THE SEMI-ARID TROPICS IN INDIA

GEOGRAPHICAL LIMITS O F ARID AND SEMI-ARID REGIONS O F INDIA

LONGlTUOE 'Z Modified from Krirhnon 1969 (Hydcrobod inclubed

APPENDIX 111

HYDERABAD - M O I S T U R E AVAILABILITY S T A T U S

0 J F M A M J J A S O N D

Months

HYDERABAD

17' 27' N,78' 28' E

a l

a

*Temp T e m p - - - - -Pe t R-Rechorge,S-Surpus,U-Utilizotion,D-Deficit

Moisture Avoiiability Period (LGP)

J F M A M J J A S O N D

D-Dry, MD-Mod Dry, M-Moist, H-Humid

Source : NBSSLUP-ICAR 1995

APPENDIX I V

AGRO - ECOREGION 7 HOT SEMI-ARID ECOREGION WITH RED AND BLACK SOILS(K6 D2)

I 1

Adopted from Sehqhol et a 1 . , 1 9 9 3

Agro-ecoregion 7 covets parts of the Deccan ploteou(Tel0ngano) of the Andhro Prodesh State

and includes the Hyderobod District

A P P E N D I X V

THE NORTH TELANGANA PLATEA U, HOT MOIST SEMI-ARID ECO-SUBREGION

(K6Dm4)

APPENDIX V I

Mean Temperature of Hyderabad Metropolitan city(1993-1996)

Mean Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Tem~erature

'With a maximum : 40.7 C

(Data Source : Hyderabad metereological Station, Begumpet)

APPENDIX YII

BIMODAL RAINFALL PATTERN IN THE STUDY AREA, DURING 1993- 94 1

Rainfall paitem normal Average rainfall %!age deviation I (A) South- West monsoon 647mm 502mm 557.6 -22'

(June to September) (86.189) 88.3t181.3t177.0tl l l .D

fb) North- East monsoon 93mm 169mm t82 (October) 98.6 139t

7 the monsoon, in the Rangareddy distrcit is indexed as deficit) I Source :Seasonal crop report of Andhra Pradesh- Ranga reddy district(1993-94). 1 The monsoon was deficitjobserved during June to September), uneven and untimely with prolonged dry spells. The irrigat~on tanks and minor sources, hadno adequate water. The water table of dug wells were depleted. There has been a decrease in area of crop cultivation under kharif season(CR1DA annual report 1993-95)

Agro-Climatic Zone:

The Southern TelanganaZone V : Annual rainfall 700 - 900mm. Maximum and minium temperatures during south-west monsoon range from 28-34OC and 22-33OC

deg respectively; It is predominantly red soil track with red earths and

loomy soils (chalkas).

Source : Agriculhlral Information & Communication Centre, APAU, Rajendranagar,

Hyderabad - 500030.

11. Rabi Season (October/lVovember-March-April) Crops

Vernacular Name (Direct Tclugu)

Vare

Tella jonna

Kande-Pappu (Tur)

Uluvalu

Vankai

Tomato

Gokera

Kakera (kerala)

Kusuma

Donda

AsterBanti

Draksha

Pane

Mamidi

lama

Sapota

Dhanema

Common Name

PaddyRice

Red gram

Horse gram

Brinjal

Tomato

Binerguard

Safflower

Chrysanthemum

Grape

Conon

Mango

Gauva

Sapota

Pormegmnte

-

Botanical Name

Oryza sativa

Cajanus cajan

Dolichos bifloms

Solanurn melongena

Lycopersicum esculentum

Momordicacharantia

Carthamus tinctorius

Chrysanthemum spps

V ~ t i s vinefera

Gossipium spps

Mangifera indica

Psidium spps

Achras sapota

Punica gmnata

APPENDIX- V I I I

Wrnacular (Telugu) & Botanical names' of Cultivated Crops, in the Study Areas (1993-98)

(I) Kharifseason (JundJuly-October) Crops

Vernacular Name

Vare

Pacche Jonna

Makka J o ~ a l u

Sajjelu

Amadalu

Kande-papu (Tur)

PalleNeru-senaga

Tomatar

Mirchimirpakayai

Vankai

Donda

Kakera (karela)

Gokera

Gorichikkudu

Chikudu

Palak

Menthu Kura

Thota -ha

KotmirlDhania

Berakaii

Bhendi (Bendakai)

Proddu Tirugudu Panta

Dhraksa

Phalsa

Gulabi

ChamantiBanti

MalleIJajji-sanneljiwi

Jathi-Malli

Common Name

Paddy Rice

JowarlSorghum

Maize

Bajra

Castor

Red Gram

Groundnut

Tomato

Chilly

Brinjal

Bitter-guard

Cluster-bean

Field-bean

Spinach

Fenugreek

Amaranthus

Coriander

Ridge gourd

Lady's fingerloba

Sunflower

Grape

Falsa

Rose

Chrysanthemum

Jasmine

Jasmine

Botanical Name

Oryza sativa

Sorghum vulgare

Zeamays

Pennisetum typhoidem

Ricinuscommunis

Cajanus cajan

Arachis hypogaea

Lycopersicum esculentum

Capsicum annuum

Solanum rnelongena

Momordica charantia

Cyamopsis tetragonoloba

Dolichos lablab

Spinacia oleracea

Trigonella foenigracum

A m m t h u s gangeticus

Coriandrum satiwm

Luffa acutangula

Abelmoschus esculentus

Helianthus annuus

Vitis vinefera

Grewia asiatica

Rosa spps

Chrysanthemum spps

Jasmium sambac (shrub)

Jasrnim grandifolium

APPENDIX- I X

Clossory of Colloquial Terms Used in tire Study Region

Kanclra

Kancka Godde :

Inam land :

Jaagirdar :

Jagir

Mandal

Mulki

Mal~rra

Parrclrayat :

Patwori

Patel, Patwari :

Porromboke lands:

Protected forests:

A general term used by farmers to denote fallow lands.

This term also covers permanent pastures

A term for the fodder grass, from the 'kacha' shrub

vegetation patch

Gift or grant of land

Village administrator, under the Nizam rule of Hyderabad

The tenure ,in which revenue of a specified territory

were made over to a jagirdar, Who would appropriate

revenue and administer of the district.

An administrative unit that covers about 20 villages.

It is the second tier in the three tier local administration

that links the village (the lowest unit) and the district

(the highest unit)

A local resident of Hyderabad

Madlro indica: flowers and seeds are which in oil and

are eaten.

Lowest level of Indian government. Usually covers from

3 to 10 villages and many more hamlets.

Village accountant

The local name for the village administrative officer

Non private lands under the control of panchayats

Porromboke lands: Lands incapable of cultivation or set

apan for public or communal purposes. Products are in

practice used by near by users or auctioned by local

administration.

Forests where local rights include all uses except those,

which are not permitted under legal notification.

* Ramzan

* Reserved forests :

* Revenue lands :

* Tenu or Bidi :

* Telangana :

* Sarkari Tltumma :

* Zamindar :

Land, utilised and commonly inclusive of common property

resource (CPR), identified in the Indian context as fallows

other than the current, pasture and grazing lands, cultivable

waste (yes, partial) and barren and

uncultivable land (may be included).

(source: Chopra et al.1990)

?he ninth month ofthe Muslim year when all good Muslims

are expected to fast from sunrise to sunset

Forest where all local uses except those in notified lists

are forbidden. Generally these lands contain all of the

better forests or played an important protection function.

Non forest and non-private lands under the control of the

revenue department.

Diospyrous meianoxyion; produces leaves which are used

in the production of Indian Cigarettes (bidis).

It is enriched by Urdu, Arabic, Parsi and other Indian

languages like Marathi, Kannada and Gondi.

The thorny shrub tree extensively inhabiting follow land

in semi lands - Prosopsis juiifoiio.

An occupant of land, a land holder

APPENDIX X

GRASSLANDS OR 'KANCHA' IN HYDERABAD CITY

In the past, in the erstwhile state of Hyderabad, grasslands were especially developed as

fodder banks. These were called "Kanchas" . ... Basically these were to serve as grazing

lands as well as for providing the large quantities of gass needed for the domestic animals.. . . With the advent of the indusby and intensive farming and the spread of human habitations, the

first and foremost pressure was on the grasslands or "Kanchas" which were the easiest to

develop..

There is a wave nowadays to develop so called "Farms" and "green havens" for the city-

folks and all and sundry are clamouring to aquire them. It is ironical that wilderness and

grasslands are being converted to "open area", 'green fields', 'orchards' and 'farms'.

Rajiv Matlrew 1996.

Editor 'Pirto'. Bulletin ofthe Birdwatcher's Society ofAndhraPradesh, Hyderabad in 'The

decline of Kancha' grasslands' ofthe Hyderabad region (Pitta - June 1996)

APPENDIX X I

WATER AVAILABILITY INSOILS- HYDERABAD

Hyderabad at 545 m elevation, 17.27 latw), 78 28' Long (E), has the monthly rainfall, monthly potential evapotranspiration and length of water availability period, as de-

picted under:

Im Fen Mar Apr May June July Aug Sep Oct Nor Ckc Annual DP' RaulTall(mm) 2 11 U M 10 1O1 IM 147 161 71 25 6 Xd Ma Poknual cvapaVanrplrarlonll0 IN I&! 198 Mi 1% Id0 136 119 I24 1W Ii) I754

(DPt-Dependable precipitation'; **Soil suborder and available water-holding

capacity; Water availability-rainy season m t o r e d soil moisture

'? Starting of growing season.

(Source; Piara singh and Virmani-ICRISAT per comm) in water Availability in soils of

Andhra pradesh, ICRISAT publication - reprint.

Shallow Alfisols or red soil-light in texture; loamy to clayey are predominant in the drier

regions of the inland plateau with available water retention range from 500-100 mm. Vertisols or deep black soils are productive, (>lm), clayey in texture, have 200-250mm

available water capacity in the rooting zone.

Climate: The region is hot, humid, with the rainfall caused by both the south-west and

north-East monsoons. Hyderabad is catogerised, under Zone UI with 700-

lOOOmm range (medium) and 'unirnodal' in the northern region.

Water availabilityperiod: Ranges from 140-180 days.(>l80 days: Hydembad - in deep

vertisols). (This is more assured during the rainy season in Northern Andhra

Pradesh, suitable for sustainable agriculture)

In Northern Andhra Pradesh, sustainable agriculture based on high inputs is possible,

because of assured rainfall ava~lability.

A P P E N D I X X I I

THE B S C V O C A T I O N A L PROGRAUUE - LOYOLA ACADEMY 1199.3)

* m e Loyola Acadmy Degree College (Autonamus), m d by the

Jesuit Society, Imparts a Fann Science and Rural D e v e l o ~ t

P r o g r m , t o the feeder d i s t r i c t s of ~yderabad and

Rangareddy, Since 1983.

t The objectives a r e vocationalisation and seeking t m d s

~nployment oppr tun i t i e s , for s m l l and middle level jobs.

'Ihe course i s terminal i n nature.

'Ihe taught a t the vocational level are:

- Mursery techniques in Horticulture and Forestry

- Farming systens and wasteland management

- Ecology, environment and sustainable agriculture

- Floriculture and Olericulture

- Post-Harvest Technology of Fccd Grains

- Dairy and Livestock Prcduction

- Rural wrk experience

- Rural Cevelopnent

- Horticulture

- Manures;. Fert i l izers and a m e n h t s

- Crop diseases and the i r mnagemnt

- Introduction t o Plant Biotechnolcq

- Small Animal Production

( * - par t ia l l i s t )

Cnutesy: Proceedings of the Board of Studies meeting, Loyola

Acadeny, %anderabad (1998)

APPENDIX X I 1 1 SOCIAL MAP - CHENGHICHERLA

APPENDIX m S O C I A L MAP - PEDDASHAPUR

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