the spark: assassination of archduke ferdinand of austria-hungary assassination of archduke...
TRANSCRIPT
WORLD WAR IWORLD WAR I
The Spark:Assassination of Archduke
Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary
The Teams • Allied Powers
– Belgium– Serbia– England– Russia– France– Later Italy, and
U.S. and Japan• BSERF
• Central Powers– Bulgaria– Ottoman Empire– Germany– Austria-Hungary
• BOGA
The Coaches
Czar Nicholas II, Russia, George Clemenceau, FR David Lloyd George, GB Woodrow Wilson, US
Allied Powers
Central Powers
Franz Joseph, A-H Wilhelm II, Germany
Playing Field
Playing Field
• Eastern Front– Mostly in Russia,
along the German/Russian border
– Type of fighting used = more mobile
– Problems – neither side able to achieve a complete victory
– Battle lines changed often (fluid)
• Western Front– Mostly in France, along
German/French Border– Type of fighting used =
Trench Warfare– Problems = stalemate…
• Stalemate – deadlock, where neither side gains an advantage
– War of Attrition – no quick victory; each side tries to wear the other side down
German Plans to Attack France
German Plans to Attack France
1st Play: Schieffen PlanSchlieffen Plan – war plan for Germany, created by Alfred von Schlieffen
•Plan to avoid a two front war•Attack France through neutral Belgium•Defeat the French in 6 weeks before Russia can mobilize•Turn and fight Russia
Problems:•Heavily fortified areas in Belgium•Strong resistance from France•Russia mobilized quicker•Britain attacked from the north
1st Game: Battle of the Marne
• German’s advance into France
• Pushed back by French at Marne
• Stalemate and Trench Warfare begin
• Ends Schlieffen Plan
Which of the following correctly represents the Allied Powers
1. Austria-Hungary, Italy, Germany,
2. Serbia, Russia, France, Great Britain, Belgium
3. Bulgaria, Ottoman Empire, Germany, Austria-Hungary
4. Russia, France, Great Britain, Germany
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Which of the following describes the fighting on the western front?
1. Trench warfare, Stalemate
2. Mobile, Changing Battle lines
3. Fought primarily in Russia
4. Fought primarily in France
5. Both 1 and 46. Both 2 and 31 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
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Which of the following describes the Schlieffen Plan and its failure?
1. France’s plan to defeat Germany quickly; Belgium mobilized to quickly
2. Germany’s plan to avoid a two front war; Russia mobilized too quickly
3. Austria-Hungary’s plan to attack Serbia; Russia mobilized too quickly
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Trench Warfare
Diagram of the Trenches
Trench System
French soldiers firing over their own dead
All Quiet on the Western Front – trench warfare (9:27)
Do you think we have enough
food and supplies to
outlast them?
These lines haven't moved
for a year!
Do you think we have enough food and supplies to outlast
them?
These lines
haven't moved for
a year!
No-Mans land
Bellwork
• Explain the 4 phases of the Armenian Genocide
• Explain which picture depicts that phase and why.
Battle of Verdun•German attack on French
•Longest battle of WWI = 300 days
•Total casualties – 700,000
•No clear winner
•Stalemate
Battle of Somme
• British/French surprise attack against Germans
• British losses 1st day – 60,000 men
• Total Casualties – 1Million+
• No clear winner
• Stalemate
• Tank introduced
1st Game Eastern FrontBattle of Tannenberg
• Russia vs. Germany/Austria-Hungry• Russian Advantages
– Largest army (15:1 ratio Russian to German) • Not well trained• Lacked weapons
• Russian Disadvantages– Least industrialized – Lack of Modern Technology
• Who won?– GERMANS
Hyundai Commercial
• How does the commercial relate to the German and Russian forces?
• Who portrays Germany?
• Who portrays Russia?
Battle of Gallipoli
• Britain’s (Winston Churchill) Game Plan : – Open supply route to Russia– Capture Dardanelle Straight gaining access to
Black Sea– Eliminate the Ottoman Empire from the war
• Bulgaria and Ottoman Empire – promised land by A-H to defend
Dardanelle’s at all cost• Allies fail
Battle of Gallipoli
Weapons Webquest
• New inventions made WWI different then any other war that was previously fought
• WWI introduced:
– Submarines
– Airplanes
– Poison Gas
– Machine Guns
– Tanks
• Your Task
– Complete the Webquest located under my World History Files. Once Webquest is complete, describe the impact each weapon had on the war.
Dogfights
U-Boat
Poison Gas
Tanks
Trenches
America Enters WWI
America Neutral?
•Not our war
•Businesses could sell to both sides
•Recent immigrants from both sides
While watching the video
• List 4 reasons why the US enters WWI.
US Entry into WWI
Reason for US Entry• Ties to GB-Common Language and
culture
• Propaganda
• Sinking of the Lusitania
• Unrestricted Submarine Warfare
• Zimmerman Note
Sinking of the Lusitania
– German u-boat torpedoes British passenger ship off Irish coast-May 7th, 1915
– 1200 die, 124 Americans
Unrestricted Submarine Warfare
• German u-boats sink military, passenger, and merchant ships on sight
• 4 US ships sunk between Jan-Mar 1917
Zimmerman Note
• Note from German Foreign Minister to German Ambassador in Mexico– Convince Mexico to go
to war against US– Mexico to gain territory
lost in Mex-Am War– Prevent U.S. from
joining war in Europe– US declares war: April
2, 1917
America
Prepares for War
America At War
•American Expeditionary
Forces
“Dough Boys”
http://www.firstworldwar.com/audio/overthere.htm
Exit Slip
• List two characteristics of the battles in WWI
• Describe two reasons why the US entered the WWI.
Pre-Revolutionary Russia
• Nicholas II became Tsar in 1884
• Only true autocracy left in Europe
• Believed he was the absolute ruler anointed by God
• No type of representative political institutions for workers
• Imperial Family ruled for 300 years
• Czar Nicolas was unprepared and foolish
• He was influenced by his German born wife, Alexandra, and his concern for his 4 daughters and his son, Aleksei, who had hemophilia
Aleksei: Alexandra’s Son with Hemophilia
The Revolution of 1905• Workers unhappy-had lost
the Russo-Japanese War in 1904-Poverty
• Workers were concentrated in St. Petersburg and Moscow
• Help from the countryside: poor peasants
• Duma-Legislative body-established-no real political power though
Alexandra: The Power Behind the Throne
• Alexandra was even more blindly committed to autocracy than her husband
• Rasputin a monk with supposed psychic powers had influence over her
• He seemingly cured Aleksei-hypnosis
• Scandals surrounding Rasputin served to discredit the monarchy-womanizer, alcoholic, affair with Czarina
• Video-Grigori Rasputin Biography
The Collapse of the Imperial Government
• Nicholas leaves for the Front—September, 1915
• Alexandra and Rasputin throw the government into chaos-inflation, food and fuel shortages
• Rumors of an affair• Alexandra and other
high government officials accused of treason
The Collapse of the Imperial Government (cont)
• Rasputin assassinated in December of 1916
• Cyanide, shot 4 times, thrown into a river-still living
• Alexandra refused to receive assistance of the Russian Middle Class
• Wartime economy was completely mismanaged
The Two Revolutions of 1917
• The March Revolution (March 12)
• The November Revolution (November 6)
The Russian Revolution =7 Key Events
1. March Revolution• March 8th through 15th, 1917, there is rioting in
the streets of Petrograd (St. Petersburg) over a lack of food and fuel. (Clip-fall/Tsar)
• Government orders troops who are sent in to break up the riots
• The Soldiers refused to fire, and join the rioters.
Note: the March Revolution is not organized by the revolutionary intellectuals but by working people.
The Russian Revolution =7 Key Events
2. Abdication
• The Czar (Nicholas II) gives up the thrown
• Giving up the thrown is also known as abdication
• This ends the 300 year Romanov Rule
A new government will begin…
The Russian Revolution =7 Key Events
3. Provisional Government Established =
• Democracy – legislature made up of middle class• Alexander Kerensky –Prime Minister• Big Mistake: Didn’t withdraw from WWI• Challenged by Petrograd Soviet-Workers• Soviets– elective body of town workers• Menshevik –slow transition to communism• Bolsheviks-led by Lenin-immediate revolution
by intellectuals and creation of a communist state-Workers of the World Unite!
The Russian Revolution =7 Key Events
• Problems for the Provisional Government – Desertion– Worsening transportation– Drop in armament production– Weak
– All this leads to loss of support…– Soviets promote social reforms…
The Russian Revolution =7 Key Events
4. November Revolution =
• Bolshevik Beliefs – small number of intellectuals and workers lead a radical revolution against Noblemen/Lords and middle class
• Lenin – leader of Bolsheviks– Promised “Peace, Land, and Bread”– Withdraw from war, all peasants given land,
everyone would have enough to eat
The Russian Revolution =7 Key Events
• November Revolution Continued…• Coup d’etat – sudden overthrow of government
(Provisional government in Russia) by people from within a country
• Socialist State– Workers control of factories and mines– Land distribution to peasants– End private property– Create Equality
• Communists – name given to Bolsheviks based on the ideas of Karl Marx
The Russian Revolution =7 Key Events
5. Treaty of Brest-Litovsk =• Treaty to end fighting between Germany and Russia in
WWI.• Reasons Russia gets out:
– Lenin/communists take Absolute Power– Large number of troops being killed– Food shortages throughout the country– Wanted to focus on stabilizing the economy and creating equality
• Russia lose much of Western territory and 1/3 of population to Germany
• Germany can concentrate on Western Front – ends 2-Front war
The Russian Revolution =7 Key Events
6. Civil War (1918-1921) = • Reds (also known as communists) VS Whites (Army –
supporters of the Czar)
• Leon Trotsky – communist leader of the Red Army
– Used force and education to promote loyalty to communism
• Whites – received military aid from the Allies and the United States – why?
– Promised to defeat Reds quickly and get Russia back into WWI
• Villages burned, workers and peasants starved, economy worsened
• Lenin/Communists gain control by 1921
The Russian Revolution =7 Key Events
7. Imperial Execution (1918) =
• Czar Nicholas II and his family executed
• Video Rasputin song
Which of the following ends Russia’s participation in WWI?
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1. Russia signs the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
2. The creation of a provisional government
3. Lenin signed a deal with the US to continue a two front war
4. United States joins the war effort
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Who becomes the leader of the Bolsheviks and leads Russia out of the war?
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1. Leon Trotsky
2. Joseph Stalin
3. Vladimir Lenin
4. Otto Von Bismarck
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Global War
• Resources and soldiers from colonies
• Fought in Asia and Africa - Allies gained German colonies
• British get help from Middle East colonies of Ottoman Empire conquered the Ottoman’s – expected independence at war’s end
Global War
• What did imperialized nations want?
1.Citizenship OR
2.Independence
• What was the outcome?– Didn’t gain independence, European empires
extended their empires at the expense of the colonies
End of War•Second Battle of the Marne (7/18) - Last Major German Offensive
•Kaiser Wilhelm II abdicates
•Armistice – Agreement to end fighting 11:00am 11/11/18
Lives Lost
Russia 3.7 millionFrance 1.7 millionGreat Britain 995,000United States 117,000Germany 2.4 millionAustria 1.5 millionOttoman Empire 2.9 millionTotal Deaths 29 million6 million-mangled, disfigured, deformedTotal Casualties 37M
Wilson’s Fourteen PointsThree Goals:•Ensure lasting peace•Right to choose government•League of Nations – International body of representatives from each country with the purpose of maintaining peace1. Why did the US not want to join the League of Nations?
League of Nations Formed
• United States didn’t join– Congress feared it would
drag us into another war– Weakened the power of the
League of Nations– No power to enforce its
decisions
Paris Peace Conference
• 5 Separate Peace Treaties known as the Peace of Paris
• Central Powers not invited
• Big 4 - Allied Powers: Great Britain, US, France, Italy
Treaty of VersaillesGermany got a R.A.W. Deal• R.eparations – payments to victors
for war damages ($33B)• A.llied Punishments
– De-militarized Germany– Took Germany’s colonies– Gave Alsace Lorraine to France– Took Saar Basin (coal supplies)– Took Rhineland (buffer zone)
• W.ar Guilt – Germany had to accept total blame for the war
R.A.W.
Map of Europe Re-drawn
Yugoslavia – Serbia,Bosnia, HertzegoveniaMontenegro, Croatia, Slovenia
Created by the CongressOf Vienna - created nationalisticfeelings
Use the maps below to answer the questions on the last page. Cite specific examples to support your answers
WW ICausesWW II
Which of the following was not a condition of the Treaty of Versailles
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0% 4%
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1. Germany must take complete blame for the war
2. Germany must pay reparations
3. German colonies will become independent
4. Germany must de-militarize
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Which of the following is true regarding the League of Nations?
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It w
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It w
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Both
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Both
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4%0%
83%
4%0%
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1. It was to act as a police force around the world
2. It was to act as a world court
3. It was to maintain international peace
4. The U.S. didn’t join5. Both 1 and 26. Both 3 and 41 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
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Which country was Yugoslavia made from
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0%
21%
42%38%
1. Germany
2. Russia
3. Austria-Hungary
4. Ottoman Empire
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Why was WWI a cause of WWII
It c
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0% 0%5%
95%1. It created
resentment and anger among Russians
2. It created anger and resent among Germans
3. It was meant to be a peace among equals, but failed
4. The US took too much territory
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