'The Thirteen British Colonies,~ By 1750 there were 13 British colonies along

the Atlantic coast south of New France.

In the New England Colonies, people lived andworked in fishing villages, port cities, and smalltowns surrounded by modest family farms.

In the Middle Colonies, farms werelarger and farmland more productive.Lively urban centers were hometo prosperous merchantsand skilled artisans.

/

\

Originally New Netherlan1d;English gain control !n 1~64.

In the Southern Colonies,the large plantations nearthe coast grew single cropsfor trade at nearbyport cities. Smaller townsand farms dotted thefoothills farther west.

32, I

100 200 kilometers

100 200 miles, !

In 1750 few colonies haddefinite western boundaries.Those not blocked by othercolonies continued toexpand as settlers movedwest into new territory.

THIRTEEN COLONIES1750

- Regional division

- Colonial boundary

- - - Indefinite boundary

* Colonial capital

1607 Date founded

Originally New Sweden;English gain control in 1664.

N

ATLANTICOCEAN

FALL LINESETTLEMENTS

Land Region

D Plains and lowland

D Plateau

D Highland

== City on Fall Line

o 100 200 miles! ! ,

,.........,....

o 100 200 kilometers

Waterfalls along the edge of the Piedmontcreated a barrier to navigation called theFall Line. Trading towns grew up wheregoods to be carried past the falls wereunloaded from boats.

-.

RELIGION IN THE COLONIES, 1760

OfficialReligions

D Anglican (Episcopal)D Puritan (Congregational)D None (policy of

religious tolerance)

Distribution ofOther Religions

+ Baptist+ Lutheran+ Mennonite+ Presbyterian+ Quaker••• Roman Catholic* Jewish

100 200 miles! ,

100 200 kilometers

1 Like European countries of the time,most colonies financially supportedone religion and not others.Four other colonies encouragedall religions but gavemoney to none. /

POPULATION BY COLONY, 1750

By 1750 there were over a million settlers andslaves in the 13 colonies. The two earliestcolonies had the largest populations.

------------------

Era 2COLONIZATION AND SETTLEMENT1585-1763

«.• ·foreijl1UT ofdifferw tMj~Uhaoe. ... tJeld-uredover toide. and. ftormyseas to C{)/IUe-

Imher. JJ

Maryland was RomanCatholic until 1649, andbecame Anglican in 1691.

-PETER KALM,SWEDISH IMMIGRANT

DESCRIBING PENNSYLVANIA, 1738

ATLANTICOCEAN

COLONISTS FROMMANY NATIONS

33

Largest European GroupD EnglishD GermanD Scots-IrishD DutchD Scots

Enslaved Africans~ Over 30% of~ local population

- Colonial boundary, 1760Colonists tended to settle with others from thesame part of Europe. By 1760 ethnically distinctregions could be found throughout the colonies.Notice changes since 1640, shown on page 31.

100 200 milesI ,

i i

100 200 kilometers

Slavery in the AmericasW More than 11 million Africans were sold

into slavery in the Americas. Most wereput to work on plantations in the West Indiesand Brazil.

,c&A In North America, the Southern Coloniescopied the plantation system, which reliedon slave labor.

IW By 1760 slaves were held in all 13 colonies,but slavery remained concentrated onplantations and in large cities.

,ea.l, Although far outnumbered by slaves,many people of African descent gainedtheir freedom and continued to livein the colonies.

Trade route

--------------------------------~-----------~------

Ships sailed to Africa or the West Indies to trade manufacturedgoods for enslaved Africans. Next the slaves were taken to portsnear plantations. Then ships completed their routes by carryingplantation crops to their home ports.

Slaves on plantations dug pits for planting sugar cane and later harvested it with large knives.Then they crushed and boiled the cane in mills where temperatures reached 140°F. Millionsdied after leading short lives of brutal labor.

17005 The largest sugarproducer in the West Indies,Jamaica has ten slaves forevery free person.

Caribbean Sea

SUGAR AND SLAVERY

Areas of Sugar Cultivation1505-1763

D British_D FrenchD SpanishD DutchD Danish

CARIB Native peoples

ATLANTIC OCEAN

200 400 miles! !

I

200 400 kilometers

1515 NativeIndian slaves ,s°\'\are replaced

1550 Most Caribbean Indiansare gone-killed by diseaseand brutal slave labor.

34

/

80"W

Era 2COLONIZATION AND SETTLEMENT1585-1763 __ ---- __

SLAVERY IN THE::BRITISH COLONIES, 1750

Where Slaves Worked

tit Household • Small farmr Workshop ~ Rice plantation~ Merchant ship ,@ Tobacco plantation

"'Indigo plantationo 100, 200 miles

Slave trade route o 100 200 kilometers

Rice was a familiar crop to many of the Africanfarmers brought directly to Southern slave markets.Most slaves in Northern colonies arrived by way ofthe West Indies.

ATLANTICOCEAN

DESTINATIONS OFATLANTIC SLAVE TRADE

Slave ships carried nearly 13 million peopleacross the Atlantic Ocean. One in eight diedduring the terrible journey.

"-_----i-300N

750

-------- 4,592-

~ -------------------~ ============~-------OJ _

~-----Vi _

1714 1734 1754 1774

SLAVE TRADE ATCHARLES TOWN

The demand for slave labor in the13 colonies grew with the demandfor the plantation crops of rice,indigo, and tobacco.

~NORTH ?7

AMERICA ATLANTICOCEAN

35

AFRICA

SOUTHAMERICA

PACIFICOCEAN