the struggle for democracy in latin america. what difference does democracy make? free and fair...
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![Page 1: The Struggle for Democracy in Latin America. WHAT DIFFERENCE DOES DEMOCRACY MAKE? Free and fair elections Civil liberties Non-violent change of governments](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649f515503460f94c752cc/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The Struggle for Democracy in Latin America
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WHAT DIFFERENCE DOES DEMOCRACY MAKE?
Free and fair electionsCivil liberties Non-violent change of governments International relations (Do democracies
go to war with each other?)
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Dimensions of Democracy Electoral – open,
competitive elections on a more or less level playing field
Civic – ensemble of rights, entitlements and policies that encourage citizens to speak, assemble and organize freely
Social – availability of jobs, housing, education, health services that relate to policies that reduce inequalities in distribution of income
Mexico Campaign Rally: Felipe Calderon - 2006
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Global Waves of Democracy: First Wave
Began with the American revolution
Advanced slowly throughout the nineteenth century
Peaked in aftermath of World War I
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First Reverse Wave of Authoritarianism: 1923 - 1944 Great Depression stimulates Fascism
I talyGermany Japan
Victorious “Democratic” Powers
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Global Waves of Democracy: Second Wave
Began in 1944; lasted into the middle 1960’s
More widespread than “First Wave” Swept over most of Latin America Second reverse wave of authoritariansim
(1963-83)New professionalism Bureaucratic authoritarian regimes
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Global Wave of Democracy: The Third Wave (1985 –
present?) Defeat in war over
Malvinas: leads to the overthrow of Argentina’s military government (1982)
Brazilian military: withdraws from running the country (1985-89)
Central American Wars: wind down and authoritarian governments gives way to representative democratic regimes as Soviet Union implodes
Argentine Prisoners of War
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Cases that Raise Questions about the future of Democracy
CubaFidel Castro argues
that communism is superior to representative democracy
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More Cases that Raise Questions about the future of
Democracy
Haiti: continues in a political “Twilight Zone”
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More Cases that Raise Questions about the future of
Democracy
Nicaragua: Electoral Caudillismo
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More Cases that Raise Questions about the future of
Democracy Evo Morales: Bolivia
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Explaining the Waves of Democracy
Single Cause ? Economic PoliticalMilitary
Marches for Morales – multiple causes
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Explaining the Waves of Democracy
Parallel Development?
Snowballing?
Prevailing Nostrum
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Explaining the Third Wave: Economic Considerations
Second oil crisis Economic growth and the gapExhaustion of Import Substitution
Industrialization
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Explaining the Third Wave: Political Dimensions
Fall of remnants of colonial empires?
Middle sectors felt threatened by policies of dictatorships?
New policies of external actors ?
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Has the Third Wave of Democracy Run Its Course
?
Does direct democracy lead to Electoral Authoritarianism?