The Time Between the The Time Between the TestamentsTestaments

Maps by David P. Barrett, used by permissionMaps by David P. Barrett, used by permission

Macedonian Phalanx

Alexander &Alexander &BucephalusBucephalus

AristotleAristotle

• King at age 20King at age 20

• League of Greek League of Greek nationsnations

• Invasion of AsiaInvasion of Asia

• Victory at Issus

• Capture of family of Darius

Tyre

Alexander the Great of Macedonia, 332 B.C.

PhoenicianWarship

• Fall of Tyre Fall of Tyre on July 29. on July 29. 332 B.C.332 B.C.

• Seven Seven month siegemonth siege

Ezekiel 26:2-3Ezekiel 26:2-3 Son of man, because Tyre has said

concerning Jerusalem, “Aha, the gateway of the peoples is broken; it has opened to me. I shall be filled, now that she is laid waste,”

3 therefore, thus says the Lord God, “Behold, I am against you, O Tyre, and I will bring up many nations against you, as the sea brings up its waves.”

Prophecy of TyreProphecy of Tyre• Many nations will come against Tyre (26:3).

• Her walls and towers will be broken down (26:4).

• The debris of the city will be removed (26:4).

• Nebuchadnezzar will attack (26:7).

• Stones and timbers thrown into the water (26:12).

• Tyre will be a bare rock and a place for spreading of nets (26:14).

• The city will not be rebuilt (26:14).

• Siege of GazaSiege of Gaza

• Alexander at Alexander at JerusalemJerusalem

And when the book of Daniel was showed him, wherein Daniel declared that one of the Greeks should destroy the empire of the Persians, he supposed that himself was the person intended; and he was then glad. (Antiquities 11:8:5).

Mosaic in Pompeii

• Cultural interchange Cultural interchange

from east to westfrom east to west

• Scientific learningScientific learning

• HellenizationHellenization

• Greek languageGreek language

• Alexander’s deathAlexander’s death

The World ofThe World ofAlexanderAlexander

Ptolemy

Antigonusthe one-eyed

Cassander

Seleucus

Lysimachus

PtolemySoter

Ptolemy II PhiladelphusPtolemy II Philadelphus

• Pharos Lighthouse Pharos Lighthouse

• Library of AlexandriaLibrary of Alexandria

• SeptuagintSeptuagint

• War with the SeleucidsWar with the Seleucids

Antiochus III“the Great”

Antiochus IV EpiphanesAntiochus IV Epiphanes

“Antiochus the Magnificent”

• Hostage in Rome• Escape• Campaign against

Egypt

• Hostage in Rome• Escape• Campaign against

Egypt• First revolt in Judah

Antiochus imposed the following Antiochus imposed the following RegulationsRegulations

• Jews could not assemble for prayerJews could not assemble for prayer

• Observance of the Sabbath was forbiddenObservance of the Sabbath was forbidden

• Possession of the Scriptures was illegalPossession of the Scriptures was illegal

• Circumcision was illegalCircumcision was illegal

• Dietary laws illegalDietary laws illegal

• Pagan sacrifices mandatedPagan sacrifices mandated

Ptolemy

Antiochus IV

•Maccabean Revolt

Mattathias

Johanan JudasSimon Eleazer Jonathan

Antiochus IV

•Maccabean Revolt•166 B.C.•Mattathias•Temple liberated

Antiochus EpiphanesAntiochus Epiphanes• Comes on the heels of Alexander’s Comes on the heels of Alexander’s

generalsgenerals

• Magnifies itself against the Jews and Magnifies itself against the Jews and against their Godagainst their God

• He puts a stop to the sacrificial system He puts a stop to the sacrificial system and makes alterations to the Lawand makes alterations to the Law

• He attempts to overturn the truth of the He attempts to overturn the truth of the ScripturesScriptures

• He has power over the nation of IsraelHe has power over the nation of Israel

Antiochus EpiphanesAntiochus Epiphanes• His sway over the Temple endures for His sway over the Temple endures for

approximately 3 and a half years (2300 approximately 3 and a half years (2300 mornings and evenings).mornings and evenings).

• Then the holy place is ultimately properly Then the holy place is ultimately properly restoredrestored

Mattathias

Johanan JudasSimon Eleazer Jonathan

• Simon becomes new leaderSimon becomes new leader• Judah recognized as a free state: 142 B.C.Judah recognized as a free state: 142 B.C.• High PriestHigh Priest• Murdered by his son-in-lawMurdered by his son-in-law

Mattathias

Johanan JudasSimon Eleazer Jonathan

JohnHyrcanus

Judah Mattathias

• John Hyrcanus becomes leader

• Samaria, Galilee & Idumea conquered

• Forced conversions of conquered peoples

Two New Jewish PartiesTwo New Jewish Parties

• Hasidim: “The Pious Ones”Hasidim: “The Pious Ones”

– PhariseesPharisees

• Hellenists: Greek influenceHellenists: Greek influence

– SadduceesSadducees

Mattathias

Johanan JudasSimon Eleazer Jonathan

JohnHyrcanus

Judah Mattathias

Aristobulus AlexanderJanneus

• Aristobulus: High Priest & King

• Imprisoned his mother & brothers

Mattathias

Johanan JudasSimon Eleazer Jonathan

JohnHyrcanus

Judah Mattathias

SalomeAlexandria

Aristobulus AlexanderJanneus

Aristobulus IIHyrcanus II

• Commissioned to clear Commissioned to clear the seas of piracythe seas of piracy

• Conquests in SyriaConquests in Syria

• Conquest of JerusalemConquest of Jerusalem

• Territorial Territorial arrangementsarrangements

PompeyPompeythe Greatthe Great

Judea

Decapolis

Samaria

RomanCivilWar

Antipateras

Procurator

PhasaelPhasael

HerodHerod

• Brutus

• Cassius

• Mark Antony

• Octavius

Parthians

Petra

Marc Antony

Octavius

Herod the GreatHerod the Great

40 - 4 B.C.40 - 4 B.C.

Zerubbabel’s TempleSeleucid AdditionHasmonean ExpansionHerod’s Temple

AntoniaFortress

Herodium

Masada

Geological Upthrust

CaesareaCaesarea

• Breakwater

• Sunken stones

Herod’s Domestic Troubles

It is better to be Herod’s u`jThan to be Herod’s ui`oj