the prophets and their prophecies © john stevenson, 2010 maps by david p. barrett, used by...

The ProphetsThe Prophetsand their Propheciesand their Prophecies

© John Stevenson, 2010Maps by David P. Barrett, used by permissionMaps by David P. Barrett, used by permission

Old Testament Designations Old Testament Designations for “Prophet”for “Prophet”

• Prophet Prophet NabiNabi (“Called one”) (“Called one”)

Then the LORD said to Moses, Then the LORD said to Moses, “See, I make you “See, I make you as as God to God to Pharaoh, and your brother Pharaoh, and your brother

Aaron shall be your prophet.” Aaron shall be your prophet.” (Exodus 7:1)(Exodus 7:1)


• ProphetProphet

• SeerSeer

Formerly in Israel, when a Formerly in Israel, when a man went to inquire of God, man went to inquire of God, he used to say, “Come, and he used to say, “Come, and let us go to the seer”; for let us go to the seer”; for he he who is called who is called a prophet now a prophet now was formerly called a seer. was formerly called a seer.

(1 Samuel 9:9).(1 Samuel 9:9).


• ProphetProphet

• SeerSeer

• ServantServant

At the time of the offering of At the time of the offering of the the evening evening sacrifice, Elijah sacrifice, Elijah the prophet came near and the prophet came near and

said… (1 Kings 18:36).said… (1 Kings 18:36).


• ProphetProphet

• SeerSeer

• ServantServant

““O LORD, the God of O LORD, the God of Abraham, Isaac and Israel, Abraham, Isaac and Israel, today let it be known that today let it be known that You are God in Israel and You are God in Israel and

that I am that I am Your servantYour servant and I and I have done all these things at have done all these things at Your word.” (1 Kings 18:36).Your word.” (1 Kings 18:36).


• ProphetProphet

• SeerSeer

• ServantServant

• MessengerMessenger

• Man of GodMan of God

The Function of the Old The Function of the Old Testament ProphetTestament Prophet

• They functioned as PreachersThey functioned as Preachers

• They functioned as PredictorsThey functioned as Predictors

Distinctive Roles of Distinctive Roles of Prophet Versus PriestProphet Versus Priest

Priest Prophet

Represented the peopleto God.

Represented God tothe people.

Ministered theceremonies of worship

Ministered theproclamation of the

Word.

Historical Books

2000 - 1500

Period of the Patriarchs

1500 - 1000 1000 - 500

Exodus and Sinai

Judges Kings of Israel and Judah

Ret

urn

Poetic Books

Torah

Prophetic Books

What do these two What do these two passages teach us passages teach us

about the ministry of about the ministry of the prophets?the prophets?

NumbersNumbers12:6-812:6-8

DeuteronomyDeuteronomy18:15-2218:15-22

The word which The word which came to Jeremiah from came to Jeremiah from the LORD saying, the LORD saying, 22 “Arise “Arise and go down to the and go down to the potter’s house, and there I potter’s house, and there I shall announce My words shall announce My words to you.”to you.” 33 Then I went down to Then I went down to the potter's house, and the potter's house, and there he was, making there he was, making something on the wheel.something on the wheel.

Jeremiah 18:1-3Jeremiah 18:1-3

But the vessel that he was making But the vessel that he was making of clay was spoiled in the hand of the of clay was spoiled in the hand of the potter; so he remade it into another potter; so he remade it into another vessel, as it pleased the potter to make.vessel, as it pleased the potter to make.

Jeremiah 18:4Jeremiah 18:4

Then the word of the LORD came Then the word of the LORD came to me saying, to me saying, 66 “Can I not, O house of “Can I not, O house of Israel, deal with you as this potter Israel, deal with you as this potter does?” declares the LORD. “Behold, does?” declares the LORD. “Behold, like the clay in the potter's hand, so are like the clay in the potter's hand, so are you in My hand, O house of Israel.”you in My hand, O house of Israel.”


At one moment I might speak At one moment I might speak concerning a nation or concerning a concerning a nation or concerning a kingdom to uproot, to pull down, or to kingdom to uproot, to pull down, or to destroy it; destroy it; 88 if that nation against which I if that nation against which I have spoken turns from its evil, I will have spoken turns from its evil, I will relent concerning the calamity I planned relent concerning the calamity I planned to bring on it.to bring on it.


Or at another moment I might Or at another moment I might speak concerning a nation or concern-speak concerning a nation or concern-ing a kingdom to build up or to plant it; ing a kingdom to build up or to plant it; 1010 if it does evil in My sight by not obeying if it does evil in My sight by not obeying My voice, then I will think better of the My voice, then I will think better of the good with which I had promised to bless good with which I had promised to bless it. it.


PredictionPrediction

If I speak If I speak concerning concerning a nation to a nation to destroy itdestroy it

ContingencyContingency

If they turn If they turn from their from their

evilevil

FulfillmentFulfillment

I will relent I will relent of the of the

calamitycalamity

If I speak If I speak concerning concerning a nation to a nation to

plant itplant it

If they do If they do evil and do evil and do not obeynot obey

I will think I will think better of better of the goodthe good

• 2 Samuel 12:22. “…for I said, ‘Who knows, the LORD may be gracious to me, that the child may live.’”

• Jonah 3:9. “Who knows, God may turn and relent and withdraw His burning anger so that we will not perish.”

• Joel 2:14. Who knows whether He will not turn and relent and leave a blessing behind Him

• Conditional Predictions: “If… then” Conditional Predictions: “If… then” clausesclauses

• Unqualified PredictionsUnqualified Predictions

• Confirmed PredictionsConfirmed Predictions

• Sworn PredictionsSworn Predictions

““Come now, and let us reason together,”Come now, and let us reason together,”Says the LORD, Says the LORD, “Though your sins are as scarlet,“Though your sins are as scarlet,They will be as white as snow;They will be as white as snow;Though they are red like crimson,Though they are red like crimson,They will be like wool.” (Isaiah 1:18)They will be like wool.” (Isaiah 1:18)

“If you consent and obey, You will eat the best of the land; 20 But if you refuse and rebel, You will be devoured by the sword.” Truly, the mouth of the LORD has spoken. (Isaiah 1:18-20).

Then Jonah began to go through the city one day’s walk; and he cried out and said, “Yet forty days and Nineveh will be overthrown.” (Jonah 3:4).

Then the LORD answered me and said, “Record the vision And inscribe it on tablets, That the one who reads it may run.” (Habakkuk 2:2).

“For the vision is yet for the appointed time; It hastens toward the goal and it will not fail. Though it tarries, wait for it; For it will certainly come, it will not delay. (Habakkuk 2:3).

“Turn to Me and be saved, all the ends of the earth; For I am God, and there is no other. 23 I have sworn by Myself, The word has gone forth from My mouth in righteousness And will not turn back, That to Me every knee will bow, every tongue will swear allegiance.” (Isaiah 45:22-23).

Isaiah 7:14Isaiah 7:14Therefore the Lord Himself will

give you a sign: Behold, a virgin will be with child and bear a son, and she will call His name Immanuel.

Now it came about in Now it came about in the days of Ahaz, the the days of Ahaz, the

son of Jotham, the son son of Jotham, the son of Uzziah, king of of Uzziah, king of

Judah, that Rezin the Judah, that Rezin the king of Aram and king of Aram and Pekah the son of Pekah the son of Remaliah, king of Remaliah, king of Israel, went up to Israel, went up to

Jerusalem to Jerusalem to wage wage war war against it, but could not against it, but could not conquer it. (Isaiah 7:1conquer it. (Isaiah 7:1))

When it was reported When it was reported to the house of to the house of

David, saying, “The David, saying, “The Arameans have Arameans have

camped in Ephraim,” camped in Ephraim,” his heart and the his heart and the

hearts of his people hearts of his people shook as the trees of shook as the trees of the forest shake with the forest shake with

the wind. the wind. (Isaiah 7:2(Isaiah 7:2))

Isaiah 7:3Isaiah 7:3Then the LORD

said to Isaiah, “Go out now to meet Ahaz, you and your son Shear-jashub, at the end of the conduit of the upper pool, on the highway to the fuller’s field,

Isaiah 7:4Isaiah 7:4“…and say to him, ‘Take care and be calm, have no fear and do not be fainthearted because of these two stubs of smoldering firebrands, on account of the fierce anger of Rezin and Aram and the son of Remaliah.’”

Isaiah 7:5-7Isaiah 7:5-7Because Aram, with Ephraim and

the son of Remaliah, has planned evil against you, saying, 6 “Let us go up against Judah and terrorize it, and make for ourselves a breach in its walls and set up the son of Tabeel as king in the midst of it,” 7 thus says the Lord GOD: “It shall not stand nor shall it come to pass.”

For the head of Aram For the head of Aram is Damascus and the is Damascus and the head of Damascus is head of Damascus is

Rezin (now within Rezin (now within another 65 years another 65 years Ephraim will be Ephraim will be

shattered, shattered, so that it is so that it is no longer a people)… no longer a people)…

(Isaiah 7:8) (Isaiah 7:8)

Isaiah 7:10-11Isaiah 7:10-11Then the LORD spoke again to

Ahaz, saying, 11 “Ask a sign for yourself from the LORD your God; make it deep as Sheol or high as heaven.”

Isaiah 7:12-13Isaiah 7:12-13But Ahaz said, “I will not ask, nor

will I test the LORD!” 13 Then he said, “Listen now, O house of David! Is it too slight a thing for you to try the patience of men, that you will try the patience of my God as well?”

Isaiah 7:14-16Isaiah 7:14-16Therefore the Lord Himself will

give you a sign: Behold, a virgin will be with child and bear a son, and she will call His name Immanuel. 15 He will eat curds and honey at the time He knows enough to refuse evil and choose good. 16 For before the boy will know enough to refuse evil and choose good, the land whose two kings you dread will be forsaken.

And He came to And He came to Nazareth, where He Nazareth, where He

had been brought up; had been brought up; and as was His and as was His

custom, He entered custom, He entered the synagogue on the synagogue on the Sabbath, and the Sabbath, and stood up to read. stood up to read.

(Luke 4:16)(Luke 4:16)

And the book of the prophet Isaiah was handed to Him. And He opened the book and found the place

where it was written…

(Luke 4:17)(Luke 4:17)

Luke 4:18-19Luke 4:18-19The Spirit of the Lord is upon me,

Because He anointed me to preach the gospel to the poor.

He has sent me to proclaim release to the captives,

And recovery of sight to the blind,

To set free those who are oppressed,

To proclaim the favorable year of the Lord.

Luke 4:20-21Luke 4:20-21And He closed the book, gave it

back to the attendant and sat down; and the eyes of all in the synagogue were fixed on Him. 21 And He began to say to them, “Today this Scripture has been fulfilled in your hearing.”

The Spirit of the Lord GOD is upon me, The Spirit of the Lord GOD is upon me, Because the LORD has anointed me Because the LORD has anointed me To bring good news to the afflicted; To bring good news to the afflicted; He has sent me to bind up the broken-He has sent me to bind up the broken-hearted, hearted, To proclaim liberty to captives To proclaim liberty to captives And freedom to prisoners;And freedom to prisoners;22 To proclaim the favorable year of the To proclaim the favorable year of the LORD LORD And the day of vengeance of our GodAnd the day of vengeance of our God (Isaiah 61:1-2a).(Isaiah 61:1-2a).

Creation Covenant

God gives a land

But like Adam they have But like Adam they have transgressed the transgressed the covenant; covenant; There they have dealt There they have dealt treacherously against Me. treacherously against Me. (Hosea 6:7)(Hosea 6:7)

Creation Covenant

God gives a land

Noahic Covenant

Abrahamic Covenant

Renewal of the land

Promise of a land

Adamic Covenant

Salvation promise

Mosaic Covenant

Blessings & cursings in the land

If you walk in My statutes and keep If you walk in My statutes and keep My commandments… (26:3)My commandments… (26:3)

• I will give you rainI will give you rain

• The land will yield its produceThe land will yield its produce

• The trees of the field will bear fruitThe trees of the field will bear fruit

• You will eat your food to the fullYou will eat your food to the full

• I will grant you peaceI will grant you peace

• You will chase your enemiesYou will chase your enemies

• I will make you fruitful and multiply youI will make you fruitful and multiply you

• I will dwell with youI will dwell with you

If you do not obey Me and carry out If you do not obey Me and carry out all these commandments… (26:14)all these commandments… (26:14)

• I will appoint over you a sudden terror, I will appoint over you a sudden terror, consumption and feverconsumption and fever

• You shall sow your seed uselesslyYou shall sow your seed uselessly

• You shall be struck down before your You shall be struck down before your enemiesenemies

• Those who hate you shall rule over youThose who hate you shall rule over you

• You shall flee when no one is pursuingYou shall flee when no one is pursuing

If, after these things, you do not If, after these things, you do not obey me… (26:18)obey me… (26:18)

• I will punish you seven times moreI will punish you seven times more

• I will break down your pride of powerI will break down your pride of power

• Your strength will be spent uselesslyYour strength will be spent uselessly

• Your land will not produce its produceYour land will not produce its produce

• The trees of the land will not yield their The trees of the land will not yield their fruitfruit

If, then you act with hostility toward If, then you act with hostility toward Me and are not willing… (26:21)Me and are not willing… (26:21)

• I will increase the plague seven timesI will increase the plague seven times

• I will let loose among you the beast of I will let loose among you the beast of the fieldthe field

• They shall bereave you of your children They shall bereave you of your children and destroy your cattleand destroy your cattle

If, by these things you are not If, by these things you are not turned to Me… (26:23)turned to Me… (26:23)

• I will strike you seven timesI will strike you seven times

• I will bring upon you a swordI will bring upon you a sword

• I will strike you with a pestilenceI will strike you with a pestilence

• Your bread shall be rationedYour bread shall be rationed

If, in spite of this, you do not obey If, in spite of this, you do not obey Me… (26:27)Me… (26:27)

• I will punish you seven times moreI will punish you seven times more

• You shall eat the flesh of your sons You shall eat the flesh of your sons and daughtersand daughters

• I will cut down your high placesI will cut down your high places

• I will lay waste your citiesI will lay waste your cities

• I will make the land desolateI will make the land desolate

• I will scatter you among the nations I will scatter you among the nations and you will perish among the nationsand you will perish among the nations

If they confess their iniquity or if If they confess their iniquity or if their uncircumcised heart becomes their uncircumcised heart becomes humbled... (26:40-41)humbled... (26:40-41)

• I will remember My covenantI will remember My covenant

• I will remember the landI will remember the land

• I will not reject them to destroy themI will not reject them to destroy them

• I will remember for them the covenant I will remember for them the covenant with their ancestorswith their ancestors

Mosaic Covenant

Blessings & cursings in the land

Davidic Covenant

King over the land

New Covenant

King dies for His kingdom

Removalfrom the

Land

Return toto the Land

Indeed, as I live, all the earth Indeed, as I live, all the earth will be filled with the glory of the will be filled with the glory of the

Lord (Numbers 14:21).Lord (Numbers 14:21).

• A People• A Land• A Nation• A King

• All People• The World• All Nations• The King

• The Temple• The Vine• The Servant• The Seed

If I be lifted up from the

earth

I will draw all men to

myselfJohn 12:32

T.J. Campo

BruisedBruisedHead/heelHead/heel

Conflict between two seeds (Genesis 3:15)Conflict between two seeds (Genesis 3:15)EdenEden

ReturnReturnCaptivityCaptivity Seventy Years

““When seventy When seventy years have been years have been

completed for completed for Babylon… Babylon…

(Jeremiah 29:10)(Jeremiah 29:10)

ReturnReturnCaptivityCaptivity Seventy Years

……I will visit you I will visit you and fulfill My good and fulfill My good

word to you, to word to you, to bring you back to bring you back to

this place this place (Jeremiah 29:10)(Jeremiah 29:10) ..

Jeremiah 29:11-13Jeremiah 29:11-13“For I know the plans that I

have for you,” declares the LORD, “plans for welfare and not for calamity to give you a future and a hope. 12 Then you will call upon Me and come and pray to Me, and I will listen to you. 13 You will seek Me and find Me when you search for Me with all your heart.”

• To finish the transgression.To finish the transgression.

• To make an end of sin.To make an end of sin.

• To make atonement for iniquity.To make atonement for iniquity.

• To bring in everlasting righteousness.To bring in everlasting righteousness.

• To seal up vision and prophecy.To seal up vision and prophecy.

• To anoint the most holy To anoint the most holy placeplace..

Daniel 9:24Daniel 9:24

70th

Week

Daniel 9:24Daniel 9:24

69 Weeks69 WeeksRestore &Rebuild

Jerusalem

…beginning with Mosesand with all the prophets,He explained to them thethings concerningHimself in all theScriptures (Luke 24:27).

The Meaning of The Meaning of “Fulfillment”“Fulfillment”

• Different from our use of the termDifferent from our use of the term

• Application of a passage - Application of a passage - MidrashMidrash

• Multiple fulfillmentsMultiple fulfillments

• Non-PredictionsNon-Predictions

When Israel was a youth I loved him, And out of Egypt I called My son. (Hosea 11:1)


• Predictions CompletedPredictions Completed

Therefore the Lord Himself will give Therefore the Lord Himself will give you a sign: Behold, a virgin will be with you a sign: Behold, a virgin will be with child and bear a son, and she will call child and bear a son, and she will call His name Immanuel. (Isaiah 7:14).His name Immanuel. (Isaiah 7:14).



• Predictions UninitiatedPredictions Uninitiated

Rejoice greatly, O daughter of Zion! Rejoice greatly, O daughter of Zion! Shout Shout in triumphin triumph, O daughter of , O daughter of Jerusalem! Jerusalem! Behold, your king is coming to you… Behold, your king is coming to you… (Zechariah 9:9a).(Zechariah 9:9a).




He is just and endowed with salvation, He is just and endowed with salvation, Humble, and mounted on a donkey, Humble, and mounted on a donkey, Even on a colt, the foal of a donkey. Even on a colt, the foal of a donkey. (Zechariah 9:9b).(Zechariah 9:9b).

In earlier times He treated the land of Zebulun and theland of Naphtali withcontempt,But later on He shall make it glorious, by the way of the sea, on the other side of Jordan, Galilee of the Gentiles. (Isaiah 9:1)

Galilee

Jerusalem

AssyrianInvasion

The people who walk in darknessWill see a great light;Those who live in a dark land,The light will shine on them. (Isaiah 9:2).

Galilee

Jerusalem

AssyrianInvasion

Ministry of Jesus in

Zechariah 9:9Zechariah 9:9

Rejoice greatly, O daughter of Zion! Rejoice greatly, O daughter of Zion! Shout in triumph, O daughter of Shout in triumph, O daughter of Jerusalem!Jerusalem!

Behold, your king is coming to you; He Behold, your king is coming to you; He is just and endowed with salvation,is just and endowed with salvation,

Humble, and mounted on a donkey,Humble, and mounted on a donkey,

Even on a colt, the foal of a donkey.Even on a colt, the foal of a donkey.




• Predictions Partially InitiatedPredictions Partially Initiated

Perspective of the

Hebrew Prophets

BabylonianBabylonianExileExile

Restoration Restoration of the Jews of the Jews

from from CaptivityCaptivity

Partial Partial fulfillmentfulfillment

Nations Nations oppress oppress people of people of

GodGod

Era of Era of Pentecost Pentecost & Gospel& Gospel

Spiritual Spiritual fulfillmentfulfillment

Nations Nations free to hear free to hear witness of witness of

GodGod

New Earth New Earth & Age to & Age to

ComeCome

Ultimate Ultimate fulfillmentfulfillment

Nations Nations serve the serve the

King King foreverforever

Messiah’s Messiah’s 11stst Coming Coming

Messiah’s Messiah’s 22ndnd Coming Coming

Types of FulfillmentsTypes of Fulfillments

• LiteralLiteral

• FigurativeFigurative

• SpiritualSpiritual

Literal FulfillmentsLiteral Fulfillments

• Ezekiel 26:1-14 and the fall of TyreEzekiel 26:1-14 and the fall of Tyre

• Zechariah 9:9 where the Messiah Zechariah 9:9 where the Messiah rides into Jerusalem on a donkeyrides into Jerusalem on a donkey

• Psalm 22:18 where the soldiers cast Psalm 22:18 where the soldiers cast lots for the garments of Jesuslots for the garments of Jesus

Figurative fulfillmentsFigurative fulfillments

• John 2:19.John 2:19. “Destroy this temple and “Destroy this temple and in three days I will raise it up.”in three days I will raise it up.”

• Psalm 118:22.Psalm 118:22. The stone which the The stone which the builders rejectedbuilders rejected

• Isaiah 22:22.Isaiah 22:22. Key of the House of Key of the House of DavidDavid

• Zechariah 13:7.Zechariah 13:7. Strike the shepherd Strike the shepherd

Spiritual FulfillmentsSpiritual Fulfillments

• Isaiah 2:2-3 speaks of the mountain Isaiah 2:2-3 speaks of the mountain of the house of the Lord being lifted of the house of the Lord being lifted up above the nationsup above the nations

• Amos 9:11-12 tells how God will Amos 9:11-12 tells how God will raise raise up the fallen booth of David, and wall up the fallen booth of David, and wall up its breachesup its breaches and and raise up its ruins, raise up its ruins, and rebuild it as in the days of oldand rebuild it as in the days of old

the prophets and their prophecies © john stevenson, 2010 maps by david p. barrett, used by...

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old testament prophetthey

represented god

god of abraham

o house of israel

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potters house

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good2 samuel