the subjunctive. what is the subjunctive? it is uncertain ??? - it’s used to express uncertainty...
DESCRIPTION
Indicative vs. Subjunctive The indicative expresses a plain statement of fact. The subjunctive is used after verbs and expressions that involve uncertainty. Haces ejercicio. Es necesario que hagas ejercicio. You exercise. It’s necessary that you exercise.TRANSCRIPT
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THE SUBJUNCTIVE
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What is the subjunctive?
It is uncertain
???
- It’s used to express uncertainty No creo que sepas. (I don’t think you know.)
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Indicative vs. Subjunctive
The indicative expresses a plain statement of fact.
The subjunctive is used after verbs and
expressions that involve uncertainty.
Haces ejercicio.Es necesario que
hagas ejercicio.You exercise. It’s necessary that you
exercise.
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Indicative vs. Subjunctive
In the previous example:
Es necesario que hagas ejercicio.
Someone needs to exercise, but will they?
Because we don’t know, (it is uncertain) we use the subjunctive.
So, how do we form the subjunctive?
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Forming the subjunctive
Remember how to make usted commands?
Take the yo form correr Yo corroChange ending:Ar: eEr/ir: a
corro corra
What does this have to do with the subjunctive?
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Forming the subjunctive
The subjunctive is formed the same way:
Take the yo form correr Yo corroChange ending:Ar: e +Er/ir: a +
corro corra
?Indicative subjunctive
Why is there a + after e or a?
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Forming the subjunctive
+ = more letters.
Yo coma
Are these letters in red the same as those in our conjugation chart?
watch
Tú comas
Ella coma
Nosotros comamos
Vosotros comáis
Ellos coman
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Forming the subjunctive
Yes they are. Remember:
1-Begin w/yo form2-switch ending: ar-> e+
er/ir->a+
3- add letters from chart (if necessary)
Need something simpler?
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Forming the subjunctive
If the rules I mentioned before are too confusing, you can try memorizing the endings (like we did with the present tense)
-ar -> e+Yo Cante Nosotros cantemosTú cantes Vosotros cantáisElla cante Ellos canten
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Forming the subjunctive
–er and –ir verbs share the same endings
-er -> a+Yo comaTú comasElla comaNosotros comamosVosotros comáisEllos coman
-ir -> a+Yo vivaTú vivasElla vivaNosotros vivamosVosotros viváisEllos vivan