Slide 1

The Imperialist Taylor

THE POLICY OF POWERFUL COUNTRIES THAT SEEK TO CONTROL THE ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL AFFAIRS OF WEAKER COUNTRIES OR REGIONS.

ECONOMICS EUROPEAN COUNTRIES WANTED RAW MATERIALS AND CONSUMERS FOR THEIR PRODUCTS

DUTY MANY EUROPEANS BELIEVED THAT IT WAS THEIR DUTY TO SPREAD CHRISTIANITY AND CULTURE TO OTHER BACKWARD PEOPLE.

COMPETITION EUROPEAN COUNTRIES WANTED TO TAKEOVER AN AREA BEFORE THEIR COMPETITORS WERE ABLE TO

IMPERIALISMREASONS

Rudyard Kipling, The White Man's Burden (1899)

TAKE UP THE WHITE MAN'S BURDEN--SEND FORTH THE BEST YE BREED--GO BIND YOUR SONS TO EXILE TO SERVE YOUR CAPTIVES' NEED;TO WAIT IN HEAVY HARNESS, ON FLUTTERED FOLK AND WILD--YOUR NEW-CAUGHT, SULLEN PEOPLES, HALF-DEVIL AND HALF-CHILD.

TAKE UP THE WHITE MAN'S BURDEN--IN PATIENCE TO ABIDE,TO VEIL THE THREAT OF TERROR AND CHECK THE SHOW OF PRIDE;BY OPEN SPEECH AND SIMPLE ,AN HUNDRED TIMES MADE PLAINTO SEEK ANOTHER'S PROFIT ,AND WORK ANOTHER'S GAIN.

5OBJECTIVES:WHAT MAJOR FACTORS DROVE IMPERIALISM?HOW DID THE UNITED STATES ACQUIRE HAWAII?WHAT WAS THE U.S. ROLE IN CHINA?HOW DID JAPAN BECOME A WORLD POWER?6FACTORS THAT DROVE IMPERIALISMTHE NEED FOR MARKETS

THE NEED FOR RAW MATERIALS

THE DESIRE FOR POWER

THE DESIRE FOR PRESTIGE7ACQUISITION OF HAWAIIAmerican missionaries arrived in the 1820s and by the 1870s, Americans controlled most of the land and trade.In 1875, Hawaiian sugar was exempted from U.S. tariffs, but in 1876, the U.S. demanded Pearl Harbor in exchange for tax-free status.In 1887, King Kalakaua was forced to sign the Bayonet Constitution.In 1893, supporters of annexation overthrew the Hawaiian monarchy and proclaimed Hawaii a U.S. protectorate.U.S. annexed Hawaii in 1898.

WEALTHY AMERICAN PLANTERS, SUCH AS SANFORD DOLE, FORCED THE HAWAIIAN KING, KALAKAUA, TO ADOPT A NEW CONSTITUTION, GIVING MORE CONTROL OF THE KINGDOM TO THE PLANTERS. FOR EXAMPLE,FOREIGNERS HAD THE RIGHT TO VOTE, BUT MOST NATIVE HAWAIIANS COULD NOT.Sanford Dole

King KalakauaIN 1891, QUEEN LILIUOKALANI BECAME THE LEADER OF HAWAII AND ATTEMPTED TO RESTORE THE KINGDOMS INDEPENDENCE.

HOWEVER, U.S. MARINES FORCED QUEEN LILIUOKALANI TO SURRENDER AT GUNPOINT.I yield to the superior force of the United States of AmericaTo avoid any collision of armed forces and perhaps the loss of life, I do this under protest, and impelled by said force, yield my authority.

LILIUOKALANI, LETTER TO THE U.S. GOVERNMENT, 1893.

ON POINTS OF BAYONETS SOLDIERS ARE HOLDING UP A ROUND PLATFORM UPON WHICH SITS A CARICATURE OF LILI'UOKALANI, FEATHERS IN HER HAIR, CROWN ASKEW, BAREFOOT, HOLDING A PAPER READING "SCANDALOUS GOVERNMENT", AND "GROSS IMMORALITY".

SANFORD DOLE BECAME THE TEMPORARY PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF HAWAII.President Sanford Dole and U.S. Minister Harold M.Sewall at the annexation ceremony on Aug. 12, 1898,fronting Iolani Palace.

THE STATE WAS ADMITTED TO THE UNION ON AUGUST 21, 195913U.S. ROLE IN CHINAPROMOTED THE OPEN DOOR POLICYHELPED OTHER FOREIGN COUNTRIES PUT DOWN THE BOXER REBELLIONPRESSURED FOREIGN POWERS TO OBSERVE OPEN TRADE THROUGHOUT CHINA AND PRESERVE CHINAS RIGHT TO RULE ITS OWN TERRITORY14STEPS THAT LED JAPAN TO BECOME A WORLD POWERAGREED TO WESTERN DEMANDS FOR TRADEINDUSTRIALIZED RAPIDLYBUILT UP ITS ARMY AND NAVYATTACKED RUSSIA IN 1904NEGOTIATED A PEACE TREATY WITH RUSSIARIVALRY IN CHINA

CHINA WAS TOO WEAK TO FIGHT OFF FOREIGN INVADERS.

- IN THE LATE 1800S, BRITAIN, FRANCE, GERMANY, RUSSIA, AND JAPAN TOOK OVER SECTIONS OF CHINA CALLED

THE U.S. WAS AFRAID THEY WOULD BE CUT OUT OF THE TRADE WITH CHINA. THE U.S. ISSUED THE OPEN DOOR POLICY, SAYING THAT ANY NATION COULD TRADE IN ANY NATIONS SPHERE OF INFLUENCE.

Boxer RebellionANGRY CHINESE, CALLED BOXERS, ATTACKED AND KILLED OVER 200 FOREIGNERS.

Read Text page 330

CHINESE BOXER, 1900

More than 135 adult Protestant missionaries and fifty-three Western children were killed by the Boxers in 1900.

G. B. FARTHING WAS AN ENGLISH BAPTIST MISSIONARY KILLED BY THE BOXERS WITH HIS FAMILY IN 1900.

A DETERMINED UNCLE SAM HAS DONNED TWO NAVAL SHIPS AS BOXING GLOVES, PROVOKING THE CHINESE REBEL, WHOSE KNIFE DRIPS WITH BLOOD, INTO A WIDE-EYED GRIMACE OF FEAR.

Allies during the Boxer Rebellion, with their naval flags, from left to right: Italy, United States, France, Austria-Hungary, Japan, Germany, United Kingdom, Russia. (Japanese print, 1900.) IN RESPONSE, AN INTERNATIONAL ARMY CRUSHED THE REBELLION.20OBJECTIVES HOW DID SIMMERING UNREST IN CUBA LEAD TO REBELLION? WHY DID AMERICANS GET WAR FEVER? WHAT HAPPENED IN THE COURSE OF THE SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR? WHY WAS ANNEXING THE PHILIPPINES CONTROVERSIAL?THE SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR21CUBANS LAUNCHED A SERIES OF REVOLTS AGAINST SPAIN BEGINNING IN 1868, WHICH SPAIN REACTED TO BY EXILING REVOLUTIONARY LEADERS.JOS MARTI MOVED TO NEW YORK CITY IN 1878, CONTINUING TO AGITATE FOR CUBAN INDEPENDENCE THROUGH NEWSPAPER ARTICLES AND POETRY.MARTI RETURNED TO CUBA TO PARTICIPATE IN A REVOLT IN FEBRUARY 1895 BUT WAS KILLED, BECOMING A HERO INSTANTLY.SPANISH GENERAL VALERIANO WEYLER USED RUTHLESS TACTICS TO SUPPRESS THE REVOLT, FURTHER ANGERING CUBANS AND SWAYING AMERICAN SENTIMENT TO THE SIDE OF THE REBELS.SIMMERING UNREST IN CUBA22NEWSPAPERS REPORTED THE UPRISING WITH DRAMATIC HEADLINES AND ARTICLES. You furnish the pictures, Ill furnish the war William Randolph HearstA LETTER WRITTEN BY THE SPANISH MINISTER TO THE U.S., ENRIQUE DUPUY DE LOOME, WHICH RIDICULED PRESIDENT MCKINLEY, WAS PUBLISHED BY THE NEW YORK JOURNAL.THE BATTLESHIP USS MAINE BLEW UP IN HAVANA HARBOR, KILLING 260 AMERICAN SAILORS.ALTHOUGH THERE WAS NO PROOF, THE EXPLOSION WAS BLAMED ON A SPANISH MINE, GALVANIZING U.S. SUPPORT FOR WAR WITH SPAIN.AMERICANS GET WAR FEVER

23Slide Analysis: Judge Cartoon

24Sinking of the Maine in Havana HarborUSS MAINE EXPLODES IN HAVANA, CUBA HARBOR, SPARK THAT STARTED THE WARREMEMBER THE MAINE! TO HELL WITH SPAIN!HOW DID IT LEAD TO WAR?MOST AMERICANS BELIEVE IT WAS SPAINS FAULT 1976 US NAVY ANALYZED THE SUNKEN SHIP, DECIDED THAT THE HULL BLEW OUT NOT IN THE COURSE OF THE WARThe PhilippinesFuture President Theodore Roosevelt sent Commodore George Dewey orders to prepare for war against Spain.Dewey engaged the Spanish fleet in Manila Bay.Steel- and iron-hulled U.S. ships helped to defeat the Spaniards.Filipino rebels, led by Emilio Aguinaldo, had already been fighting Spain.Surrounded by Dewey (at sea) and Aguinaldo (on land), Spanish forces surrendered.CubaU.S. War Department was unprepared for war in Cuba.American strategy was to control the port city of Santiago.Theodore Roosevelts Rough Riders helped gain control of the city at the Battle of San Juan Hill. The U.S. Navy sank the entire Spanish fleet off the coast of Cuba.

26Teddy Roosevelt

27Rough RidersWho were the Rough Riders? Who was their leader?Teddy Roosevelt resigns as Asst Secy of the Navy to lead a Cowboy CalvaryBrought his own photographer

Teddys popularity from this leads to his becoming v.p. and presidentU.S. VICTORY OVER SPAIN ELEVATED THE AMERICAN POSITION IN THE WORLD. SPAIN GAVE UP ALL CLAIMS TO CUBA.

THE UNITED STATES GAINED TERRITORY IN PUERTO RICO AND GUAM.

SPAIN TURNED OVER THE PHILIPPINES FOR $20 MILLION.

TERRITORIAL GAINS STRENGTHENED THE MILITARY AND ECONOMIC POSITION OF THE UNITED STATES.29Manila BayWhat Happened at Manila Bay?Surprise naval attack sunk the crumbling Spanish NavyMade Americans feel very superior

30Slide Analysis: Headline of the Maine Explosion

Maine Explosion Caused by Bomb or Torpedo?2/17/1898 New York World31ResultsUS DEFEATS SPAIN & BECOMES A WORLD POWERTEDDY ROOSEVELT ELECTED VICE PRESIDENT IN 1900 AND BECOMES PRESIDENT IN 1901 WHEN MCKINLEY IS SHOTUS MUST DECIDE WHAT TO DO ABOUT SPAINS FORMER COLONIES (PHILLIPINES, PUERTO RICO, AND CUBA)