Boswell, F.R.S. Dr. Morley Davieshas kindly checked the ammonite identifications and to him Iam most grateful. Finally, I must express my thanks to Dr.

Paoc. GBOL. Assoc.• VOL. XLVII.. PART 3. 1936. 17

264 UPPER JURASSIC ROCKS, MALTON AND CASTLE HOWARD.

Arkell for his interest and encouragement and a willingnessat all times to assist in overcoming difficulties; he has read themanuscript and offered many valuable comments and criticismson various points.

REFERENCES.I. ARKELL, W. J. 1929. A Monograph on the British Corallian

Lamellibranchia. Mon. Pal. Soc.2. 1930. The Generic Position of Phylogeny of some

Jurassic Acidae, Geol, Mag., vol. lxvii, pp. 297-310 and 337-52.3. 1933· The Jurassic System in Britain. Oxford,4. BLAKE, J. F. 1875. On the Kimmeridge Clay of England.

Q.J.G.S., vol. xxxi, pp. 196-237.5. 1905-1907. The Fauna of the Cornbrash, Mon. Pal.

Soc., pp. 16-17.6. and W. H. HUDLESTON, I8n. On the Corallian Rocks

of England. Q.J.G.S., vol. xxxiii, pp. 315-405.7. BOSWELL, P. G. H. 1918. British Resources of Sands and Rocks

used in Glass-making, znd edit., London.8. DAVIES, A. M. 1907. The Kimmeridge Clay and Corallian Rocks

of the neighbourhood of Brill. Q.J.G.S., vol. Ixiii, pp. 29-49.9. . 1916. The Zones of the Oxford and Ampthill Clays

in Buckinghamshire and Bedfordshire. Geol. Mag., vol. Iiii,pp. 395-400•

10. FOX-STRANGWAYS, C. 1881. The Geology of the Oolitic andLiassic Rocks to the North and West of Malton. Mem. Geol,Suru. E. Q,. W., pp. 7-11, 19-26, and 32-38.

II. 1884. The Geology of the Country North-East ofYork and South of Malton. Mem. Geol, Surv. E. Q,. W., pp. 14-24and 33-37.

12. . 1892. The Jurassic Rocks of Britain, vol. i, Yorkshire.Mem. Geol. Surv, U.K., pp. 252-4°7.

13. HUDLESTON, W. H. 1876-8. The Yorkshire Oolites. Proc. Geol.Assoc., vol. iii, pp. 283, 333; vol. iv, pp. 353-410; and vol. v,pp. 4°7-494·

14. . 1885. The Geology of Malton and Neighbourhood.Annual Rept. Malton Nat. Soc. No.2 for 1884-5, pp. 5-30.

15. KEEPING, W. and C. S. MIDDLEMISS. 1883. On some new Railwaysections and other rock exposures in the district of Cave, Yorkshire.Geol, Mag. (2), vol. X. pp. 215-21.

16. LAMPLUGH, G. W. 1922. On Differential Earth Movement inNorth-East Yorkshire during the Jurassic Period. Proc. Yorks.Geol, Soc., vol. xix, pp. 272-88.

17. PHILLIPS, J. 1875. Illustrations of the Geology of Yorkshire,Part I. The Yorkshire Coast. 3rd edit.. London, p. 32.

18. RICHARDSON, L. 1911. The Lower Oolitic Rocks of Yorkshire.Proc. Yorks. Geol. Soc.. vol. 17. pp. 184-2°4.

19. VERSEY, H. C. 1929. The Tectonic Structures of the HowardianHills and Adjacent Areas. Proc, Yorks. Geol. Soc., vol. xxi, pp.197-227.

20. WILSON, V. 1933 The Corallian Hocks of the Howardian Hills(Yorkshire). Q.J.G.S., vol. lxxxxix, pp. 480-509.

21. ---,- J. E. HEMINGWAY and M. BLACK. 1934. A Synopsisof the Jurassic Rocks of Yorkshire. Proc, Geol. Assoc., vol. xlv,pp. 265-288 and 302-304.

J

OF

THE COUNTRY BETWEENMALTON & CASTLE HOWARD

(EAST YORKSHIRE)BV

VERNON WI lSO N.

GEOLOGICAL SKETCH MAP

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OXFORD CLAY

KEl LAWA VS ROCK

LO 'W' ER CALCAREOUS GHIT

UPPER CALCAREOlJS GRlT

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BOULDER eL A'y

Hildtnk, tilOSMINGTON OOLITE SERltS

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