the united states at war 24-2. history is made in 1940, fdr pushed for a third term. fdr broke the...
TRANSCRIPT
THE UNITED STATES AT WAR
24-2
HISTORY IS MADE
In 1940, FDR pushed for a third term.
FDR broke the example by George Washington.
He won the office by his slogan, “Your boys are not
going to be sent into any foreign wars.
He won reelection very easily
LEND-LEASE ACT
Roosevelt favored the Allies
Before campaign, Winston Churchill had asked
Roosevelt for military aid, but selling supplies to
Britain would break the Neutrality Acts.
Roosevelt came to an agreement with Congress-
would sell to Britain but they had to pay in cash for
the goods.
By end of 1940, Britain was out of money in the
treasury.
LEND-LEASE ACT CON.
FDR feared that Britain would fall to the Nazis, so he asked
Congress to pass the law that he named Lend-Lease.
It allowed the United States to lend supplies to any nation
fighting against the Nazis.
Isolationist opposed the plan, stating that it would draw U.S. into
the war.
Although, most Americans favored the plan.
Lend-Lease convoys started moving across the Atlantic soon.
Then, to China and Soviet Union.
Because of the Lend-Lease, the US became known as “The great
arsenal of democracy.”
BUILD OF MILITARY
US took other precautions to the possibility of war entry.
Congress approved of the spread of the army and navy.
September 1940- passed law that enabled the first peacetime
draft.
FDR ordered the Army Air Corps to establish a African American
unit under the leader of a black officer.
A flight training program was set up at Alabama Tuskegee Army
Air Field
Later, they would make an amazing combat record
THE ATLANTIC CHARTER
In August, 1941 Churchill and Roosevelt made the
Atlantic Charter.
It stated the major goals for the postwar world.
No territorial gain & wanted the people to choose the
government they want.
Also, they wanted to make a new international group that
would be better than the League of Nations, which failed.
THE U.S. IS IN THE WAR.
It was Asia that drew the United States into the war, not
Europe.
Japan invaded French Indochina, this included Vietnam, Laos,
and Cambodia.
Roosevelt restricted exports of iron and steel to them. And the
sell of oil.
Japan then didn’t have enough fuel for their navy, so their
leaders decided on war against the U.S.
They started plans to attack.
PEARL HARBOR
“Yesterday, December 7, 1941, a date which will live in infamy, the
United States of America was suddenly and deliberately attacked by
naval and air forces of the Empire of Japan.”
1. Hawaiian island of Oahu.
2. Naval, air and ground forces at Pearl Harbor
3. Destroyed almost half of the 400 aircrafts. 4. Damaged 8 battleships 5. 2 of them were beyond repair.
Almost 2,400 Americans died.
A GLOBAL CONFLICT
WWII was a greater global conflict than WWI or
any other war. Axis PowersI. Germany
II. Italy III. Japan IV. 6 other countries.
Allied Powersa) Britainb) Francec) Soviet Uniond) United States e) China f) 45 other countries
EUROPE & THE NAZIS
Early 1942, faced situations on all fronts.
Germany controlled the majority of the Western Europe
front.
Britain hadn’t fallen but it was basically powerless against
the Nazis.
In the Eastern Europe front, Nazis were deep in the Soviet
territory. Which caused the Soviet to lose millions.
Even besides that, in 1942, the Allies’ were still ‘winning’
THE SOVIET RESIST
Hitler thought that the Soviet Union would fall
quickly to him and his army.
The Germans began to advance towards Moscow,
but with the help of the Russian’s harsh winter, the
Soviet troops halted the Germans.
STALINGRAD
The Germans started another offensive in mid-
1942.
Then a major battle took place in and around
Stalingrad
The troops fought for many months, but it ended in
a very clear Soviet victory.
After the victory, the Soviet troops began to make
the Germans retreat off the Russian land.
NORTH AFRICAN TIDE TURNS
In North Africa, Erwin Rommel one of Germany’s most respective
general won a series of fast victories in North Africa.
In October 1942, British forces beat the German at El Alamein, a
battle in Egypt.
During which, the British slowly drove Rommel’s Tank Corp westward
to Tunisia.
Meanwhile, the first American troops arrived in North Africa.
They were under control of Dwight Eisenhower.
American troops occupied Morocco and Algeria.
Stuck between them, Rommel surrendered in May 1943.
JAPAN GOES THROUGH
Japanese troops took control of many countries.
1) Hong Kong2) Malaya3) Thailand 4) Burma 5) Guam 6) Wake Island 7) Dutch East Indies
(Indonesia)8) Soloman Island 9) Australia (threatened)
THE PHILIPPINES FALL
It was only hours after Pearl Harbor, the Japanese bombed the
Philippines, and the group of islands that were controlled by the U.S.
Japan’s strategy was to make most of their airplanes beyond repair.
Luzon, the most valuable island, was invaded.
Douglas MacArthur was the general at the time, and he ordered a
Filipino-American force.
As Japan moved in toward Manila, Filipino-American forces moved onto
the Bataan peninsula.
FDR then told him to go to Australia and take charge of the U.S. troops
down there.
On Bataan and Corregidor, Americans and Filipinos
made a heroic defense.
Early in March, they were the only ones fighting
against the Japanese in the Pacific.
American and Filipino forces at Bataan
surrendered on April 9.
They surrendered at Corregidor in May.
BATAAN DEATH MARCH
Here, they captured about 70,000 soldiers.
American and Filipinos prisoners were weak from
hunger, but were also forced to walk 65 miles to a
prison camp.
10,000 prisoners died of starvation, disease, or
violence.
About 15% of the prisoners.
CORAL SEA
Only after 2 major battles did the tide begin to turn in the
Pacific.
May 1942, the battle of Coral Sea was done in a new kind
of warfare.
Planes took of from the aircraft carriers and then attacked
the others ships that were far away.
Both of the Americans and Japanese lost many, but the
U.S. halted the Japanese forces from invading New Guinea.
MIDWAY
Then, in April, wanted to take Midway.
Midway was a major American military base.
4 Japanese carriers
322 aircrafts
Reduced them of highly trained pilots
After this, Japan didn’t rule the Pacific anymore.
BIB PAGE
http://www.fanpop.com/clubs/great-britain/images/1351
1748/title/great-britain-flag-wallpaper
http://the.shadock.free.fr/russian.html
http://www.themodelshipwright.com/high-resolution-shi
p-plans/cargo-ships/victory-ship-u-s-s-gage/
http://japandailypress.com/japanese-collector-set-to-reb
uild-a-wwii-hayabusa-fighter-plane-3036799/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attack_on_Pearl_Harbor