the state of european cities in transition 2010

The State of European

Cities in Transition report

Expert Group Meeting

The State of European Cities in Transition 2010

25-26 January 2010, Krakow (Poland)

MEETING REPORT

Warsaw, February 2010

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CONTENTS

Page

Introduction

Background 3

Objectives of the EGM 3

Attendance 3

Opening Session 3

The State of Cities report: briefing and key facts/ lessons 4

I - Presentation by participating Institutions 4

II - Key Issues of Urban Development in the region – overview 5

III – Towards the preparation of the State of European Cities in Transition report – review and conclusions

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Contents of the report 10

Data 11

Implementation plan 11

Implementation and cooperation mechanisms 11

Closing remarks 12

ANNEXES

Annex 1. Programme of the EGM 13

Annex 2. List of participants 15

Annex 3. Presentation by participating Institutions (summary) 16

Annex 4. Revised annotated outline of the report 18

Annex 5. Indicative implementation plan 29

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INTRODUCTION

Background

UN-Habitat once every two years publishes a report on the state of the world’s cities. The State of the World’s Cities Report is based on a global consultative process to establish universal urban information standards and protocols in order to strengthen the ability of Governments, local authorities and key partners to gain access to and make use of information to monitor and assess urban conditions and trends and to formulate effective urban policies. Since a global report was deemed not to do justice to regional details, UN-Habitat has been further mandated to produce regional State of the Region’s Cities reports, one for Africa, Asia Pacific, Eastern Europe and one for Latin America. Urban inequality is the main theme of the 2010 mother publication and regional editions will follow that theme to the extent possible.

A first edition of the State of the European Cities in Transition report is scheduled for the 2010 series of the State of the Region’s Cities reports and will focus on describing and analyzing the situation of cities within the region and will be used as a region-wide information dissemination tool based on accurate and comparable data collected. The report will also aim to provoke dialogue and discussion on the role of cities of the region in improving national, regional and local economies through sustainable and equitable development.

The long-term development goal of this initiative is to help countries of the East and Central European region that have undergone rapid transformation over the past two decades, further achieve socially and environmentally sustainable cities through better information bases.

The drafting of the report is envisaged as a multiple partnership involving selected associations of local authorities, academic and research institutions, international organizations, European Governments and others.

Objectives of the Expert Group Meeting (EGM)

The main objective of the meeting was to launch the preparatory process of the State of European Cities in Transition 2010 report and agree with selected interested institutions on the annotated outline of the report.

The meeting was also intended to agree on the scope of the Report, the geographical coverage; identification of sub-regions; the time schedule for the drafting process, and some partnering modalities and networking mechanisms for the preparation of the Report.

The EGM was jointly organized and facilitated by the Warsaw Office of UN-Habitat and the Institute of Urban Development (Instytut Rozwoju Miast). The EGM was hosted by the Institute of Urban Development (IRM).

Attendance

Over 20 experts from eight countries of the East and Central Europe Region, representing academic and research institutions, international organizations and associations of local authorities, participated in the EGM.

Opening Session

Jerzy Adamski, Director of the Institute of Urban Development (IRM) and Krzysztof Mularczyk, Director of the UN-Habitat Warsaw Office, warmly welcomed all participants.

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Krzysztof Mularczyk briefly presented UN-Habitat’s global strategic plan for 2008-2013, various expertises of UN-Habitat, key global and regional initiatives, and on-going project work on urban planning and housing in South Eastern Europe. He also introduced the State of European Cities in Transition report as a regional lead publication focusing on the impacts of the transition processes on city development.

The State of Cities report: briefing and key facts/ lessons

Joseph Maseland, Global coordinator of the regional reports on the state of cities, UN-Habitat, further introduced the state of the region’s cities report series and its background.

The first edition of the State of the World’s Cities Report (SWCR) was released in 2001. The report was successful and accessible for a wide (and non-technical) audience. As a global scale could not genuinely reflect regional specificities, it was decided by the UN-Habitat Governing Council to also develop regional editions. The State of African Cities Report was published in 2008 and remains a reference work. Reports on Latin American cities and Asian cities are under preparation.

The reports primarily target central governments, local authorities and their partners. It helps explain often very complex urban, housing and governance issues in language easily understood by lay-persons. The reports are prepared on the basis of “By the Region, for the Region.”

The 2010 report for the East and Central Europe Region is the first in a series of biennial reports. It is therefore not expected to cover systematically and exhaustively all urban and housing-related issues in the region. It is not primarily targeting an academic public, but rather a wider audience. It is intended an analytical and advisory document and not a prescriptive one, although recommendation and key messages from the report are hopefully picked up by policy-makers across the region. It will include data that may allow a comparability ( while absence of data in itself should not be hidden but be utilized as a message to concerned Governments that without accurate and reliable data, decision-making is taking place in a knowledge vacuum.)

The main aim of the EGM was therefore to review the draft outline prepared by the Institute of Urban Development and to reach consensus as a region on the contents of the report and to set up a road map for the drafting of the report.

I –Presentations by participating Institutions

Participants representing research and academic organizations, international organizations and associations of local authorities had an opportunity to present their respective institution. A summary is presented in the table contained in Annex 3.

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II - Key Issues of Urban Development in the region – overview This session aimed at identifying current urban trends in Central, Eastern and South-Eastern Europe and related policies, challenges and emerging issues to be addressed in the first report. The highlights of the presentations are summarized below1:

Bulgarian Urban System

By Julia Spiridonova, National Center for Territorial Development

Main facts

Presentation of the administrative territorial division of Bulgaria, which relies on cities: one big urban center, the capital city, six large cities (over 100,000 inhabitants), 27 medium-size cities(between 100,000 and 30,000 inhabitants), 45 small towns (up to 30,000 inhabitants) and 176 villages (less than 10,000 inhabitants).

From WW II to the 1980s urban growth was rapid; from the 80’s, it decelerated. The urbanization rate is now 71.2 %.

The economic performance of the country mostly relies on cities and the level of productivity and the size of the city are strongly correlated.

Main challenges

Negative urban growth (2005-2008)

The distribution of large cities remains unbalanced at national level and led to disparities in the socio-economic development of regions (“centre-periphery” problem).

Lack of modernization and investment affect living standards in urban areas (inadequate infrastructure, energy-inefficient and deteriorating multi-family housing stock).

Main opportunity

Urban issues are now at the heart of national and EU-funded programmes which address the need for strategies for sustainable and integrated urban development.

Key Issues of Urban Development in Czech Republic

By Luděk Sýkora, Charles University in Prague

Luděk Sýkora made a critical reading of the draft outline of the state of CEE cities report, providing salient examples of urban issues in Czech Republic and the region and made suggestions to revise/ complement the outline.

Urban growth and decline – issues � Urban growth and decline – shrinking cities � Second demographic transition - ageing, single member households, etc. � International migration – illegal migrants, integration policies, foreigner enclaves in

cities � Poly-centricity in settlement systems � Access to urban centres (employment; urban services, etc.)

Economic and cultural centres � Regional/urban inequality (proposed ranking system of cities: capital cities and their

metropolitan areas; other major cities and their city regions; reindustrializing towns in

1 Full presentations are available on request.

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new economic zones; shrinking towns in declining areas; towns in peripheral territories)

� Transportation issues (incl. public transport and good practices ex. Integrated regional transit systems)

Social inequality and housing markets (with emphasis on social exclusion) Residential segregation: i.e. socially excluded localities (Roma ghettos) and socially

exclusionary areas (gated communities)

Environmental Improvements and Risks � Natural hazards and risks - disasters � Societal threats to long term sustainability (ex. urban sprawl)

Governance and Planning � Successes: capacity building at local and regional level; active NGO sector and

improving participatory urban governance practices � Problems: non-existing governance at urban region level; inter-regional and inter-

municipal competition; weak national strategies and policies of spatial development and urbanization

Challenges to and opportunities for sustainable development � National: inter-regional / inter-urban inequality (growth x shrinking cities); Right to city –

access to city jobs and services from periphery (poly-centricity as possibility of choice) � City region: sprawl, spatial mismatch; environmental injustice � Intra-city: uneven development, segregation (social inequality, socially excluded

localities, socially exclusionary places)

Key Issues of Urban Development in SEE, the work of NALAS

By Milena Garthley, NALAS -Network of Associations of Local Authorities in South-East Europe

Milena Garthley presented the main conclusions of two initiatives implemented under the NALAS Task Force on Urban Planning, respectively two pilot projects on integration of informal settlements and a Legal Comparative Analysis of Spatial and Urban Planning in South Eastern Europe (SEE).

Urban planning in SEE – current situation � On-going, gradual transfer of competencies to local authorities � Lack of participation of local government in central/ regional level planning � Lack of geographic information systems and ICT � High proportion of illegal buildings and informal settlements � Non-involvement of citizens in the urban decision-making processes � Frequent changes in legal framework which lead to uncertainty in planning

Prominent urban-related issues are as follows: � Insufficient legal framework, incl.: poor or incomplete planning framework; slow

planning processes; direct interference of central government into sovereign tasks of local self-government; unresolved land and property ownerships; insufficient harmonization of laws on urban, spatial and regional planning and other related legislation, etc.

� Poor implementation of the law, incl.: weak capacity of urban practitioners and lack of experience in integrated development planning; weak enforcement of existing laws; poor planning approaches and methodologies; and poor participation of affected parties in the planning processes, etc.

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Key Issues of Urban Development in Poland

By Grzegorz Węcławowicz, Polish Academy of Sciences

Historical background Understanding urban patterns requires looking at the historical roots. Central European cities experienced various evolutions, i.e. during the post-war reconstruction, the industrialization period, the egalitarian cities, the elite cities, etc. Industrialization at first and urbanization at a second stage. The socialist paradigm for cities was reflected in the spatial structure, organizing social life next to the working place and reducing interactions between communities. The concept of egalitarian cities evolved with the introduction of market forces and new types of cities were developed after the communist period. The reform of local self-government was crucial in this evolution which also resulted in an increased social and spatial differentiation and a change of perspective vis-à-vis urban space/urban identity. The access to the EU also impacted the development of cities, thus increasing the competition between urban areas and boosting the metropolization phenomenon. The urbanization process (as a modernization process) still needs to be completed. [to be noted, the quality of life index shows that the quality of life is better in large cities]

Main problems in Poland (in a context of declining population) � Housing shortage due to increasing number of single-person households and

inadequate social and communal infrastructure; � Gated communities, segregation and lack of appropriation of public spaces by some

segments of the population; � Fragmentation of governance ;

Consequences for housing estates relate to poor network service, mobility and access issues, management/ maintenance of the housing stock and environment protection.

Assessing housing needs in Central and Eastern Europe

By Katerina Bezgachina, Habitat for Humanity, Europe & Central Asia Area Office

Housing issues in the region � Quantity vs. Quality of housing stock (70 % of the housing stock built during the

communist era is of poor quality and now suffers dilapidation) � Lack of affordable housing (new construction mostly targets high-level market) �

as a response, support is being provided to condominiums for the purpose of improving the housing stock

� Affordability and access to finances in a context where the States have lowered their support (i.e. subsidies) to the housing sector

� Tenure rights (in post-conflict areas) � Fuel security and energy-efficiency vs. basic housing � Segregated/informal settlements, disaster mitigated constructions.

HfH recommendations � Enhanced cooperation between the State (subsidies/social rental units), the private

sector (developers) and the beneficiaries; � Increased access to finances and development of maintenance mechanisms through

training and capacity building.

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Key Issues of Urban Development in Romania

By Doina Bubulete, INCD URBAN PROJECT

Main facts There are 320 urban units; their spatial distribution contributes to a pattern of polycentric development. The urbanization process alternated growth and decline with important changes in the morphology of urban patterns in the 90’s. It was noted that some cities had inherited functional profiles not always in line with their initial vocation/ potentialities and resources for development; and as a result, many cities faced difficulties to adjust to the new social and economic context in the 90’s. The preparation process of the legal framework for the development of urban settlements and urban network started in 1996 only. It resulted in the National Territorial Plan (2001) which classifies urban settlements in accordance with their size and spatial role and influence. Ranking is also established based on some indicators such as the number of inhabitants, the proportion of paved roads, water supply, etc. From 1990 to 2007, the urban network continued expanding (plus 60 urban units).

Needs to be addressed to bridge the urban divide � Restructure the urban-related data made available in Romania � Improve the housing supply and standards and related basic urban services � Develop an investment strategy at national, regional and local levels and massively invest in urban infrastructure towards further local and regional competitiveness and social equality/inclusion.

Key Issues of Urban Development in Slovenia

By Mojca Šašek-Divjak, Urban Planning Institute of the Republic of Slovenia

Main facts The capital city, Ljubljana, has 270,000 inhabitants, the functional urban region has 500,000 inhabitants. In terms of settlement pattern, there are only three cities with more than 50,000 inhabitants and a majority of small settlements (about 6,000 inhabitants). There are three functional urban regions and also a number of gravitational centers (a matter worth considering for the state of cities report). The urban population figures are now stable (ex. Ljubljana) combined with enhanced daily migrations to suburban areas.

Main challenges � Demographic issues in the capital city: decreasing and aging population, and low

fertility � Inadequate housing market (size, quality, affordability, location) in urban areas which

can not presently accommodate the needs of youths; � Relocation of young households from the capital city to suburbans areas where land

and dwellings are made available at lower costs; � High cost of uncontrolled urban sprawl which also results in uneconomical land use,

expensive communal infrastructure and extensive use of private vehicle for daily migrations

The way forward � Housing supply in line with the needs of the youth � Improved public transport system

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System of Self-Local Government Analyses (SAS) as a source of information on the quality of municipal services and infrastructure in cities.

By Andrzej Porawski and Tomasz Potkański, Association of Polish Cities

Main facts The SAS is a database of performance indicators for municipal public services with the aim of assisting decision- and policy-making in Poland. The database is administered by the Association of Polish Cities and available on-line. Data relate to various fields such as roads, public transport, social welfare, culture, education, municipal economy, municipal housing, local government finance, quality of life, etc. The SAS will soon expand with a new set of data, incl. energy efficiency and cooperation between local authorities and NGOs. Data are collected from cities, public statistics or through specific surveys/ analyses. The SAS is a valuable instrument for benchmarking, comparing cities, monitoring trends and developments in some particular urban sectors, feeding the legislative debate and exchanging experiences. Such a database would certainly contribute enriching the state of cities report. It also clearly underscores the portion of investments in cities directly supported through decentralized budget - an important issue that may be considered in the state of cities report.

Main conclusions � Decreasing urban population and correlated phenomenon of urban sprawl; � The need to sustain the level of urban services – whilst high-tax payers migrated to

suburban areas - badly impacted local budgets; � High pressure on decentralized budget to support public expenditure/ investment while some transfers of competencies to local authorities were not accompanied by corresponding transfers of resources (ex. housing).

Key Issues of Urban Development in Hungary

By Géza Salamin, VÁTI Hungarian Public Nonprofit Company for Regional Development and Town Planning

Looking at the national urban policy framework (the policy itself does not really exist so far) Some legislative and orientation instruments provide guidance for spatial and urban planning, i.e. law on the built environment, guidelines for master plans, National Spatial Plan, Spatial Development Concept, etc. EU policies clearly constituted drivers for urban change. Integrated approaches to urban development were implemented. One hundred cities formulated integrated urban development strategies under the guidance of the central government. The ROP also provided some orientation and funding for the purpose of urban regeneration.

Main challenges for the Hungarian urban system � Mono-centric model and lack of regional centers � Suburbanization and related impacts on the environment and infrastructure needs � Problem of accessibility and correlated right to the city

Challenges of Hungarian cities � Aging urban populations � Access and transportation issues (increased car traffic and pollution) � Weak public coordination in terms of planning (weak local authorities and

preponderance of developers)

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� Increased segregation (mostly affecting the Roma community) � Quality and standards of the housing stock � Urban governance mechanisms need further improvements

Outlook � Development of a polycentric development concept � Hungarian EU Presidency (2011): research on cities and demographic challenges and handbook for cities to tackle climate change challenges

Creating creative capital in post socialist cities – main determinants

By Anna Karwińska, Cracow University of Economics

Modern cities need to be creative to face the challenges of the new economy, ensure their competitiveness at local, national and global levels and create adequate living environments and institutions conducive to the development of human capital. Modern cities need to be inclusive, diversified and further promote creativity as an engine for economic development

Different patterns lead to creativity and attractiveness. However, it remains essential for cities to offer a new image (to potential inhabitants, investors, tourist, etc.), foster the development of activities relating to culture, media, publishing, etc. and of a socially inclusive milieu.

Developing the creativity capital in cities is a long and complex process, building on various existing potentials; these can be multiform, i.e. talents, technology, tolerance and also include natural resources, urban governance mechanisms, active civil society, etc.

Specificities of post-socialist cities were also presented, both heritage and current changes being experienced, underlining incentives and constraints so as to build creative capital in Polish cities. Examples touching on various existing bases for creative capital in Krakow were further considered.

III – Towards the preparation of the State of European Cities in Transition report – review and conclusions

Jerzy Adamski, Director of the Institute of Urban Development (IRM) presented the draft outline of the report prepared by IRM under the guidance of UN-Habitat. He stated that the report was not an additional research project, but rather an analysis based on existing data, research and reports bringing these together in an overall picture of trends and conditions describing the state of cities (also combining examples) that should lead to policy recommendations and elevating urban issues on the national and regional agendas. The session aimed at agreeing on the main aims and objectives of the report, detailing its contents for stimulating domestic and regional cooperation and implementation arrangements. The main conclusions of this session are summarized below.

Contents of the report

Title of the report

Participants agreed on The State of European Cities in Transition 2010 as the main title and a subtitle is to be decided during the editorial board meeting.

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Regional coverage and regional subdivisions

It was agreed that the structure of the report would include sub-regional chapters, each covering the five key themes in order to further highlight sub-regional specificities/ commonalities. The agreed sub-regional divisions are as follows:

Western subregion: Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia

Eastern subregion: Belarus, Republic of Moldova, Ukraine

Southern subregion: Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Montenegro, Romania, Serbia

Table of contents of the report and titling of (sub)chapters

Participants extensively discussed the table of contents of the report, the titling of chapters and subchapters and collectively identified emerging issues to be reflected in the report. The revised draft outline is contained in annex 4.

Data The data from UNDESA (World Urbanization Prospects) will be made available in March 2010 and shall be complemented by data from other sources (to be identified at regional, national and local levels). Potential sources were acknowledged:

• data generated by the Urban Audit • www.citypopulation.de • www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc

Implementation plan The revised implementation plan is contained in annex 5. The identification of a key (high-level) regional event during which the report could be launched in early 2011 may require further thinking.

Implementation and cooperation mechanisms The following implementation scheme was discussed. UN-Habitat, through its regional Office in Warsaw, would be responsible for the overall management of the initiative whereas the Institute of Urban Development (IRM) would be responsible for the substantive coordination of the report in liaison with the sub-regional drafting teams. The drafting team should be comprised of interested institutions or individuals. Sub-regional coordinators would also need to be identified [first draft chapters will be prepared at sub-regional level - not at country level].

Proposals were also put forward to facilitate the communication between the drafting team: � Join the cooperation network Re-Co-net presently facilitated by the IRM as a

transnational, trans-regional network composed of institutes and organizations from Central Europe which are active in the field of cities and regions-related spatial, social and economic research.

� Create a special restricted access platform on the Internet to share data, interim draft chapters, etc.

� Take the opportunity of research seminars, etc. organized at national level to present draft chapters to further feed and stimulate preliminary reactions on the draft chapters

In terms of funding, it was said that the whole initiative may amount to USD 400,000 while UN-Habitat secured so far about USD 150,000 in seed funding.

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Additional resources (cash or in-kind) will need to be mobilized in the region through Governments and affiliated institutions. As a follow-up of the EGM, UN-Habitat will assist in approaching Governments and possible funding institutions within the region. Participants were also invited to explore cash or in-kind contribution potentials with their respective institutions or other possible partners.

The added value of the report for Governments is a clear information on the state of cities (vis-à-vis other cities, countries and the whole region) and a valuable instrument in the perspective of developing an ambitious regional development policy.

Closing remarks Both Jerzy Adamski, Director of the Institute of Urban Development (IRM) and Krzysztof Mularczyk, Director of the UN-Habitat Warsaw Office, thanked all participants for their contribution and support. It was confirmed that the revised draft outline and the meeting report would be shortly circulated.

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Annex 1. Programme of the EGM

25 January 2010 – first day of the meeting

Timetable Topic Speakers 10.30 – 11.00 Registration of participants

Coffee 11.00 – 11.15

Opening of the Expert Group Meeting

Krzysztof Mularczyk, Director of the UN-Habitat Warsaw Office Jerzy Adamski, Director of the IRM, Poland

11.15 – 11.30 The State of CEE Cities Report: Background and Purpose of the Workshop

Joseph Maseland UN-Habitat, Nairobi

11.30 – 12.15 Presentation of the Institutions

(Power Point with max 5 slides or 3 minutes for each speaker)

12.15 – 13.45 Bulgarian Urban System – short overview Julia Spiridonova National Center for Territorial Development Key Issues of Urban Development in Czech Republic Luděk Sýkora Charles University in Prague Key Issues of Urban Development in SEE, the work of NALAS Milena Garthley NALAS -Network of Associations of Local Authorities in South-East Europe Key Issues of Urban Development in Poland Grzegorz Węcławowicz Polish Academy of Sciences Assessing housing needs in Central and Eastern Europe Katerina Bezgachina Habitat for Humanity, Europe & Central Asia Area Office (15 minutes for each presentation)

13.45 - 14.00 Coffee break

14.00 – 15.30 Key Issues of Urban Development in Romania Doina Bubulete INCD URBANPROIECT Key Issues of Urban Development in Slovenia Mojca Šašek-Divjak Urban Planning Institute of the Republic of Slovenia Municipal Services- Quality of Life Andrzej Porawski &Tomasz Potkański Association of Polish Cities Key Issues of Urban Development in Hungary Géza Salamin VÁTI Hungarian Public Nonprofit Company for Regional Development and Town Planning The Role of Innovation – Creative Cities Anna Karwińska Cracow University of Economics (15 minutes for each presentation)

15.30 – 16.30 Lunch

16.30 – 16.50 Presentation of the Draft Annotated Outline of the State of Central and Eastern Europe Cities Report Jerzy Adamski, IRM

16.50 – 17.50 Discussion of the proposed outline of the report

17.50 - 18.00 End of the first day – conclusions

20.00 Dinner at the ”Cherubino” restaurant, ul. Św.Tomasza 5

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26 January 2010 – second day of the meeting

9.00 - 11.00 Discussion on the proposed outline of the report (continued), the conditions of participation of the potential partners in the elaboration of the report, the availability of data resources in partners institutions and countries

11.00 – 11.15 Coffee break

11.15 – 13.00 Discussion on the time schedule of the work and the budgetary issues of the elaboration of the report.

13.00 - 14.00 Lunch

14.00 – 16.00 Conclusions – concerning: - outline of the report

- participation of the partners

- form of a cooperation

- schedule of the work

- organizational and financial arrangement

End of the Expert Group Meeting

Annex 2. List of participants

Name Surname Function & Institution Country Email contact

1 Jerzy Adamski Director, Institute of Urban Development Poland [email protected]

2 Katerina Bezgachina PR & Media Manager, Habitat for Humanity Europe & Central Asia Area Office Slovakia

[email protected]

3 Doina Bubulete Scientific Director, INCD URBANPROIECT Romania [email protected]

4 Milena Garthley Program Officer, NALAS -Network of Associations of Local Authorities in South-East Europe Macedonia

[email protected]

5 Wiktor Głowacki Assistant, Institute of Urban Development Poland [email protected]

6 Katarzyna Gorczyca Assistant, Institute of Urban Development Poland [email protected]

7 Aleksandra Jadach-Sepioło

Dr, Warsaw School of Economics, Investment and real Estate Dept. Poland

[email protected]

8 Karol Janas Assistant, Institute of Urban Development Poland [email protected]

9 Anna Karwińska Prof. UEK dr hab., Cracow University of Economics Poland [email protected]

10 Joseph Maseland Global Coordinator of the regional reports, UN-Habitat Kenya [email protected]

11 Gwendoline Mennetrier Human Settlements Officer, UN-Habitat Warsaw Office Poland [email protected]

12 Krzysztof Mularczyk Director of the UN-Habitat Warsaw Office Poland [email protected]

13 Anna Nadolna URBACT Contact Point - Association of Polish Cities Poland [email protected]

14 Richárd Ongjerth Managing Director, Hungarian Society for Urban Planning Hungary [email protected]

15 Andrzej Porawski Director, Association of Polish Cities Poland [email protected]

16 Tomasz Potkański Deputy Director, Association of Polish Cities Poland [email protected]

17 Géza Salamin Head of Department, VÁTI Hungarian Public Nonprofit Company for Regional Development and Town Planning Hungary

[email protected]

18 Mojca Šašek - Divjak Ph.D., Urban Planning Institute of the Republic of Slovenia Slovenia [email protected]

19 Marta Skiba Dr inz. arch., University of Zielona Góra Poland [email protected]

20 Julia Spiridonova Associate Prof., National Centre for Territorial Development Bulgaria [email protected]

21 Luděk Sýkora Ph.D. Doc. RNDr., Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Science Czech Republic

[email protected]

22 Grzegorz Węcławowicz Prof. dr hab., Polish Academy of Sciences Poland [email protected]

23 Andrzej Zborowski Dr hab., Jagiellonian University Poland [email protected]

24 Zygmunt Ziobrowski Prof. IRM dr hab. arch. Deputy Director of Research, Institute of Urban Development Poland

[email protected]

Annex 3. Presentation by participating Institutions (summary) Institution Name Country/

region Type Areas of expertise/ fields of work

National Centre for Regional Development

Bulgaria

Public-private company

Support to planning/ programming spatial/ urban planning policies and strategies. Partner in international projects.

Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Science, Dept. of Social Geography and Regional Development, Centre for Urban and Regional Research

Czech Republic

Academic Institution

Teaching and research: regional development and regional policies, long-term development in land use and cover change in rural areas, comparative research of urban change in post-communist societies, housing policies, and international migration within enlarged Europe. Large basic research project “Geographic Systems and Risk Processes in the Context of Global Change and European Integration”

Habitat for Humanity, Europe and Central Asia Office

Europe

NGO Motto: everyone has a right to a decent and affordable shelter. Support to housing/ building activities in 20 countries in Europe and Central Asia, mainly through housing microfinance partnerships and small affordable loans.

Hungarian Association of Urban Planners

Hungary

Non-profit company

Acting as UN-Habitat Information Office in Hungary. Research and development of working methodologies and monitoring mechanism in urban planning for the GoH and local authorities. 500 members

VÁTI Hungarian Public Nonprofit Company for Regional Development and Town Planning

Hungary

Research Institute

Technical assistance for research and studies in the field of spatial planning and regional development. Partner in international activities/ networks (ex. ESPON, EUKN, etc.) Young members; innovative approach to urban planning/ regional development.

Institute of Urban Development (Instytut Rozwoju Miast)

Poland

Scientific and Research Institute

Research and practical application in spatial planning, land management, urban renewal, environment shaping and protection, municipal and housing economies, building and real-estate management, etc. Member of numerous European research/ academic/ international cooperation Networks/ Projects (ex. REPUS, Carpathian Project, etc.).

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Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization

Poland


Teaching and research: urban and population geography International cooperation Ongoing research on the mechanisms of transformation of cities and metropolitan areas in Poland and Central Europe.

Jagiellonian University Poland


Teaching and research: demographic forecasts, urban and social geography

Warsaw School of Economics (SGH), Dept. of Investment & Real Estate

Poland


Research activities: investment in real estate, property management, financial infrastructure for housing; and sustainable urban development, urban regeneration and the role of public-private partnership in both processes. Partner in international projects (ex. NODUS, etc.)

Cracow University of Economics

Poland


Teaching and research: economic geography; urban history; regional and local development; urban governance and local administration.

Association of Polish Cities

Poland

Association of local authorities

Goal: promote the exchange of experiences and practices on urban governance Largest research project: the Self-government Analysis System (SAS)

INCD URBANPROIECT Romania

Research Institute (GoR)

Focus on spatial and urban planning, incl. implementation of GIS Research activities and development of theoretical, legal and regulatory frameworks at regional, county and city levels. Partner in international projects (ex. Danube River Area Project).

Urban Planning Institute of the Republic of Slovenia

Slovenia

National Research Institute (GoS)

Studies/ methods in spatial and regional planning, urban planning and design, landscape planning and design, enviromental and cultural heritage protection, housing, etc. Execution of pilot projects for spatial/ urban development Training of planners Partner in international projects (ex. RESTATE, LIVINGALL, EPSON, etc.)

Network of Associations of Local Authorities in South-East Europe (NALAS)

South East Europe

Association of local authorities

15 members (representing about 4000 local authorities), all South East peninsula, except Greece. Four Task Forces: urban planning, fiscal decentralization, energy efficiency and waste management.

Annex 4. Revised draft outline

THE STATE OF EUROPEAN CITIES IN TRANSITION 2010 DRAFT ANNOTATED OUTLINE

Preliminaries

The preliminaries include: (i) the cover, (ii) inside cover, (iii) title page, (iv & v) forewords by the Directors of UN-Habitat and the partnering regional economic commission or other main partner, (vi) Table of Contents, (vii) Acknowledgements and (viii) Introduction. The Introduction explains the reasons for the report, the geographical coverage, rationale for sub-regional approach, target audience etc. It should cover no more than 11 pages, leaving space for page-size illustrations and key graphs and maps. This section will be prepared by UN-Habitat.

Additionally, there is need for an explanation of terms and acronyms (to be provided by region) not exceeding 1 page.

CH 1. The State of European Cities in Transition 2010 The first chapter is about 30 pages and starts with an executive summary including (a) a region-wide overview, region-wide key messages, and a summary of region-wide policy recommendations, followed by three subregion-specific summaries, subregion-specific policy recommendations and subregion-specific messages. It concludes the Executive Summary with a section on key emerging issues in the region.

1.1 Summary and Policy recommendations

Region-wide Summary and Policy recommendations (5 pages)

Western subregion Summary and Policy Recommendations (3 pages) (Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia)

Eastern subregion Summary and Policy Recommendations (3 pages) (Belarus, Republic of Moldova, Ukraine)

Southern subregion Summary and Policy Recommendations (3 pages) (Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Montenegro, Romania, Serbia)

Regional Emerging Issues (2 pages)

1.2 The Historic Urban Perspective (4 pages) This section focuses on urban issues during (a) the pre-1989 period, and (b) the post 1989-period (with a focus on declining/emerging industries, shrinking and growing cities, local government reforms, local revenue reforms, EU accession and the role of EU funds, historic urbanization trends, and the need for revitalization) with a concise description of the historical background of the region (historical development, changes in the Balkan countries, different patterns of urbanization and the drivers of urban change).

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1.3 The Region’s Largest Cities (3 pages) Main facts concerning the largest cities (in absolute terms) and capital cities in the region. Urban growth rates; explanation of the meaning of the term ‘urban’ in the region (in notes). The role of large cities, capitals and metropolitan areas in the national, regional and overall European context, both for EU and non-EU territories (source: ESPON results, “State of European Cities Report -2007). Region-wide map showing spatial distributions of urban settlements over 200,000 inhabitants.

1.4 Trends and Innovations (4 pages) Specify current and emerging trends and innovations in the region: demographic change, changing patterns of urbanization, emerging new urbanization configurations, urban sprawl, intra-city disparities, transportation problems, need for municipal services and infrastructure development, informal settlement formation and growing dilapidated urban areas incidence, energy efficiency, transnational urban systems of cooperation and development, the role of the trans-European transport network. Transnational urban systems. Examples illustrating some trends in sub-regions (maps, tables, figures).

1.5 Governance in Regional Urban Systems (4 pages) 1.5.1 Urban systemic categories by type of governance 1.5.2 Local-regional (sub-national)-national relations. 1.5.3 Deficiencies of urban finance, urban policies and urban planning 1.5.4 Urban vulnerability to systemic shocks Shocks resulting from rapid demographic shifts, economic transition. Cities at risk (climate change, flooding, seismic or industrial

Ch 2. The State of Western Sub-region’s Cities2

Brief introduction, listing of the countries grouped under “western sub-region” and reasons for including them in this group

2.1. Population and Urbanization (10 pages)

2.1.1 Urbanizations trends (2 pages) National urbanization rates and regional aggregate rates time series 1980-2030, decade intervals. Explanation of main factors of urbanization rates’ growth. Spatial development of cities. Changes in the dynamic of urbanization rates. Intra-sub-regional differentiation. Prospective trends.

2.1.2 Demographic change (3 pages) Short description of main or specific demographic trends in the region: history, current situation, population and age structure, economic and social context of urban demographic changes, aging cities, prospects.

2.1.3 Migration dynamics and impact on cities (2 pages) Scale, structure, reasons of internal and trans-national migration/immigration and impacts on urban development.

2 For the purposes of this report, the western sub-region comprises the following countries: Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Slovakia, and Slovenia.

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2.1.4 Cities size and population distribution within countries (2 pages) Facts and figures. City size structure and regional/ countries differentiation. Largest cities population and dynamic. Population trends in the largest cities

2.1.5 Spatial distribution of sub-region’s urban population (1 page-size map and perhaps no narrative required)

2.2. The Economic Roles of Cities (8 pages)

2.2.1 Cities in the world system (2 pages) Cities viewed in a global, regional national and local context. Looking at the various (economic) roles of cities in a decreasing scale context and the implications. Cities as transportation nodes in the global, European, regional transportation network. Sub-region’s transnational corridors.

2.2.2 Changes in the urban economy (2 pages) General trends and changes in the urban economy during the transformation period. The role of small and medium cities in the regional context. Declining/emerging industries. Increasing role of the services (tertiary) sector. GDP by sectors (country level). Intra-sub-regional differentiation and (using regional data to express the roles of cities).

2.2.3 Typology of Sub-region’s cities (3 pages)

Identification and short description of main types of cities in Sub-region using adopted typology: international hubs, specialised poles, regional poles (source:“State of European Cities Report -2007). Selected data for some types of cities.

2.2.4 Human capital, culture and innovation (1 page)

Increasing role of the innovation, education, R@D and IT. Cities as nodes of innovation network/ clusters. Culture as important factor of development. Summary. Facts and figures. Good examples. Countries innovation index (1 table)

2.3. Social and Housing Issues (9 pages)

2.3.1 Social inequality, exclusion and spatial segregation (1 page) Facts and figures. Trends on levels of poverty, exclusion, urban security and safety, intra-city inequalities. Scale, causes and structure. Interventions.

2.3.2 Housing conditions (2 pages) Quality of housing stock, shelter deprivations (water, sanitation, durable construction materials, crowding incidence [more than one household per unit], security of tenure), share of households experiencing one, two or multiple shelter deprivations. Ownership of dwellings.

2.3.3 Housing supply and affordability (2 pages) Tables with the data concerning density, standards of the dwellings, etc. Annual housing unit supply/1,000 households. Affordability, homelessness (and informal settlements). Scale of social housing. Comparison of the trends in the improvement of housing conditions in the sub-region’s countries.

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2.3.4 Housing management and housing finance (2 pages) Management and maintenance of municipal / social housing stock. Support for housing stock rehabilitation. General review of housing finance (state, regional, municipal expenditures for housing (maintenance of existing stock, new construction and housing allowances). Development of housing mortgage market.

2.3.5 Housing policy (2 pages) Identification of main type of approaches, elements and instruments of state, regional or municipal policies and programs supporting affordable housing (new construction or housing allowances) Housing and property rights. Examples of specific national programs.

2.4 Urban Environmental Challenges (9 pages)

Sections 2.4.1 – 2.4.4 should follow the structure:

Summary of trends, facts and figures focused on the aspects of accessibility to the services and reducing negative impacts on the environment. Good examples, new initiatives and new solutions. Tables with the trends of energy consumption, emission of the pollution, access to water, scale and percentage of the waste disposal, transport development. The scale of investments in new municipal infrastructures. The role of EU funding.

2.4.1 Water, Sanitation and Waste Management (3 pages) 2.4.2 Mobility and urban transport (2 pages) 2.4.3 Energy consumption and energy efficiency (2 pages) 2.4.4 Environmental protection as a Challenge (2 pages)

2.5. Urban Governance Systems (7 pages)

2.5.1 National Policies for Urban Issues (1 page) General description of the existing national policy or the element of the sectoral approaches focused on the urban/metropolitan? areas (legal, institutional, fiscal, financial aspects).

2.5.2 Decentralization and local government systems (1 page) Main elements and structure of local government system.

2.5.3 Management of urban issues at regional and local level (2 pages) Horizontal and vertical coordination, inter-municipal cooperation. Legal, institutional form, instruments supporting co-operation. Short and general description of the system of local government finance in the countries of sub-regions. Table with the information concerning local budget. Participatory municipal budgeting.

2.5.4 Initiatives for the improvement of municipal administration (1 page) Description of good examples. Integrated development. Leipzig Charter. The role of EU funds and programs. Public participation.

2.5.5 Towards collaborative Spatial Planning and Urban Development (1 page) General review of the spatial planning system in the countries of sub-region. Relation of the spatial planning with other sectoral plans (environmental,

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infrastructural, economic, social development). Public participation in the planning system.

2.5.6 Divided Cities and Cooperation (1 page)

Cities across the border.

2.6. Emerging Issues (7 pages) Sub-chapter focused on the presentation key emerging issues in future development of the sub-region’s urban system and description of main emerging development areas/ corridors with the planned/ proposed directions and forms of intervention.

2.6.1 Competition or Cooperation? (4 pages) Industries’ location, urban competition, getaway cities, urban specialization.

2.6.2 Access to the Core of the EU (1 page)

2.6.3 Cities and Climate Change (1 page)

2.6.4 Towards Multi-cultural Societies (1 page)

CH 3. The State of the Eastern Sub-region’s Cities3 Brief introduction, listing of the countries grouped under “eastern sub-region” and reasons for including them in this group








3.2.1 Cities in the world system (2 pages)

3 For the purposes of this report, the eastern sub-region comprises the following countries: Belarus, Republic of Moldova, Ukraine.

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Cities viewed in a global, regional national and local context. Looking at the various (economic) roles of cities in a decreasing scale context and the implications. Cities as transportation nodes in the global, European, regional transportation network. The role of transport in the urban economy. Sub-region’s transnational corridors.


3.2.3 Typology of Sub-region’s cities (3 pages)

Identification and short description of main types cities in Sub-region using adopted typology: international hubs, specialised poles, regional poles (source:“State of European Cities Report -2007). Selected data for some types of cities.

3.2.4 Human capital, culture and innovation (1 page)


3.3. Social and Housing Issues (9 pages)

3.3.1 Social inequality, exclusion and spatial segregation (1 page) Facts and figures. Trends on levels of poverty, exclusion, urban security and safety, intra-city inequalities. Scale, causes and structure. Interventions.



3.3.4 Housing management and housing finance (2 pages) Management and maintenance of municipal / social housing stock. Support for housing stock rehabilitation. General review of housing finance (state, regional, municipal expenditures for housing (maintenance of existing stock, new construction and housing allowances). Development of housing mortgage market.

3.3.5 Housing policy (2 pages) Identification of main type of approaches, elements and instruments of state, regional or municipal policies and programs supporting affordable housing (new

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construction or housing allowances) Housing and property rights. Examples of specific national programs.

3.4. Urban Environmental Challenges (9 pages)


Summary of trends, facts and figures focused on the aspects of accessibility to the services and reducing negative impacts on the environment. Good examples, new initiatives and new solutions. Tables with the trends of energy consumption, emission of the pollution, access to water, scale and percentage of the waste disposal, transport development. The scale of investments in new municipal infrastructures. The role of EU funding?





3.5.3 Management of urban issues at regional and local level (2 pages) Horizontal and vertical coordination, inter-municipal cooperation. Legal, institutional form, instruments supporting co-operation. Short and general description of the system of local government finance in the countries of sub-regions. Table with the information concerning local budget. Participatory municipal budgeting.


3.5.5 Towards collaborative Spatial Planning and Urban Development (1 page) General review of the spatial planning system in the countries of sub-region. Relation of the spatial planning with other sectoral plans (environmental, infrastructural, economic, social development). Public participation in the planning system.



3.6 Emerging Issues (7 pages) Sub-chapter focused on the presentation key emerging issues in future development of the sub-region’s urban system and description of main emerging development areas/ corridors with the planned/ proposed directions and forms of intervention.

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3.6.1 Competition or Cooperation? (4 pages) Industries’ location, urban competition, getaway cities, urban specialization.

3.6.2 Cities and Climate Change (1 page)

3.6.3 Towards Multi-cultural Societies (2 pages)

Ch 4. The State of Southern Sub-region’s Cities4

Brief introduction, listing of the countries grouped under “southern sub-region” and reasons for including them in this group








4.2.1 Cities in the world system (2 pages) Cities viewed in a global, regional national and local context. Looking at the various (economic) roles of cities in a decreasing scale context and the implications. Cities as transportation nodes in the global, European, regional transportation network. The role of transport in the urban economy. Sub-region’s transnational corridors.


4 For the purposes of this report, the southern sub-region comprises the following countries: Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Montenegro, Romania, Serbia.

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4.2.3. Typology of Sub-region’s cities (3 pages)

Identification and short description of main types cities in Sub-region using adopted typology: international hubs, specialised poles, regional poles (source:“State of European Cities Report -2007). Selected data for some types of cities.

4.2.4. Human capital, culture and innovation (1 page)


4.3 Social and Housing Issues (9 pages)

4.3.1. Social inequality, exclusion and spatial segregation (1 page) Facts and figures. Trends on levels of poverty, exclusion, urban security and safety, intra-city inequalities. Scale, causes and structure. Interventions.



4.3.4 Housing management and housing finance (2 pages) Management and maintenance of municipal / social housing stock. Support for housing stock rehabilitation,. General review of housing finance (state, regional, municipal expenditures for housing (maintenance of existing stock, new construction and housing allowances). Development of housing mortgage market.

4.3.5 Housing policy (2 pages) Identification of main type of approaches, elements and instruments of state, regional or municipal policies and programs supporting affordable housing (new construction or housing allowances) Housing and property rights. Examples of specific national programs.

4.4. Urban Environmental Challenges (9 pages)


Summary of trends, facts and figures focused on the aspects of accessibility to the services and reducing negative impacts on the environment. Good examples, new initiatives and new solutions. Tables with the trends of energy consumption, emission of the pollution, access to water, scale and percentage of the waste disposal, transport development. The scale of investments in new municipal infrastructures. The role of EU funding.

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4.5.3 Management of urban issues at regional and local level (2 pages) Horizontal and vertical coordination, inter-municipal cooperation. ( Legal, institutional form, instruments supporting co-operation. Short and general description of the system of local government finance in the countries of sub-regions. Table with the information concerning local budget. Participatory municipal budgeting.


4.5.5 Towards collaborative Spatial Planning and Urban Development (1 page) General review of the spatial planning system in the countries of sub-region. Relation of the spatial planning with other sectoral plans (environmental, infrastructural, economic, social development). Public participation in the planning system.



4.6. Emerging Issues (7 pages) Sub-chapter focused on the presentation key emerging issues in future development of the sub-region’s urban system and description of main emerging development areas/ corridors with the planned/ proposed directions and forms of intervention.

4.6.1 Competition or Cooperation? (4 pages) Industries’ location, urban competition, getaway cities, urban specialization. 4.6.2 Cities and Climate Change (1 page) 4.6.3 Post-conflict States (1 page) 4.6.4 Towards Multi-cultural Societies (1 page)

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STATISTICAL ANNEX

Table 1.a Total Population 1980-2030 National, regional and Sub-regional, decade intervals

Table 1.b Total Population 1980-2030 Growth Rates National, regional and Sub-regional, decade intervals

Table 2. City Population and Growth Rates 1980-2030 Decade intervals

Table 3.a Urban Population 1980-2030 Decade intervals

Table 3.b Urban Population Growth Rates 1980-2030 Decade intervals

Table 4.a Rural Population 1980-2030 National, regional and sub-regional, decade intervals

Table 4.b Rural Population Growth Rates 1980-2030 National, regional and sub-regional, decade intervals

Table 5. Population Age Structure >55 years, absolute and growth rates, 1980-2030

National, decade intervals

Table 6. Share of Population Non-native Born, %, 1980-2030

Table 7. Housing Conditions by Deprivation (%), 1980-2030 Using the five UN-HABITAT criteria of housing deprivation, the table shows share (%) of populations by deprivation, by double deprivation and multiple deprivations (or more), national data, decade intervals.

Table 8. Single-person households as % of total number of households, 1980-2030 National data, decade intervals

Table 9. Housing United Constructed/1,000 inhabitants, 1980-2030

Consider inclusion of CD with more date and city, national, sub-regional and regional level.

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Annex 5. Indicative implementation Plan

2010 2011 Month

Project schedule 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

Creation of an Editorial Board (done)

B B

Editorial board meeting: work plan & draft outline of the report (done)

U U

Identification of national experts and institutions

F F

Data collection and analysis, case studies, report-writing

F F

Editorial Board Meeting to review draft 1 (on-line, 2 weeks)

E E

Expert Group Meeting to validate draft 2

R R

Final revision T T

Editing I I

Artwork and printing M M

Cities Regional Forum E E

the state of european cities in transition 2010

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