The Spanish-American War

Viva Cuba Libre!

The Imperialist TaylorThe Imperialist TaylorThe Imperialist TaylorThe Imperialist Taylor

Cuba Libre!

In 1895, Jose Marti launched a revolution in Cuba against Spanish rule

Rebels destroyed property to evoke U.S. interest.

• U.S. had its eye on Cuba and its resources in the 1800s.– They tried to buy it in 1854 for expanded plantations – 1886 - slavery was abolished in Cuba.

• U.S. invests in Cuban plantations.

Concentration Camps• Under harsh rule of Valeriano

Weyler “The Butcher”

• Spain responded by rounding up rebels in concentration camps.

• 300,000 people suffered starvation and abuse.

Spanish Misrule in CubaSpanish Misrule in CubaSpanish Misrule in CubaSpanish Misrule in Cuba

De Lôme LetterDe Lôme LetterDe Lôme LetterDe Lôme Letter

Dupuy de Lôme, Dupuy de Lôme, SpanishSpanishAmbassador to the Ambassador to the U.S.U.S.

Criticized PresidentCriticized PresidentMcKinley as McKinley as weakweak

Result?Result?

Theodore RooseveltTheodore RooseveltTheodore RooseveltTheodore Roosevelt

Assistant Assistant Secretary of the Secretary of the NavyNavy

Criticized Criticized PresidentPresidentMcKinley as McKinley as having the having the backbone of a backbone of a chocolate éclair!chocolate éclair!

Resigns his Resigns his position to fight in position to fight in Cuba.Cuba.

““Yellow JournalismYellow Journalism”” & & JingoismJingoism

““Yellow JournalismYellow Journalism”” & & JingoismJingoism

Joseph PulitzerJoseph Pulitzer

William Randolph Hearst

William Randolph Hearst

Hearst to Frederick Hearst to Frederick Remington:Remington: You furnish the You furnish the pictures,pictures, and I and I’’ll furnish the war!ll furnish the war!

THE U.S.S. MAINE EXPLODES

• The Maine was sent to Cuba to retrieve U.S. citizens.

• The Maine exploded, killing over 260.

Remember the MaineRemember the Maineand to Hell with Spain!and to Hell with Spain!Remember the MaineRemember the Maineand to Hell with Spain!and to Hell with Spain!

Funeral for Maine victims in Havana

Funeral for Maine victims in Havana

It’s On Now!

Congress approved McKinley’s request for declaration of war.

The Spanish-American War The Spanish-American War (1898):(1898):

““That Splendid Little WarThat Splendid Little War””

The Spanish-American War The Spanish-American War (1898):(1898):

““That Splendid Little WarThat Splendid Little War””

We attacked where?

Surprise!

• The U.S. attacked the Spanish Navy in the Philippines on May 1st.

• The Philippines were “liberated” by August.

Dewey Captures Manila!Dewey Captures Manila!Dewey Captures Manila!Dewey Captures Manila!

The Spanish-American War The Spanish-American War (1898):(1898):

““That Splendid Little WarThat Splendid Little War””

The Spanish-American War The Spanish-American War (1898):(1898):

““That Splendid Little WarThat Splendid Little War””

The The ““Rough Rough RidersRiders””

The The ““Rough Rough RidersRiders””

Charge up San Juan Hill

Treaty of Paris 1898

GuamPuerto Rico

Philippines

Is He To Be a Despot?Is He To Be a Despot?Is He To Be a Despot?Is He To Be a Despot?

Emilio AguinaldoEmilio AguinaldoEmilio AguinaldoEmilio Aguinaldo

LLeader of the Filipinoeader of the FilipinoUprising.Uprising.

July 4, 1946:July 4, 1946:Philippine Philippine independenceindependence

In the Philippine-American War(1899-1902)

70,000 U.S. soldiers fought - 4,000 died, and as manyas 600,000 Filipinos were killed.

William H. Taft, 1stWilliam H. Taft, 1stGov.-General of the PhilippinesGov.-General of the Philippines

William H. Taft, 1stWilliam H. Taft, 1stGov.-General of the PhilippinesGov.-General of the Philippines

Great Great administrator.administrator.

The American Anti-The American Anti-Imperialist Imperialist

League League

The American Anti-The American Anti-Imperialist Imperialist

League LeagueFounded in 1899.Founded in 1899.

Mark Twain, Mark Twain, Andrew Andrew Carnegie, and Carnegie, and WilliamWilliamJennings Bryan Jennings Bryan amongamongthe leaders.the leaders.

Campaigned Campaigned against the against the annexation of theannexation of thePhilippines and Philippines and otherotheracts of imperialism.acts of imperialism.

Teller Amendment Teller Amendment (1898)(1898)

Platt AmendmentPlatt Amendment (1903) (1903)

1.1. Cuba could not make treaties without US Cuba could not make treaties without US approvalapproval

2.2. The U.S. could intervene in Cuban affairs if The U.S. could intervene in Cuban affairs if necessary to maintain an efficient, independent necessary to maintain an efficient, independent govt.govt.

3.3. Cuba must lease Cuba must lease Guantanamo BayGuantanamo Bay to the U.S. for to the U.S. for naval and coaling station.naval and coaling station.

4.4. Cuba must not go into significant debt.Cuba must not go into significant debt.

Cuban Independence?Cuban Independence?Cuban Independence?Cuban Independence?

Senator Orville Platt

Senator Orville Platt

Puerto Rico: 1898Puerto Rico: 1898Puerto Rico: 1898Puerto Rico: 18981900 - Foraker ActForaker Act..

PR became an PR became an ““unincorporated territory.unincorporated territory.””

Citizens of PR, not of the US.Citizens of PR, not of the US.

Import duties on PR goodsImport duties on PR goods

1901-1903 1901-1903 the the Insular CasesInsular Cases..

Constitutional rights were not Constitutional rights were not automatically extended to territorial automatically extended to territorial possessions.possessions.

Stereotypes of the Stereotypes of the Chinese Chinese

ImmigrantImmigrant

Stereotypes of the Stereotypes of the Chinese Chinese

ImmigrantImmigrant

Oriental [Chinese]

Exclusion Act, 1882

Oriental [Chinese]

Exclusion Act, 1882

The Boxer Rebellion: The Boxer Rebellion: 19001900

The Boxer Rebellion: The Boxer Rebellion: 19001900

The Peaceful Harmonious The Peaceful Harmonious Fists.Fists.

““55 Days at Peking.55 Days at Peking.””

The Open Door PolicyThe Open Door PolicyThe Open Door PolicyThe Open Door Policy

Secretary Secretary John HayJohn Hay..

Give all nations equalGive all nations equalaccess to trade in China.access to trade in China.

Guaranteed that China would NOT be Guaranteed that China would NOT be taken taken over by any one foreign power.over by any one foreign power.

TheTheOpen Door Open Door

PolicyPolicy

TheTheOpen Door Open Door

PolicyPolicy

America as a Pacific America as a Pacific PowerPower

America as a Pacific America as a Pacific PowerPower

Our Our ““Sphere of InfluenceSphere of Influence””Our Our ““Sphere of InfluenceSphere of Influence””