Communications Laboratory 1

The Standards

Maze...

by Keith Malcolman update of earlier

work byMax Pearce

Communications Laboratory 2

Standard...

...something established by authority, custom or general consent as a model or example...

Source: Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary

Communications Laboratory 3

Standards...

....are known by different names including codes, specifications, Regulations and Recommendations.

....their purpose is to achieve the necessary or desired degree of uniformity in design, performance level, quality and safety to permit products and services to be beneficial for both providers and users.

Communications Laboratory 4

Scope of Standards...

Company Standards

National Standards

Regional Standards

World Standards

Communications Laboratory 5

The British Standard Whitworth thread...

The BSW thread is one of many standard threads used in industry

ISO-C, ISO-F, BSP-P, BSP-T, UNF, UNC, BSF, BA, NPS and NPT are all common alternative thread types

Metric nuts from Australia will fit metric bolts from Germany because they are manufactured to a common standard

Standards allow things to work together in harmony

Communications Laboratory 6

Minimum Requirements...

Standards are also used to set minimum levels of quality and performance and also to protect public safety

Some form of enforcement is necessary to ensure that minimum performance and quality standards are adopted by manufacturers and service providers...otherwise such standards are essentially useless

Communications Laboratory 7

The Standards Bodies... How many standards bodies

are there? How do they relate to one

another? How do they work?

Communications Laboratory 8

The International Bodies...

IEC(International Electrotechnical

Commission)

ISO(International Standards Organisation)

ITU(International Telecommunications

Union)

Communications Laboratory 9

The Regional Bodies...ANSI (American National Standards Institute)

AOW (Asia-Oceania Workshop on OSI)

CEN (Comite Europeen de Normalisation)

CENELEC (.... for Electrotechnology)

ETSI (European Telecommunications Standards Institute)

EWOS (European Workshop on Open Systems)

IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (USA))

OIW (OSI Implementers Group)

Communications Laboratory 10

The National Bodies...AFNOR (Association Francaise de Normalisation)

ANSI (American National Standards Institute)

BSI (British Standards Institute)

CSA (Canadian Standards Association)

DIN (Deutches Institut fur Normung)

FCC (Federal Communications Commission)

JSA (Japan Standards Association)

SAA (Standards Association of Australia)

SANZ (Standards Association of New Zealand)

TTC (Telecommunications Technology Committee)

and there are more...

Communications Laboratory 11

Australian Standards Bodies...

Standards Australia National Standards

Commission Australian Communications

Authority Australian Broadcasting

Authority

Communications Laboratory 12

Standards Australia... SA is the trading name of the

Standards Association of Australia. It is a not-for profit organisation founded in 1922.

Standards Australia is recognised as the peak standards body in Australia through a MoU with the Commonwealth Government

SA prepares and distributes standards but has no power to enforce standards

Communications Laboratory 13

Standards Australia is administered by a Council consisting of representatives from...

Federal and State Governments Universities Manufacturing and Commercial

associations Professional institutions Consumer, community interest

groups and trade unions

Communications Laboratory 14

Standards are Prepared...

By Committeesworking under direction ofPolicy Boardsand organised intoTechnical Groupsincluding electrical and radiocommunications (TE

and RC) information and communications (IT)

Communications Laboratory 15

Steps to a Standard.... Request for a new standard Preliminary draft Committee Draft Draft for Public Comment Consideration of Comment Draft for Postal Ballot (by

committee) Published Standard

Communications Laboratory 16

Standards Process... An open consensus process requests for new standards

normally come from industry body, government department, regulatory agency or individual company

Communications Laboratory 17

Australian Standards are...

based on practical industrial and scientific experience and not ideas which would be uneconomic or unattainable

constantly revised in line with the latest knowledge and to keep pace with new technologies

Communications Laboratory 18

Australian Standards... are voluntary, unless

given effect by being taken up into regulatory framework

Standards Australia prepares standards

Regulatory Authorities give power to standards

Communications Laboratory 19

Standards Hierarchy...Standards may emerge from the “top down” to

meet a regulatory need from the “bottom up” to

exploit a new development or gain a competitive advantage

Communications Laboratory 20

International Aspects... IEC and ISO ITU traditionally deal with

standards as a “top down” activity to meet regulatory needs

international standards “flow down” to the national level

Communications Laboratory 21

International Standards...

a consensus approach nominally open and

participative follow a long and formalised

process need to be given effect by

being taken up as national standards

Communications Laboratory 22

Regional Standards bodies...

more focussed with specific mandates

market oriented through close regional coordination

may support or subvert national and international standards activities

Communications Laboratory 23

Regional Standards Bodies

are seen as... being more responsive than

international bodies providing a broader sphere

of influence than national bodies

Communications Laboratory 24

Emergent Forums... industry specific groups

DAVIC - industry based MPEG - IEC/ISO Joint Group ATM forum

single task rapid development of

standards industry led

market forces dominate

Communications Laboratory 25

Standards Forums... tend to be “bottom up”

sources often based on exploitation

of proprietary information can assist the standards

process by reconciling competing

claims consolidate industry, sector or

regional approaches

Communications Laboratory 26

Standards Forumsmay develop... New Standards

amalgam of competing standards New Framework for

Interworking of Competing Standards “accommodation” of competing

standards Information to Facilitate

Adoption and Use of Proprietary Standards

Communications Laboratory 27

Standards Forums... address

performance interworking and interfaces testing methods compliance assessment

base participation on active contribution must say something concrete to be

heard

Communications Laboratory 28

The Traditional Approach...

International Standards

NationalStandards

Regional Standards

Communications Laboratory 29

The Current Approach...?International

Standards

NationalStandards

RegionalStandards

ForumStandards

Communications Laboratory 30

A View of Communications Standards

ITU IEC/ISO

EBU/ABU ETSI CENELEC

SMPTE MPEG

ANSI IEEE SAA others