the teacher in-service program in south america

1

The Teacher In-Service Program in South America

September 2008Cordoba Argentina

Moshe Kam IEEE Educational Activities

2

A Few Words about IEEE

IEEE is the largest professional engineering association in the world

367,000 members in 150 countries A 501(c)3 organization in incorporated in New York

Originally concentrating on power engineering and communications IEEE at present spans technical interests across the spectrum of technology

From nanotechnology to oceanic engineering

In many respects IEEE has become “the steward of Engineering”

3

It all starts in Philadelphia… AIEE

In 1884 the Franklin Institute organized the International Electrical Exhibition in Philadelphia

The Operator, 15 April 1884 “The…exhibition would be attended by foreign electrical savants, engineers, and manufacturers...it would be a lasting disgrace to American electricians if no American electrical national society was in existence to receive them with the honors due them from their co-laborers in the United States." Thomas Edison, Elihu Thomson, Edwin Houston, and Edward Weston

AIEE’s First Technical Meeting 7-8 October 1884, the Franklin Institute

4

Early Presidents

Alexander G. Bell Elihu Thomson Charles Steinmetz Frank Sprague

5

A few more recent Presidents

Leah Jamieson Joseph Bordogna Michael Lightner Wallace Read

6

AIEE IRE

Established 1884

An American Organization

Representing the establishment

Rooted in Power Engineering

First computers working group Now the Computer Society

Established 1908

An international Organization

Open to students, young professionals

Quick to adopt advances in radar, radio, TV, electronics, computers

Proceedings of the Institute of Radio Engineers (January 1913)

1963: Merger of AIEE and IRE to create IEEE

7

What is IEEE?

A membership organization

A major creator and guardian of technical IP

A mechanism to bring people of common technical interests together

both geographically and disciplinarily

A guardian of the future of Engineering

An implementer of technology-related public Imperatives

8

What is IEEE?

A membership organization

A major creator and guardian of technical IP

A mechanism to bring people of common technical interests together

both geographically and disciplinarily

A guardian of the future of Engineering

An implementer of technology-related public Imperatives

9

What does IEEE do?

Publishes literature in engineering, technology and computing

Organizes conferences

Develops standards

Gets engineers and technologists from different locales together

Organizes professional activities among engineering students

Educates the public about Engineering

10

What does IEEE do?

Publishes literature in engineering, technology and computing

Organizes conferences

Develops standards

Gets engineers and technologists from different locales together

Organizes professional activities among engineering students

Educates the public about Engineering

11

Total IEEE Membership1963 - 2007

1963 1973

1983

1993

2007

12Excludes Graduate Student Member (GSM) grade

IEEE Higher Grade Membership1963 - 2007

13Above data includes Students and GSMs

IEEE Student Membership1963 - 2007

14

IEEE Membership By Region31 December 2007

Reflecting the global nature of IEEE, R8 and R10 are now the two largest IEEE Regions

R9 – 15,410

R8 – 64,976

R10

67,157R1 to 6 – 212,838

R7 – 15,947

R1 – 37,973

R2 – 32,363

R3 – 30,782

R4 – 23,555

R5 – 29,020

R6 – 59,145

15

Why is IEEE interested in pre-university engineering education

Because it is in our stated and un-stated mission

Because in many IEEE Sections there is marked decline in the interest of young people in Engineering

This is bad for the future of these communities and would have a negative impact on their standard of living

Because we do not believe the problem is going to be tackled effectively without us

Industry does not appear to be able to address the problem directly Governments do not appear sufficiently concerned (yet) Other engineering associations look up to us

16

What is the Problem?

Flat or declining engineering enrollments in most developed nations

Coupled with disappointing performance of youth in Mathematics

E.g., “free fall” in Scandinavia

Insufficient number of engineers and engineering educational programs in most developing countries

Asia is far behind Europe and the US in number of engineers per capita

17

What is the Problem?

Women & minority students conspicuously under-represented

Public perception of engineers/ engineering/ technology is largely misinformed Resulting in early decisions that block the

path of children to Engineering

18

Percentage of Science Degrees Awarded

Science degrees include life sciences, physical sciences, mathematics, statistics, computer sciences, engineering, manufacturing, and building

Source: Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development

19

World Development Indicators 2002

20

BS Degrees Awarded (US)

Source: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics

21

Comments on Pre-university and Engineering Education

in Argentina

The view from Piscataway

22

EDUCATION AND SKILLS IN ARGENTINA Assessing Argentina’s Stock of Human Capital

Lauritz Holm-Nielsen & Thomas Nikolaj HansenMarch 2003

The World BankLatin America and the Caribbean Regional Office, LCSHD

===============================================

Assessing Argentina’s Preparedness for the Knowledge Economy: Measuring Student Knowledge and Skills in

Reading, Mathematical and Scientific Literacy

Evidence from PISA 2000Programme for International Student Assessment

Husein Abdul-Hamid, Ph.D. University of Maryland

23

The Beginning…

The first courses in engineering began in the University of Buenos Aires (founded in 1821) in 1865

First degree granted in 1870

Professors were mostly of Italian origin from the universities of Milano, Parma and Torino

The university followed closely a Napoleonic model

Engineering education in Argentina in general had followed the continental European format

Sometimes even after the format was changed in Europe

24

Evolution and Growth By 1900 there were three main universities in Argentina

Buenos Aires, Cordoba and La Plata

All had engineering degrees with studies of five years and no intermediate degree

Over the years significant debate and high level of activity and controversy were observed with respect to

Autonomy of universities Governance of universities Entrance requirements Numerical quotas Legal basis for operation of universities

Most recently the national law Nº 24521 –Ley de Educación Superior

25

Current Size of the System

At present Argentina has 38 national universities, 6 federal institutes and 1 province university, all sustained by state funding

There are 41 private universities and 12 private institutes

67 of the 98 institutions grant engineering degrees

26

Degrees in Engineering

National universities 287 National institutes 14 Private universities 83 Private institutes 7

Total of 391 degrees in 1947 there were 10 In 1982 there were 106

Some degrees require a thesis

27

Students of Engineering

Number of students of Engineering in Argentina approximately 60,000

Many take more time to graduate when compared to other countries

even after taking into account 5-year planned duration

The graduation from a university is a gateway to practice

No separate system of licensing Accreditation is in the hands of a governmental

body (CONEAU)

28


29

Persistence of Early Models Argentina had not undergone some of the

reforms in education that were observed in other countries

Two-cycle curricula in many other systems One cycle in some Latin American countries is

isolated The possible transition to a two-cycle scheme is

under debate

Reasons for persistence of early models 1980s: effort focused on reconstruction of the

universities 1990s: reduced interest in engineering education

due to economic policies

30

Criticism of the educational system in Argentina

(World Bank Report 2003)

Curriculum at all levels is too heavily focused on rote learning and repetition

Quality of instruction needs improvement

In the university system, decreasing costs per student (coincident with the emergence of mass universities) and the absence of systematic quality assessments are part of the current difficulties

31

Public expenditure on education in Argentina (percent of GDP)


32

Primary teachers’ annual salaries in public institutions

(US$PPP 1998)

OECD, 2000

34

Table 3: Students in each of six levels of reading, selected countries (percent)

Country Below Level

1

Level 1

Level 2

Level 3

Level 4 Level 5

Brazil 23.3 32.5 27.7 12.9 3.1 0.6

Argentina 22.6 21.3 25.5 20.3 8.6 1.7

Chile 19.9 28.3 30.0 16.6 4.8 0.5

Mexico 16.1 28.1 30.3 18.8 6.0 0.9

US 6.4 11.5 21.0 27.4 21.5 12.2

Italy 5.4 13.5 25.6 30.6 19.5 5.3

Spain 4.1 12.2 25.7 32.8 21.1 4.2

Korea 0.9 4.8 18.6 38.8 31.1 5.7

OECDaverage

6.0 11.9 21.7 28.7 22.3 9.5

35

•Argentine students outperformed the average of students from other Latin American (LAC) countries in reading, math and science and were closest to Mexico than others

•In comparison to other participating countries, Argentina outperformed only three countries: Indonesia, Macedonia and Albania.

PISA Argentina’s performance

36

PISA Argentina’s overall performance

Reading: 37th out of 43 countries Reading: 2nd among 5 Latin American countries

In the order of Mexico, Argentina, Chile, Brazil, and Peru

Math: 36th out of 41 and 1st in LAC countries

in the order of Argentina, Mexico, Chile, Brazil, Peru

Science: 38th out of 41 and 3rd in LAC countries in the order of Mexico, Chile, Argentina, Brazil,

Peru

37

Language and Mathematics Skills, 3º EGB IDECE, 2000

•Significant regional variations

•Significant differences between public and private institutions

38

Language and Mathematics Skills, 9º EGB

40

UNESCO 1998

41

Other issues of interest

The future of the 5-year engineering degree Especially in light of the Bologna process and the impact of

the Washington Accord

The role of universities in research Considered suboptimal at present “Argentina suffers from an oversupply of researchers, seeing

that the private sector demand for R&D personnel is negligible”

The qualifications of university professors Fraction of holders of doctoral degrees

42

Other issues of interest

Communication skills of students Oral and in writing

The quality of laboratories and hands-on experience

Collaboration with industry

Brain Drain from Argentina and attempts to bring academics back home (e.g., R@ices)

43

World Bank Review (2003)

The fundamentals of the Argentine education system are strong: educational attainment is high and comparable to many emerging economies

Argentina’s education system has succeeded in creating a stock of human capital

by and large, meets the needs of the economy.

44

The education system has not succeeded in creating human resources, which enable Argentina to develop into a knowledge based economy

The economy continues to be dominated by low-tech, knowledge extensive industries, which consider the current stock of human capital as largely sufficient

A large part of Argentine researchers are unable to

find employment. In other words, there is no strong demand for analytical skills, flexibility and the ability to solve problems independently

45

The chief flaws of the Argentine education are in he areas of quality and relevance

Student achievement in the basic education system

stagnated and dropout rates in secondary education are excessively high

Quality in the tertiary education system continues to

be a challenge and several surveys indicate that the relevance of university

education in Argentina is lacking

47

Sources Alberto E. Dams, Carlos A. Godfrid , Carlos A. Raffo (School of

Engineering, University of Buenos Aires): Will the five-year engineering degree survive in Argentina? (2007)

http://www.senado.gov.ar/web/interes/constitucion/atribuciones.php

Francisco Garcés (Universidad Nacional de San Juan): LA ENSEÑANZA DE INGENIERÍA EN LA REPÚBLICA ARGENTINA

Lauritz Holm-Nielsen & Thomas Nikolaj Hansen (The World Bank Latin America and the Caribbean Regional Office): EDUCATION AND SKILLS IN ARGENTINA - Assessing Argentina’s Stock of Human Capital (2003)

Mike Ceasar (2007): Argentina Tries to Lure Academics Back Home, Chronicle of Higher Education, 27 April 2007

48

Pre-university activities in IEEE

49

IEEE’s Pre-University Initiative 2005-2006 New Initiative

“Launching Our Children’s Path to Engineering”

Objectives

Increase the propensity of young people worldwide to select Engineering as a career path

Build a sustained public awareness program, led by IEEE,

with broad support of corporations and professional associations

50

Objective 1: Engineering in the pre-university classroom

Institutionalization of IEEE Teacher In Service Program

IEEE Section engineers develop and present technology-oriented projects to local pre-university educators

Emphasis on volunteer-teacher interaction as opposed to volunteer-student interaction

Ideally: a sustained program involving several thousand schools every year

51

Objective 2: Engineering Associations, Unite!

Center for Pre-University Engineering Education

Ideally, the resource of choice for pre-university cooperation with Engineering Associations

Ideally, a multi-association organization With partners such as ASCE, ASME, IEE, SEE

It is about ENGINEERING, not Electrical Engineering

52

Objective 3: Strong On-line presence

New on-line portals for students, teachers, school counselors, and parents

Educational and entertaining Focused on the audience

From lesson plans for teachers to games for children

Ideally, the premier on-line resource on engineering for pre-university students

53

On Line Portal

Tryengineering.org

“Strong On-line presence”

54

The Web provides us with high potential for reachability

A successful portal can become a major resource for students, parents, school counselors, and teachers

But success is difficult in an ever-crowded medium

Effort needs to be coupled with more modern tools

Instant messaging, podcasts

55

What information is needed on line?

We met with school counselors and Engineering Associations

Need on line tools for identifying formal and informal engineering education opportunities

Engineering associations that participated in our discussions

ACM, AIChE, AIAA, ASME, ASCE, IEE, JETS, SAE, SEE, Sloane Career Cornerstone Center

56

What information is available on line?

We conducted a comprehensive review of engineering education resources

By EAB and consultants

Conclusions: Many “Engineering Resources” are actually

focusing on Science and Mathematics Resources for teachers are largely inadequate Wrong message is sent about the nature of

engineering and the life of engineers

57

From Collegeboard.com: Law

It helps to be… Are you ready to…

fascinated by the relationship between law and society

engage in intense discussion of thorny legal problems ?

58

From Collegeboard.com: Broadcast Journalism


sharp of mind and quick of tongue

learn how to find and interview sources?

59

From Collegeboard.com: Civil Engineering


A problem-solver who’s creative, curious, logical, and a fan of math.

Spend hours and hours working on problem sets and design projects?

60





61





62

From Collegeboard.com: Mechanical Engineering


A fan of science and math, a creative problem solver, and someone who likes to take things apart to find out how they work.

Rely on your math skills? Master difficult scientific concepts? Take on a heavy course load? Spend five years as an undergrad…

63

From Collegeboard.com: Electrical Engineering


A fan of science and math who’s curious about the way things work

Spend hours building detailed, complicated systems

Try, try, and try again when at first a project doesn’t succeed

65

Good existing model

Tryscience.org “Your gateway to experience the excitement of

contemporary science and technology through on and offline interactivity with science and technology centers worldwide.”

Science is exciting, and it's for everyone!

Partnership between IBM the New York Hall of Science the Association of Science-Technology Centers Science centers worldwide

66

Next step – tryengineering.org Companion site to tryscience.org

Comprehensive

Ultimate Audience: young people ages 9-18

Designed to convey excitement about engineering and design

Can-do attitude Hands-on experience Positive image of the engineering process and engineering

“Discover the creative engineer in you”

67

www.TryEngineering.org

IEEE’s pre-university education portal For students, parents, teachers and school counselors

A joint project of IEEE, IBM, and the New York Hall of Science

Non-IEEE investment of approximately $1.5M

US/Canada version was launched on June 2006

Seven versions in other languages have since been launched

Chinese, Japanese, Spanish, German, French, Portuguese, and Russian

68

Tryengineering.orgA portal for students, parents, school counselors and teachers

University searchBy location, program, environment

Day in the life of an engineer

Hands-on and virtual projects

Class plans for teaching engineering design

Ask an engineer Ask a student

Games Summer camps, internship opportunities

69

Countries of Users: English Version

US (70%) India (5%) China (3.3%) Canada United Kingdom Austria Australia

Malaysia Germany Japan Thailand South Africa Korea Brazil

70

Most Requested Files: Lesson Plans

Build a robot arm

Cracking the Code (bar codes)

Critical Load (Civil Engineering)

71

Languages

中文 Chinese

Deutsch German

Español Spanish

Français French

邦人 Japanese

Português Portuguese

русский Russian

72

TryEngineering Key StatisticsAs of 5 June 2008

2.5 MILLION HITS IN 2007 … 1.8 MILLION HITS IN JAN-MAY ‘08

Average # of visitors per month: 38,927 highest number of total unique visitors: 67,006 in

May 08 Average # of page hits per month: 200,686 average number of university searches per

month: 7,552 Questions submitted to Ask an Expert: 3342

73

TryEngineering.orgPage Hits per Month

020406080

100120140160180200220240260280300320340360380400420440460480

Th

ou

san

ds

Total 136137 264711 266111 199699 197394 240097 243480 322972 367673 290510 322687 401367 454912

Avg 103738 116121 126835 131692 135799 141934 147575 156807 167350 173215 180009 189633 200686

MAY-07 JUN-07 JUL-07 AUG-07 SEP-07 OCT-07 NOV-07 DEC-07 JAN-08 FEB-08 MAR-08 APR-08 MAY-08

74

TryEngineering.orgVisitors per Month

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

Th

ou

san

ds

Total 40768 54489 59402 47146 43230 49046 47603 47701 55804 49435 60617 63461 67006

Avg 24109 26446 28800 30023 30849 31919 32790 33575 34687 35389 36536 37706 38927

MAY-07 JUN-07 JUL-07 AUG-07 SEP-07 OCT-07 NOV-07 Dec-07 JAN-08 FEB-08 MAR-08 APR-08 MAY-08

75

TryEngineering.orgUniversity Searches per Month

0123456789

1011121314151617181920212223

Th

ou

sa

nd

s

Series2 6668 5490 5587 5952 6568 8342 10007 8997 10130 9694 15262 18481 21642

Series1 4592 4661 4727 4809 4919 5120 5391 5581 5809 5994 6415 6940 7552

MAY-07 JUN-07 JUL-07 AUG-07 SEP-07 OCT-07 NOV-07 DEC-07 JAN-08 FEB-08 MAR-08 APR-08 MAY-08

76

TryEngineering.orgNon-English sites Monthly Averages

Language Page Hits* Visitors*

Spanish 25890 4553

Russian 22188 2930

Japanese 21040 2666

German 20848 2593

French 20379 2746

Chinese 14611 2643

*Monthly average for period 1 June – 31 March 08

79

The Teacher in Service Program

“Engineering in the classroom”

80

The Teacher In Service Program (TISP)

A program that trains IEEE volunteers to work with pre-university teachers

Based on approved Lesson Plans Prepared by IEEE volunteers Tested in classrooms Associated with Education Standards Designed to highlight engineering design

principles The cost is less than $100 for a class of 30

81

Inception

February 2001

IEEE Florida West Coast Section

In conjunction with the University of South Florida College of Engineering

82

How does it work?

Volunteers of an IEEE Section organize a TISP training event

EAB provides logistical support and instructors

Volunteers gather for a day and a half of training

With teachers and school administrators Volunteers spread the program in their school

districts

84

2006-2007

Boston

Indianapolis

Kuala Lumpur

Cape Town

Lima, Peru

Rio de Janeiro

Baltimore

Dallas

85

2008

Los Angeles

San Francisco

Cordoba (Argentina)

Port of Spain

86

Teacher In-Service ProgramPresentations

To date, over 80 TISP presentations have been conducted by IEEE volunteers

TISP presentations have reached over 1813 pre-university educators

This reach represents more than 197,000 students

87

"This presentation has increased my level of technological literacy"

43.4%

48.1%

5.2%

1.1%

2.2%

Strongly Agree Agree

Disagree Strongly Disagree

No Response

TISP presentations by volunteersSurvey Results

1124 teachers/respondents

88

"I will use the concepts presented in my classroom instruction"

47.9%

44.9%

3.6%

0.8%

2.8%

Strongly Agree

Agree

Disagree

Strongly Disagree

No Response

TISP presentations by volunteersSurvey Results

1124 teachers/respondents

89

Teacher In-Service ProgramWorskhop Participants by Section by Year

R2, 45R3, 65

R4, 60 R5, 70

R6, 41

R8, 94

R9, 205

R10, 84

R1, 55

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

2005 2006 2007 2008

To

tal

# o

f P

art

icp

an

ts R9 Student Branch - 105

Rio deJaneiro Section - 100

90

Basics

IEEE Section engineers develop and present technology-oriented projects to local pre-university educators

Lesson plans in English and Spanish for teachers and engineers

Lesson plans matched to educational standards

91

Basics (2)

The program is focused at the primary (6-14) and secondary (15-18) school systems

92

Activity Sample

http://www.ieee.org/web/education/preuniversity/tispt/lessons.html

http://www.ieee.org/web/education/preuniversity/tispt/slessons.html

93

Rotational Equilibrium: A Question of Balance

Demonstrate the concept of rotational equilibrium, by building and testing a Mobile

94

Build working models with household items

95

Design and Build a Better Candy Bag

Lesson Focus

Demonstrate how product design differences can affect the success of a final product

in this case a bag for holding candy.

Students work in pairs to evaluate, design, and build a better candy bag

96

What do we want to achieve in Argentina ?

Create a sustainable pre-university engineering education program

TISP program Participation in TryEngineering.org

Reach 150 pre-university teachers in one year All over the country 300 teachers in the next two years

Make TryEngineering a popular resource among teachers and students in the pre-university and university communities in Argentina

97

Questions and comments

the teacher in-service program in south america

Documents