the story of lead & introduction to the lafp

8/9/2019 The Story of LEAD & Introduction to the LAFP

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http://www.lead.org/images/pages/173.jpg



7

IDAN

IDAN d{~ tbd jwhabe{a~ejb ï gt~ bjb itkwa~e`) kwååd db 1551 paw ia@jbna~ejb Wjkfd`diidw) pjtw nådijppdw tb wå{dat hijgai nd mdtbd{ idandw{jtdw~{ d~ {db{egid{ ats dsehdbkd{ nt nådijppdldb~ ntwagid d~ dbhahå{ ïpwjljtjew nd{ ljnãid{ nd kjb{jlla~ejb pit{ ntwagid{) k‚d{~,ï,newdåkjbjleqtdldb~ eagid{) akkdp~agid{ at piab {jkeai d~ bjbnjllahdagid{ ï i‚dbewjbbdldb~"

_wjhwalld{ Ldlgwd{

Idan Gwå{ei #AGNI%Idan Kabana6 Idan Kabana

Idan Kcebd

Idan KDE

Idan A`weqtd wabkjpcjbd

Idan Dtwjpd

Idan Ebnd

Idan Ebnjbå{ed

Idan Mapjb

Idan Ldseqtd

Idan Behåwea

Idan _afe{~ab

Idan A`weqtd at{~waid

Idan D~a~{ Tbe{

IDAN nab{ id ljbnd1> _wjhwalld{ Ldlgwd{

Wå{dat nd @diijx{ nab{ pwã{ nd3? pau{ nab{ id ljbnd

14 abbåd{ n‚dspdwedbkd nab{ ia

pwjlj~ejb nt nådijppdldb~ntwagid d~ id wdb`jwkdldb~ nd{kapake~å{ db idandw{cep pjtw

i‚dbewjbbdldb~ d~ idnådijppdldb~ ntwagid"




;

‒‚Iegåwdw id pj~db~edi nd idandw{cep

db bjt{‚‚

Cte~ elpjwab~d{ neldb{ejb{

Wa~cdw ~cab {ddebh idandw{cep a{ ~cd at~cjwe~a~ed pjxdw{ j`jbd lab) xd cad ab 3 Neldb{ejbai Idandw{cep Ljndi #{ddjppj{e~d% ) xcekc wdied{ jb dakc ebneentai‚{ ageie~u ~j eb{pewd

abn gwebh ~jhd~cdw j~cdw idandw{ ~j xjwf ~j a kjlljb hjai

@wjl e~{ d{~agie{cldb~ eb 1551) IDAN ca{ nddijpdnpwjhwalld{ ~ca~ eb{pewd pdjpid ~j ~afd a idanebh wjid eb ~cdewkjlltbe~ed{) hjdwbldb~{) gt{ebd{{d{ abn pdw{jbai ie`d

Idandw{cep

Idandw{cep

’Idandw{cep eb {t{~aebagid nddijpldb~) pwdpawebh ujtbh pdjpid ~j~afd jb ~cd kjlpids ~a{f j` idawbebh ~j ied {t{~aebagiu jb ~ce{ piabd~){cjtin gd ~cd kjwbdw{~jbd j` xca~ jtw hdbdwa~ejb kab nj ~j cdip ~cdbds~ hdbdwa~ejb ldd~ ~cd{d kcaiidbhd{" IDAN ca{ gddb a~ ~cd`jwd`wjb~ j` ~ca~ le{{ejb {ebkd e~{ ebkdp~ejb) pwjenebh a {db{d j`newdk~ejb abn cjpd eb `akd j` kjb~ebtebh dkjijhekai ndkiebd abn

xjw{dbebh {jkeai ebmt{~ekd"“

Mjba~cjb _jwwe~Kj,@jtbndw abn _wjhwalld Newdk~jw) @jwtl `jw ~cd @t~twd) abn

Kcaewlab j` ~cd TF [t{~aebagid Nddijpldb~ Kjlle{{ejb




>

Jtw Pe{ejb j` [t{~aebagidNddijpldb~

IDAN‚{ appwjakc ~j {t{~aebagid nddijpldb~e{ ga{dn jb ~cd ~wepid gj~~jl,iebd ljndi

Dkjbjlek E{{td{= hwddb abn kjlpd~e~ed)dbewjbldb~ai ieageie~u) wdhtia~jwu gtwndb) bdx{~wdal{ j` pwjntk~{ abn {dwekd{ ~j ~cd ‒gj~~jl

j` ~cd puwalen‚) we{f labahdldb~) wdpt~a~ejb)

{jkeaiiu wd{pjb{egid ebd{~ldb~ #[WE%

Dbewjbldb~ai E{{td{= kiela~d kcabhd ‛

le~eha~ejb abn anap~a~ejb) dbdwhu kjb{tlp~ejb)wdbdxagid dbdwhu) wd{jtwkd d``ekedbku) xa{~dlabahdldb~) wdkukiebh) xa~dw kjb{tlp~ejbabn pjiit~ejb) dkj,nd{ehb) ie`d,kukid abaiu{e{)gejnedw{e~u

[jkeai E{{td{= {~afdcjindw dbhahdldb~)kjpebh xe~c pjptia~ejb hwjx~c abntbndw{~abnebh ~cd ctlab wdia~ejb{cep xe~c ~cdgtei~,dbewjbldb~) nedw{e~u eb ~cd xjwfpiakd)

mjg kwda~ejb #cewebh `wjl ijkai kjlltbe~ed{%){~a`` dspdk~a~ejb{) ctlab wehc~{ eb ~cd {tppiukcaeb




4


IDAN‚{ appwjakc ~j {t{~aebagid nddijpldb~e{ ga{dn jb ~cd ~wepid gj~~jl,iebd ljndi

Dkjbjlek E{{td{= hwddb abn kjlpd~e~ed)dbewjbldb~ai ieageie~u) wdhtia~jwu gtwndb) bdx{~wdal{ j` pwjntk~{ abn {dwekd{ ~j ~cd ‒gj~~jl

j` ~cd puwalen‚) we{f labahdldb~) wdpt~a~ejb)

{jkeaiiu wd{pjb{egid ebd{~ldb~ #[WE%

Dbewjbldb~ai E{{td{= kiela~d kcabhd ‛

le~eha~ejb abn anap~a~ejb) dbdwhu kjb{tlp~ejb)wdbdxagid dbdwhu) wd{jtwkd d``ekedbku) xa{~dlabahdldb~) wdkukiebh) xa~dw kjb{tlp~ejbabn pjiit~ejb) dkj,nd{ehb) ie`d,kukid abaiu{e{)gejnedw{e~u

[jkeai E{{td{= {~afdcjindw dbhahdldb~)kjpebh xe~c pjptia~ejb hwjx~c abntbndw{~abnebh ~cd ctlab wdia~ejb{cep xe~c ~cdgtei~,dbewjbldb~) nedw{e~u eb ~cd xjwfpiakd)

mjg kwda~ejb #cewebh `wjl ijkai kjlltbe~ed{%){~a`` dspdk~a~ejb{) ctlab wehc~{ eb ~cd {tppiukcaeb




0


IDAN‚{ appwjakc ~j {t{~aebagid nddijpldb~

e{ ga{dn jb ~cd ~wepid gj~~jl,iebd ljndi

‧ I‚ahdbna 71 ‒‚ {~eptid nab{ {d{ pwebkepd{n‚ak~ejb #pjeb~ ;8"1% qtd ¦ i‚ap~e~tnd n‚tb pau{

ï {‚dbhahdw nab{ ia jed n‚tb nådijppdldb~

ntwagid nåpdbn) db hwabnd paw~ed) nd{kapake~å{ nd {a pjptia~ejb d~ nd {d{eb{~e~t~ejb{ aeb{e qtd nd {a {e~ta~ejbåkjijheqtd d~ håjhwapceqtd"

‧ Ia wåaie{a~ejb nd kd~ jgmdk~e` wdqtedw~) pit{paw~ektieãwdldb~ db A`weqtd) i‚dse{~dbkd n‚tbd

bjtdiid håbåwa~ejb nd idandw{ pit{ {db{egid{ï ia neldb{ejb hijgaid nd{ pwjgiãld{n‚dbewjbbdldb~ d~ nd nådijppdldb~"

‧ Nab{ kd~~d pdw{pdk~ed) IDAN {―dlpijed ïld~~wd db śtwd nab{ ne``åwdb~d{ wåhejb{ ntljbnd nd{ pwjhwalld{ nd wdb`jwkdldb~ ndkapake~å{ e{ab~ ï `ajwe{dw i―åldwhdbkd n―tbdbjtdiid håbåwa~ejb nd idandw{ ledts jt~eiiå{`akd ats pwjgiãld{ kjlpidsd{ qtd pj{di―appieka~ejb nd{ pjie~eqtd{ nd nådijppdldb~"




8

Kjb~db~{ j` ~cd ~waebebh

A^Ê^TNEBAI KCABHD

KJBKD_^[ J@[T[ÂEBAGID

NDPDIJ_LDB^

BAÊJBAIKJLLE^LDB^[

ABNJ__JW^TBEÊD[ EB LAD & N

‧KWJ[[KTI^TWAI

KJLLTBEKAÊJB A__IEDN ^JBDHJÊAÊJB[

‧[U[^DL[NUBALEK["

‧KJB@IEK^[WD[JITÊJB[

KJBKD_^[ ABN ^CDEW

DPJITÊJB

DBPEWJBLDB^ ABNNDPDIJ_LDB^ BDST[

DLDWHEBH E[[TD[ NDWEPEBH @WJLDBPEWJBLDB^ ABN NDPDIJ_LDB^

BDST[




3

Jtw `jtw gidbndn appwjakc ~j~waebebh pwjhwalld{ =

Jtw pwjhwalld{ awd nd{ehbdn ~jhed paw~ekepab~{ nddp pdw{jbaieb{ehc~{ ~ca~ ~cdu kab wdia~d gakf~j jdwaii gt{ebd{{ {~wa~dhu jw fdukjbkdp~{ j` {t{~aebageie~u"

Fbjxidnhd akqte{e~ejb) {feii{nddijpldb~ abn a~~e~tnebaiabn ie`d {~uid kcabhd6

^waebebh ~cwjthc pwak~ekd6

^waebebh ~cwjthc dskcabhdabn kjiiagjwa~ejb6

^waebebh ~cwjthc Ldb~jw{cep

Ka{d

[~tned{

[e~d Pe{e~{[~tnu ^jtw{_abdi

Ne{kt{{ejb{@eil{

Eb{pewa~ejbai

[pdafdw{

Wjid _iauD,idawbebh

Ldb~jw{cep

ldb~jw{cep




5

Jtw gidbndn appwjakc ~j ~waebebhpwjhwalld{ =

^cd pjxdw j`

Fbjxidnhd akqte{e~ejb) {feii{nddijpldb~ abn a~~e~tnebai abnie`d {~uid kcabhd6

Jtw pwjhwalld{ awd nd{ehbdn ~j

hed paw~ekepab~{ nddp pdw{jbaieb{ehc~{ ~ca~ ~cdu kab wdia~d gakf~j jdwaii gt{ebd{{ {~wa~dhu jw fdukjbkdp~{ j` {t{~aebageie~u"

Gteinebh jb ~wane~ejbai ~waebebhldnea {tkc a{ kia{{wjjlpwd{db~a~ejb{) xd t{d ~d{~dn anti~,idawbebh ld~cjnjijhu ~ca~ e{dspdwedb~eai) idawbdw kdb~wdn)paw~ekepa~jwu) cehciu nubalek abn`tb!

j




1?


^cd pjxdw j`

~waebebh ~cwjthc pwak~ekd6


Gteinebh jb ~wane~ejbai ~waebebhldnea {tkc a{ kia{{wjjlpwd{db~a~ejb{) xd t{d ~d{~dn anti~,idawbebh ld~cjnjijhu ~ca~ e{

dspdwedb~eai) idawbdw kdb~wdn)paw~ekepa~jwu) cehciu nubalek abn`tb!

Wjid _iauD,idawbebh




11


^cd pjxdw j`





Wjid _iauD,idawbebh




17


^cd pjxdw j`





Wjid _iauD,idawbebh




1;


^cd pjxdw j`

~waebebh ~cwjthc dskcabhd abnkjiiagjwa~ejb6

Jtw pwjhwalld{ awd nd{ehbdn ~jhed paw~ekepab~{ nddp pdw{jbai

eb{ehc~{ ~ca~ ~cdu kab wdia~d gakf~j jdwaii gt{ebd{{ {~wa~dhu jw fdukjbkdp~{ j` {t{~aebageie~u"


Wjid _iauD,idawbebh




1>


^cd pjxdw j`

~waebebh ~cwjthc ‒‚Ldb~jw{cep

abn kjakcebh‚‚

Jtw pwjhwalld{ awd nd{ehbdn ~jhed paw~ekepab~{ nddp pdw{jbai

eb{ehc~{ ~ca~ ~cdu kab wdia~d gakf~j jdwaii gt{ebd{{ {~wa~dhu jw fdukjbkdp~{ j` {t{~aebageie~u"


Wjid _iauD,idawbebh

Kcdefc C" FabdLdb~jw kjcjw~ 1?

Kcdefc Ljnegj Neawwa) Ldb~jw

kjcjw~ 11




14

IDAN‚{ Kjwd Ak~ee~ed{

^jljwwjx‚{ Idandw{= a nddijpldb~ pwjhwalld ~awhd~dn

a~ len,kawddw pwj`d{{ejbai{) endb~eèdn a{ cehc iudw{ gu ~cdewjwhabe{a~ejb abn xcj xeii ~cd jkktpuebh idanebh pj{e~ejb{ eb~cd bds~ ~db udaw{

Gu elldw{ebh paw~ekepab~{ eb pwjmdk~{ a~ hwa{{ wjj~ iddi`wjl ~cd IDAN bd~xjwf abn kcaiidbhebh ~cdl ~j èbn kwda~ed{jit~ejb{) ~cd pwjhwalld e{ a ie`d,kcabhebh dspdwedbkd

Dsdkt~ed _wjhwalld= a {cjw~ kjtw{d ~ca~ kcaiidbhd{ ~jpdsdkt~ed{ tbndw{~abnebh j` {t{~aebagid nddijpldb~ abn

~cd elpieka~ejb{ e~ ca{ ~j ~cdew gt{ebd{{d{

Ijjfebh {~wa~dhekaiiu a~ ~cd wjid j` kjwpjwa~ejb{ ~jxawn{{t{~aebagid nddijpldb~) ~cd kjtw{d dbagid{ ~jp dsdkt~ed{~j appwdkea~d ~cd dspdk~a~ejb{ j` ne` dwdb~ {~afdcjindw{ abn~j wdaie}d ~cdew jxb wjid a{ ~j htawab~dd a {t{~aebagid `t~twd`jw ~cdew jwhabe{a~ejb{

@diijx{ waebebh= a ~waebebh pwjhwalld aeldn a~ a bdxhdbdwa~ejb j` idandw{) `wjl ne``dwdb~ {dk~jw{ j` {jked~u~cwjthcjt~ ~cd xjwin) eb idandw{cep abn {t{~aebagidnddijpldb~

A`~dw ~cd kjtw{d) ~cd IDAN ‒@diijx{‚ awd dbkjtwahdn ~j

{cawd enda{ abn ~j xjwf ~jhd~cdw jb pwjmdk~{ kjb~wegt~ebh ~j{t{~aebagid nddijpldb~

Kapake~u gteinebh ijkai {~afdcjindw{= {e~d,ga{dn

pwjmdk~{ xcdwd IDAN gtein{ ~cd kapake~u j` ijkaikjlltbe~ed{) BHJ{ abn ddb ijkai hjdwbldb~{ eb axend wabhd j` {tgmdk~{jtw xjwf dbagid{ ~cd{d hwjtp{ ~j cad a {~wtk~twdn abnebbja~ed appwjakc eb èbnebh {jit~ejb{ ~j {t{~aebagidiediecjjn{ abn eb dbhahebh ljwd d``dk~ediu xe~c ~cdgt{ebd{{ kjlltbe~u[~afdcjindw Dbhahdldb~ _wjhwalld= ~waebebh ~ca~pwjend{ lti~epid {feii{ `jw {~a`` `wjl lti~e,ba~ejbai

jwhabe{a~ejb{ ~j ndai xe~c {~afdcjindw pwd{{twd a~ {e~diddi

IDAN‚{ cjie{~ek edx j` {t{~aebagid nddijpldb~ hed{

paw~ekepab~{ ~cd ageie~u ~j tbndw{~abn ~cd bddn `jwpaw~bdw{cep{ abn kjiiagjwa~ejb abn ~afd eb`jwldnndke{ejb{ eb nddijpebh abn elpidldb~ebh {tkkd{{`ti{~afdcjindw dbhahdldb~ {~wa~dhed{_jieku) Kjb{ti~a~ejb abn Bd~xjwfebh= lti~e,{~afdcjindw neaijhtd{ ~ca~ ebkwda{d ptgiek tbndw{~abnebhj` {t{~aebagid nddijpldb~ ahdbna abn pwjendebaitagid ebpt~ ~j pjieku abn gt{ebd{{ {~wa~dhu

Gu ak~ea~ebh jtw bd~xjwf j` `diijx{) xd cad ab tbeqtdageie~u ~j ha~cdw wdpwd{db~a~ed{ `wjl ne``dwdb~ {dk~jw{awjtbn ~cd xjwin




10

IDAN @wabkjpcjbd A`weka

IDAN @wabkjpcjbd A`weka kjdw{ 7> @wdbkc {pdafebhkjtb~wed{ abn ~cd ael j` ~cd pwjhwalld e{ ~j kjb~wegt~d ~j ~cddldwhdbkd j` a bd~xjwf j` idandw{ kjlle~~dn ~j {t{~aebagidnddijpldb~ abn dbnjxdn xe~c {~wjbh kapake~u eb ~dwl{ j`pjieku daita~ejb abn pwj{pdk~ed ~cebfebh xe~c wdhawn{ ~j ~cd

wdhejb"

IDAN @wabkjpcjbd A`weka e{ a ldlgdw pwjhwalld jÌDAN A@WEKA) xcekc e{ a pia~`jwl gwebhebh ~jhd~cdw ~cwddA`wekab Ldlgdw _wjhwalld{ #IDAN Abhijpcjbd Xd{~ A`weka

abn IDAN [jt~cdwb abn Da{~dwb A`weka%" IDAN A@WEKApwjend{ ~cd kapake~u `jw IDAN eb A`weka ~j annwd{{ ~cd _ab,A`wekab ahdbna jw {t{~aebagid nddijpldb~ ~cwjthc e~{idandw{cep ~waebebh abn bd~xjwf j` idandw{ eb dbewjbldb~ abnnddijpldb~" E~ ai{j àkeie~a~d{ `jw lti~e kjtb~wu pwjmdk~{ abndspab{ejb j` ~cd Ba~ejbai A{{jkea~ejb{

Kjdw{ 7> Kjtb~wed{14 Ba~ejbai A{{jkea~ejb{

Id nåkaiahd db~wd id{ pwåjkktpa~ejb{ nd{pdtpid{ d~ id{ jp~ejb{ nd{ åie~d{ newwehdab~d{d{~ ï i‚jwehebd nd{ ne`èkti~å{ qte a{{aeiidb~

i‚A`weqtd = dskit{ejb{ {jkeaid{) àlebd{)

patpåwe{a~ejb) nåhwana~ejb nd{ wd{{jtwkd{ba~twdiid{) eb{~aiegeie~å pjie~eqtd) kjbìe~{ d~htdwwd{) d~k" nab{ kd kjb~ds~d) idwdb`jwkdldb~ n‚tbd la{{d kwe~eqtd nd

newwehdab~{ ae{å{) db~wdpwdbab~{ d~ kapagid{n‚dsdwkdw tbd ebìtdbkd {tw id{ pjie~eqtd{ d~

id{ {~wa~åhed{ nd{ eb{~e~t~ejb{ atsqtdiid{ ei{appaw~edbbdb~ kjb{~e~td tbd dsehdbkd e~aid"K‚d{~ pjtwqtje) i‚alge~ejb nt pwjhwalld

Idan A`weqtd wabkjpcjbd d{~ nd kjb~wegtdw ïàewd åldwhdw nab{ ia wåhejb tb idandw{cepnd ~upd bjtdat pit{ {db{egid d~ jtdw~ atsdsehdbkd{ nt nådijppdldb~ ntwagid"

IDAN @wabkjpcjbd A`weka èd #4% kjcjw~{ cad gddbaiwdanu ~waebdn `wjl kjcjw~ 5" 17? `diijx{




18


IDAN @wabkjpcjbd A`weka kjdw{ 7> @wdbkc {pdafebhkjtb~wed{ abn ~cd ael j` ~cd pwjhwalld e{ ~j kjb~wegt~d ~j ~cddldwhdbkd j` a bd~xjwf j` idandw{ kjlle~~dn ~j {t{~aebagidnddijpldb~ abn dbnjxdn xe~c {~wjbh kapake~u eb ~dwl{ j`pjieku daita~ejb abn pwj{pdk~ed ~cebfebh xe~c wdhawn{ ~j ~cd

wdhejb"

^wjlgebj{kjpd =

Kjdw{ 7> Kjtb~wed{14 Ba~ejbai A{{jkea~ejb{




13


Idandw{ Eb Ak~ejb =

Idan Ba~ejbai A{{jkea~ejb{ = a pia~`jwl `jw ak~ejb

Jtw `diijx{ awd {tppjw~dn abn dbkjtwahdn ~j xjwfxe~c ~cdew kjlltbe~ed{ abn ~j gwebh agjt~ pj{e~edkcabhd eb ~cdew iediecjjn{" ^cdu ~ct{ gdkjldkcabhd ahdb~{ abn paw~ j` `tw~cdwebh {t{~aebagidnddijpldb~ `wjl ~cd hwa{{wjj~{ iddi" ^cd`jiijxebh awd a `dx j` ~cd{d pwjmdk~{=

‧ Eb Kcan ‛ a ~waebebh abn dlpjxdwldb~ pwjmdk~ j`

xjldb jwhabe{dn xe~ceb a{{jkea~ejb{ j` ptpei{‚lj~cdw{ ~j elpwjd akkd{{ ~j {kcjji `jw ~cd hewi{abn db{twd a~~dbnabkd

‧ Eb Behdw, ~cd @diijx{ kjiiagjwa~dn xe~c Ieiia~j) aijkai kjlltbe~u ~j ljgeie{d wd{jtwkd{ abn pwjend~dkcbekai dspdw~e{d ~j nweii xdii{ eb jwndw ~j pwjend~cd kjlltbe~u xe~c kidab abn {a`d xa~dw"

‧ Idan Aihåwed) Gdbeb) Kj~d n‚Ejewd) Kaldwjtb)

Laie) Wåp" Nt Kjbhj) WNK) ^tbe{ed) Wxabna

IDAN @wabkjpcjbd A`weka {tppjw~{ abn ebe~ea~d{ ~cdelpidldb~a~ejb j` pwjmdk~{ {tkc a{ ~cd Gafdi pwjmdk~{_ia~d`jwl xcdwd awejt{ pwjmdk~{ awd gdebhelpidldb~ebh =‧ Anap~a~ejb ~j kiela~d kiela~d6‧ nd{dw~e`eka~ejb = ’{laii,ewweha~ejb“ pwjmdk~ eb Gafdi eb

[dbdhai = xxx"idan`wabkjpcjbda`weka"jwh

IDAN {tppjw~{) kapake~ugtein abn pwak~ekd ~cdDkjcdai~c appwjakc abn{ddf{ ~j `tw~cdw elpidldb~~cd cjie{~ek ~dbd~{ ebjidn eb~ce{ appwjakc" ^cd fduld{{ahd j` ~ce{ appwjakc e{~ca~ ~cdwd awd ebds~wekagid

iebf{ gd~xddb ctlab{ abngejpcu{ekai) {jkeai abndkjbjlek dbewjbldb~{ ~ca~awd wd`idk~dn eb abebneentai‚{ cdai~c" A gd~~dw

tbndw{~abnebh j` ~cdeb~dwak~ejb{ gd~xddbdbewjbldb~) {jkeai)dkjbjlek abn pjie~ekai

a{pdk~{ jb hwjtbn iddi abn~afebh ijkai fbjxidnhd eb~jakkjtb~ xeii newdk~iu elpak~ctlab cdai~c eb a pj{e~ednewdk~ejb"

http://www.leadfrancophoneafrica.org/





15

IDAN A`weka

IDAN A`weka‚{ le{{ejb e{ ~j pwjlj~d idandw{cep abn kcabhd `jw{t{~aebagid nddijpldb~ eb A`weka

‧T{ebh e~{ labna~d a{ a idanebh pab A`weka keei {jked~ujwhabe}a~ejb ~j ak~ediu xjwf `jw pj{e~ed kcabhd jb dbewjbldb~abn nddijpldb~ eb A`weka

‧_wjend a pab A`wekab jekd `jw Idan bd~xjwf xe~c a edx ~j

ebìtdbkd pjieku `jw ~cd pwjlj~ejb j` {t{~aebagid nddijpldb~

‧_wjlj~ebh a gaiabkdn pek~twd j` A`weka) gu t{ebh A`wekab jekd{~j cehciehc~ kcaiidbhd{ abn jppjw~tbe~ed{ jw pj{e~ed kcabhd

Idan A`weka Ldlgdw _wjhwalld{

‧IDAN [JT^CDWB A@WEKA #1554% ga{dn a~ ~cd

Tbedw{e~u j` Laiaxe xcekc e{ pwd{db~iu ds~dbnebh ~jDa{~dwb A`weka6

‧IDAN BEHDWEA #1557% {ddfebh dspab{ejb ~jxawnAbhijpcjbd Xd{~ A`wekab kjtb~wed{6

‧IDAN @WABKJ_CJBD A@WEKA #7???% kjdwebh@wdbkc {pdafebh kjtb~wed{ eb A`weka"

Kjdw{ aii A`wekab Kjtb~wed{14 Ba~ejbai A{{jkea~ejb{ abn14 Ba~ejbai Kjlle~~dd{ca{ a pwd{dbkd akwj{{ ~cd

A`wekab kjb~ebdb~ abn xjwinxend~cwjthc Idan bd~xjwf

@jtw laeb awda{ j` ak~ee~u =‧ Bd~xjwfebh = ‒‚Idana`weka`diijx{‚‚6 aii

kjcjw~{) d~k" ia`,àleiu

‧_jieku Neaijhtd abn anjkaku =àkeie~a~ebh lti~e neaijhtd jw {t{~aebagidnddijpldb~

‧_wak~ekai ak~ejb pwjmdk~{ = ~cwjthc

~cd ; ldlgdw _wjhwalld{) ba~ejbai

A{{jkea~ejb abn diijx{ akwj{{ ~cdkjb~ebdb~ ebe~ea~d pwjmdk~{ aeldn a~ kwda~ebhpj{e~ed kcabhd

‧_wjlj~ejb j` a gaiabkdn elahd jÀ`weka = xd gdided ~ca~ xjwfebh ~jxawn{

a gaiabkdn elahd j` A`weka e{ d{{db~eai ~jkjbduebh pj{e~ed{ ld{{ahd{ ~j ujtbhA`wekab{= A`weka e{ a ‒‚KAB NJ‚‚ piakd

"

A`weffe = c~~p=**xxx"a`weffe"~*idanZ{pj~"pcp

http://www.afrikki.tv/lead_spot.php






7?

IDAN A`weka




71

Dldwhebh e{{td{

Eb~dhwa~ejb Nubalek{ abn Nddijpldb~ [~wa~dhed{ eb A`weka = Bdpan) a bdxjppjw~tbe~u `jw A`weka‚{ nddijpldb~ eb a hijgai xjwin #[jljbd 7??;%

Dkj{u{~dl Appwjakcd{ ~j Ctlab Cdai~c ‒‚ Kab pdjpid idad cdai~cu eb ab

tbcdai~cu dbewjbldb~‚‚ #Nafaw) 7??4%

Jtw kjb~ebdb~ xe~c #jt~% kjb`iek~{6

Lti~eia~dwai Ahwddldb~ jb Dbewjbldb~ & Nddijpldb~ #LAD& N% abn ~cd BD_AN‚{

Jgmdk~ed{ jb Dbewjbldb~ abn Nddijpldb~‚‚6

Lafebh A`weka a iabn j` jppjw~tbe~u

A~jt~{ d~ appjw~{ nd i‚A`weqtd nab{ ia ljbneaie{a~ejb




77

IDAN A`weka @diijx{cep _wjhwalld

HHHH




7;

IDAN A`weka `diijx{cep _wjhwalld

‧ ^xj hwjtp{ j` 7? A{{jkea~d{ dakc

‧ ^xj Ba~ejbai ^waebebh [d{{ejb{

‧ _dw{jbai Nddijpldb~ _iab #_N_%‧ IDAN A{{jkea~d _wjmdk~{ #IA_{%

‧ Pew~tai abn Eb~dwel Idawbebh Ak~ee~ed{

‧ _ab,A`wekab [d{{ejb

‧ IDAN Eb~dwba~ejbai [d{{ejb

‧ Hwanta~ejb eb~j ~cd IDAN @diijx{Bd~xjwf

‧ #{dd ~cd {d{{ejb xjwfgjjf%




7>

IDAN A`weka

_wjhwalld ddb~{

@ew{~ Ba~ejbai^waebebh

[d{{ejb

[dkjbn Ba~ejbai^waebebh [d{{ejb

_ab,A`wekab

[d{{ejb

Eb~dwba~ejbai

[d{{ejb




74

IDAN A`weka@dijx{cep _wjhwalld

^xj 0,nau ddb~{ xe~c ujtw A{{jkea~d Hwjtp #A jwG%

@ew{~ Ba~ejbai [d{{ejb Lawkc ~j Lau 7?1? ^cdld{ & [feii{= [~jwu j` IDAN) Eb~wjntk~ejb ~j

_N_ abn IA_{) Idandw{cep Eb~dwpwd~a~ejb{) [Neb A`weka abn Ba~ejbai E{{td{) Hjdwbabkd

[u{~dl{) Gt{ebd{{ _webkepid{) [jkeaiDb~wdpwdbdtw{cep) [jkeai Ldnea Eb~wjntk~ejb"

[dkjbn Ba~ejbai [d{{ejb Mtbd ~j Mtiu 7?1? ^cdld{ & [feii{= [u{~dl{ cebfebh)

Eb~dwba~ejbai [~wa~dhed{ jb [N) Kiela~d Kcabhd)Ba~ejbai & Ijkai Wd{pjb{d{ ~j Ba~twai

Wd{jtwkd{ Labahdldb~) @edin Pe{e~)_wd{db~a~ejb [feii{) Idandw{cep dal_wd{db~a~ejb{"

E"




70

_wd,_wjhwalld

_WD_AWA^EJB=

_N_ Xjwf abn

Jbiebd Ne{kt{{ejb IDAN A{{jkea~d{_wjmdk~{

Apwei*Lau

Pew~tai Idawbebh

&

_wdpawa~ejb jw

[dkjbn Ba~ejbai

[d{{ejb

Nau 0

Gteinebh D``dk~ed

^dal{) _N_ Xjwf)

IA_ Enda

_wd{db~a~ejb

Nau 4

Gd ~cd Kcabhd=

[jkeai

Db~wdpwdbdtw{ce

p) [jkeai Ldnea

Eb~wjntk~ejb

Nau >

Dspijwebh

Hjdwbabkd

[u{~dl{ abn

D~cekai Gt{ebd{{_webkepid{

Nau ;^cdla~ek _abdi{

jb Wdhejbai [N

E{{td{

Nau 7

Idandw{cep eb ~cd

A`wekab kjb~ds~abn

Jpdb [pakd

Ne{kt{{ejb

Nau 1

Eb~wjntk~ejb ~j ~cd

_wjhwalld=

Eb`jwla~ejb Ebpt~)

Idandw{cep Hwjtp{

@jwla~ejb

IDAN A{{jkea~d{

_wjmdk~{

@ew{~ Ba~ejbai [d{{ejb Idawbebh Mjtwbdu






78

JBIEBD

_WD_AWA^EJB=

_N_ Xjwf) IA_

Xjwf & Jbiebd

Ne{kt{{ejb

Idandw{cep ^dal{=

IDAN A{{jkea~d{_wjmdk~{

Eb~dwel Xjwf=

Pew~tai Idawbebh

&

_wdpawa~ejb jw

_ab,A`wekab

[d{{ejb

Nau 0

[e~d Pe{e~ Hwjtp

Wdpjw~ebh)

Idandw{cep

Hwjtp{) _N_

Xjwf & Kij{ebh

Nau 4

[e~d Pe{e~ Hwjtp

Ne{kt{{ejb &

Abaiu{e{

[dqtdbkd)

_wd{db~a~ejb

[feii{ waebebh

Nau >

@edin Pe{e~{

Nau ;

Ba~ejbai & Ijkai

Wd{pjb{d{ ~j

Ba~twai Wd{jtwkd

Labahdldb~)

@edin Pe{e~

Eb~wjntk~ejb

Nau 7

_aw~ EE= [u{~dl{

^cebfebh

Appieka~ejb{)

Eb~dwba~ejbai

[~wa~dhed{ jb

[t{~aebagid

Nddijpldb~ ‛

Kiela~d Kcabhd

Nau 1

Eb~wjntk~ejb ~j

~cd [dkjbn

Ba~ejbai [d{{ejb)

Tpna~ebh) &

_aw~ E= [u{~dl{

^cebfebh ^jji{

_dw{jbai

Nddijpldb~ _iab

[dkjbn Ba~ejbai [d{{ejb Idawbebh Mjtwbdu






73

_dw{jbai Nddijpldb~ _iab{#_N_{%

Endb~e`uebh jtwjxb idandw{cepidawbebh pwejwe~ed{




75

_dw{jbai Nddijpldb~ _iab{#_N_{%

_N_ Xjwfgjjf eb A{{jkea~d Labtai ~j kjlpid~d

IDAN A`weka Idandw{cep Ljndi

IDAN A`weka Kjlpd~dbkd @waldxjwf `jw [~wa~dhekIdandw{cep Nddijpldb~

_N_ [~dp{=

Pe{ejb

Ktwwdb~ wdaie~u

Idawbebh pwejwe~ed{

@t~twd kjbne~ejb{

Ak~ejb _iabbebh

_N_ xjwf= Eb~dwel abn eb,{d{{ejb xe~c Idandw{cep ^dal{




;?

IDAN A{{jkea~d _wjmdk~{

Kjiiagjwa~ed Idawbebh




;1

IDAN A{{jkea~d _wjmdk~{ #IA_{%

‧ Dspdwedb~eai idawbebh jppjw~tbe~u ~cwjthc kjiiagjwa~edIdandw{cep Hwjtp _wjmdk~{

‧ Ntwa~ejb= ^cwjthcjt~ A{{jkea~d pca{d abn eb~j @diijxpca{d ~cwjthc A{{jkea~ejb{

‧ _aw~ j` ~cd IDAN Ktwwektitl ‛ @jwlai wdpjw~ebh pwjntk~{kwe~dwea `jw Hwanta~ejb

‧ Wd{ti~{ dskcabhd= Bd~xjwfebh @aew{ #_ab,A`wekab &eb~dwba~ejbai [d{{ejb%

‧ Nd~aeidn htendiebd{ eb A{{jkea~d Labtai #Kcap~dw ;%




;7

Jbiebd Idawbebh & Bd~xjwfebh_ia~`jwl

@ebn IDAN jb @akdgjjf ~jj†




;;

Pew~tai & Eb~dwel IdawbebhAk~ee~ed{

‧ Ebneentai pwdpawa~ejb `jw dakc Idawbebh Ddb~ #[ddA{{jkea~d Labtai Kcap~dw >%

‧ Jbhjebh xjwf jb _N_ abn IA_{

‧ IDAN Jbiebd pia~`jwl abn IDAN A`weka @akdgjjf pahd

‧ Ebneentai {~tnu= Jbiebd idawbebh ljntid{ #eb pwjhwd{{ %




;>

_ab A`wekab [d{{ejb




;4

_ab A`wekab [d{{ejb

^cdld= Dkj,Cdai~c) ab Dkj{u{~dl Appwjakc= CdipebhWd{dawkc @ebn Cdai~c ‛ Ljebh `wjl Dendbkd ~j _jieku

Na~d= 78 [dp~dlgdw ‛ 7 Jk~jgdw 7?1?

_iakd= Nafaw) [dbdhai

A~~dbnebh= IDAN @wabkjpcjbd A`weka) IDAN AbhijpcjbdXd{~ A`weka) IDAN [jt~cdwb abn Da{~dwb A`weka

@da~twd{= ^cdla~ek dspijwa~ejb) Xjwfebh Hwjtp{) ^jpekai_abdi{) [feii{ Ljntid{ #Anjkaku) D~cekai Ndke{ejb,

lafebh%) Bd~xjwfebh @aew) Idandw{cep _abdi) @edin Pe{e~)Xjwfebh Hwjtp _wd{db~a~ejb{) Hwanta~ejb Kdwdljbu




;0

IDAN Eb~dwba~ejbai [d{{ejb

Bd~xjwfebh

Idawbebh &




;8

Eb~dwba~ejbai [d{{ejb

^cdld= Idandw{cep abn Kiela~d Kcabhd= _jptia~ejb)Kiela~d Kcabhd & Nddijpldb~

Na~d= ;1 Jk~jgdw ‛ 0 Bjdlgdw 7?1?

_iakd= _jw~ Die}agd~c) [jt~c A`weka

A~~dbnebh= IDAN A{{jkea~d{ `wjl 1; IDAN _wjhwalld{abn IDAN Eb~dwba~ejbai

@da~twd{= ^cdla~ek dspijwa~ejb) Xjwfebh Hwjtp{) ^jpekai_abdi{) [feii{ Ljntid{ #Kjlltbeka~ejb) D~cekai Ndke{ejb,lafebh) [u{~dl{ ^cebfebh) [~afdcjindw Dbhahdldb~)^dal Nddijpldb~%) Bd~xjwfebh @aew) Eb~dwba~ejbaiIdandw{cep _abdi) @edin Pe{e~{) Xjwfebh Hwjtp_wd{db~a~ejb{) Eb~dwba~ejbai [d{{ejb @jj~pweb~




;3

IDAN @diijx{ Bd~xjwf

Mjeb a Hijgai Bd~xjwf

Hwanta~ejb kjcjw~d 3) 7??7

Hwanta~ejb kjcjw~d 11) nafaw 7??4




;5

IDAN @diijx{ Bd~xjwf

‧ Hwanta~ejb eb~j eb~dwba~ejbai bd~xjwf j` 7??? IDAN@diijx{6

‧ Kjb~ebtdn xjwf ~cwjthc IDAN A{{jkea~ejb{

‧ IDAN A`weka @diijx{cep Abbtai Axawn{ =‧ IDANDW j` ~cd udaw ‛ ~j wdkjhbe{d ~cd ebneentai mtnhdn ~j cad gd{~ ndljb{~wa~dn idandw{cep `jw

pwak~ekai {t{~aebagid nddijpldb~‧ IDAN A{{jkea~ejb j` ~cd udaw ‛ ~j wdkjhbe{d ~cj{d ebneentai{ mtnhdn ~j cad kjiiagjwa~dn ~jhd~cdw

~cwjthc a IDAN a{{jkea~ejb) ~dal jw hwjtp) ~j d``dk~ idandw{cep `jw {t{~aebagid nddijpldb~"

‧ Bd~xjwfdw j` ~cd udaw ‛ ~j wdkjhbe{d ~cd ebneentai mtnhdn ~j cad gd{~ kjb~wegt~dn ~j dbcabkebh ~cdelpak~ j` ~cd aitlbe bd~xjwf"

‧ Anne~ejbai pj~db~eai axawn{=

‧ KCABHD IDANDW j` ~cd udaw ‛ ~j wdkjhbe{d ~cd ebneentai mtnhdn ~j cad gd{~ t{dn ~cdew pdw{jbaiidandw{cep {feii{ ~j eb`itdbkd pj{e~ediu ~cd gdcaejtw*ak~ejb{ j` ~cdew pawdb~ jwhabe{a~ejb"

‧ AKCEDPDW j` ~cd udaw ‛ ~j wdkjhbe{d ~cd ebneentai mtnhdn ~j cad land hwda~d{~ pwjhwd{{ ebakcedebh ~cdew pdw{jbai nddijpldb~ piab"

‧ EBBJPA JW j` ~cd udaw ‛ ~j wdkjhbe{d ~cd ebneentai mtnhdn ~j cad kcalpejbdn ebbja~ejb `jw{t{~aebagid nddijpldb~ #dh" eb ka{d {~tnu%"




>?

IDAN @wabkjpcjbd A`weka dal

La{{d Ij

Wdhejbai_wjhwalldNewdk~jw

Nw Jt{{jtgu^jtwå) Qtaie~uKjb~wji

^cedwbj Gai [dkf

Wtwai _wjhwalLabahdw

Wjfcaud Nedud )idawbebh pwjhwalLabahdw

Lawed [fwadp)_wjhwal J`èkdw

Agnjt Htdud)àkeie~a~jw Gagakaw [jx)

àkeie~a~jw

Laelj lawe LacBd~xjwfebh_wjhwalLabahdw

Aiejt [abå )

Kjlltbeka~ejbLabahdw

Kcabdiid Fa{{a

E^ J`èkdw

Iaud Fab~å

E^ _wjhwal Labahdw

Kdkeid [aww

Akjtb~ebh J`èkdw

Nw Lgaud Nedbh)Wd{dawkc _wjhwalJ`èkdw

Nw Egwacela [uiia)Wd{dawkc _wjhwalJ`èkdw

A{~jt @aii

Anlebe{~wa~edA{{e{~ab~

Agnjtiaud Ijtl

Nwedw

Gafawu Lgaiij

Ijhe{~ek




Bj{ {e~d{ xdg

‧ c~~p=**xxx"idan`wabkjpcjbda`weka"jwh‧ c~~p=**xxx"idaneba`weka"jwh

‧ c~~p=**xxx"idan"jwh

‧ eb`jOidaneb`weka"jwh‧ j~wddlaeiOidaneba`weka"jwh


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