the second report on the state of the world's animal ... second report on the state of the...

The Second Report on the State of the World's Animal Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture – state of development and overview –

Global National Coordinator Workshop Rome, Italy, 24-25 November 2014

The Second Report on the State of the World's Animal Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture – state of development and overview – CGRFA/WG-AnGR-8/14/2 Preparation of The second report on the State of the World’s

Animal Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture CGRFA/WG-AnGR-8/14/Inf.2 Part 1 & 2; Part 3; Part 5



Contents

Introduction

Resource mobilization

Timeline

Structure of the Second Report

State of development

Outcomes and highlights

Next steps



Introduction

The Commission requested FAO in April 2013:

• to prepare the Second Report, focusing on changes since the preparation of the first report

• to review the budget, with a view to increasing the proportion covered by Regular Programme resources

• and endorsed draft questionnaire for collecting national data

Resource mobilization

• Regular Programme contribution increased to nearly 70% of the total budget

• Increased efforts to mobilize extra-budgetary resources

• Numerous in-kind contributions by authors, reviewers, interns and others



Timeline 04/2013 Request by Commission 07/2013 Questionnaire for collecting national data finalized 08/2013 FAO Member Nations, Non-Member Nations and 69 international organizations invited to prepare reports based on standardized questionnaire

09/2013 National Coordinators invited to report on countries’ legal and policy frameworks 11/2013 African National Coordinators received training in country report preparation

12/2013 46 reports received on countries’ legal and policy frameworks

01/2014 Electronic questionnaires made available in English/French/Spanish 06/2014 129 country reports; 4 reports from RFPs/networks & 15 international organizations received data loaded to relational database

06 – mid 11/2014 data analysis & drafting of Part 1, 2, 3, 5



Thematic studies 1. Patent Landscape Report on Animal Genetic Resources by World Intellectual

Property Organization

2. Ecosystem services provided by livestock species and breeds, with special consideration to the contributions of small-scale livestock keepers and pastoralists, Background Study Paper 66

Other documents

1. Synthesis progress report on the implementation of the Global Plan of Action for Animal Genetic Resources – 2014

CGRFA/WG-AnGR-8/14/Inf.5

2. Status and trends of animal genetic resources – 2014




Structure of the Second Report Part 1 The state of livestock diversity

Section A: Origin and history of livestock diversity

Section B: Status and trends of animal genetic resources

Section C: Flows of animal genetic resources

Section D: Roles, uses and values of animal genetic resources

Section E: Animal genetic resources and resistance to disease

Section F: Threats to livestock genetic diversity

Section G: Livestock diversity and human nutrition



Structure of the Second Report Part 2 Livestock sector trends

Section A: Drivers of change in the livestock sector

Section B: The livestock sector’s response

Section C: Effects of the changes in the livestock sector on animal genetic resources and their management

Section D: Livestock sector trends and animal genetic resources management – conclusions



Structure of the Second Report Part 3 The state of capacities

Section A: Institutions and stakeholders Section AB: Characterization, inventory and monitoring Section B: Breeding programmes Section C: Conservation programmes Section D: Reproductive and molecular biotechnologies Section E: Legal and policy frameworks

[Part 4 The state of the art] [ Section A: Basic concepts] [ Section B: Surveying, monitoring and characterising] [ Section C: Molecular markers – a tool for exploring genetic diversity] [ Section D: Breeding programmes] [ Section E: Conservation] [ Section F: Developments in the economics of AnGR use and conservation]



Structure of the Second Report Part 5 Needs and challenges

Section A: Challenges posed by livestock sector trends

Section B: Characterization and monitoring

Section C: Sustainable use and development

Section D: Conservation

Section E: Policies, institutions and capacity-building



State of development • Parts 1, 2, 3, 5 drafted and made available to the ITWG-AnGR8

• Each section ends with changes since 2005, conclusions and/or research priorities

• Currently illustrated with • 112 tables

• 56 figures

• 74 boxes

• 16 sections of Parts 1, 2, 3 reviewed or being reviewed

• Part 4: early drafts of 5 sections prepared

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

Infrastructure Stakeholderparticipation

Education Research Knowledge Awareness Laws Policies Policyimplementation

Implementation oflaws

Scor

es (a

ggre

gate

d)

Africa Asia Europe & the Caucasus Latin America & the Caribbean Near & Middle East North America Southwest Pacific

basic/organizational/operational level strategic Level

0–0.5 0.5–1 1–1.5 1.5–2 2–2.5 2.5–3 Low Medium High

Programmes reported (%)

ScoreProgrammes reported (%)


Score

Buffaloes 31 21 81 1.9 62 1.3 52 1.0Horses 62 47 81 2.1 45 0.9 55 0.9Asses 30 16 50 1.3 38 0.6 25 0.4

Dromedaries 14 5 60 0.8 20 0.3 20 0.3Rabbits 43 20 55 1.2 25 0.6 5 0.1Ducks 43 16 63 1.4 50 0.9 13 0.1

Turkeys 31 12 50 1.0 42 0.6 17 0.2Geese 28 12 67 1.6 42 0.7 8 0.1

Guinea fowls 20 6 67 1.0 33 0.7 17 0.2

Species

Number of countries

reporting on existance of conservation programme

In situ conservationEx situ in vivo conservation

Ex situ in vitro conservationNumber of

countries reporting

breeds

Box 3C2. Dyeing sheep wool naturally in 35 colours: indigenous production systems and associated traditional knowledge – a case from Argentina The women of the Qom ethnic group of the province of Formosa, Argentina, practise artisanal handicrafts using wool from the local sheep, which has traditionally been raised in a “backyard” production system. Because of the coarseness of the wool, the items produced include carpets and tapestries. The women and children take responsibility for managing the small animals, while the men attend to the cattle. The flocks are small. Twice a year, the animals are sheared by the women, who collect the wool and process it according to their needs. For generations, Qom women have preserved local knowledge of how to use natural dyes extracted from bark, roots, leaves, fruits and insects. Efforts have been made to identify the natural resources used by the women throughout the handicraft production chain, with the aim of improving the quality and utilization of these materials, and thereby improving the entire production chain and empowering the women. In this way, 35 colours obtained from natural sources and used to dye fibres have been identified. Phenotypic, production and genetic characterization studies, along with studies of population dynamics, are being undertaken in the local sheep population, whose fleeces possess unique characteristics that make them suitable for the type of fabric production for which they have been used for generations. Women’s associations, in the form of artisan centres, have played a participatory and permanent role in the process, evaluating the impact that the interventions are having on their production activities. They have improved the quality of the craft products, and thereby achieved greater market penetration. The process has also contributed to improving the women’s visibility as new social actors and to strengthening their political involvement and participation. Today, the artisan centres lead the innovation of the production process, transforming an artisanal practice associated with the past and the older generations into an innovative and dynamic livelihood activity that involves young people and opens new employment perspectives for the region’s indigenous communities.

Provided by Sebastián de la Rosa.



Outcomes and highlights - Part 1 The state of livestock diversity Section A: Origin and history of livestock diversity

• Latest molecular tools contributed to better understanding of genetic basis of domestication and helped identifying growing list of genes involved in adaptation

• Conservation focuses on diversity generated by breed formation whereas diversity generated by environmental adaption likely to be old in origin and highly relevant to maintenance of future breeding options

Note: (1) turkey, (2) guinea pig, llama, alpaca, Muscovy duck (3) rabbit (4) donkey, (5) taurine cattle, pig, goat, sheep, (6) dromedary, (7) zebu cattle , river buffalo, (8) Bactrian camel, (9) horse, (10) reindeer, (11) yak, (12) pig, (13) chicken, (14) swamp buffalo, (15) Bali cattle.



Outcomes and highlights - Part 1 The state of livestock diversity


• Based on national data in DAD-IS

• Based on document Status and trends of animal genetic resources – 2014


• Will be presented in following presentation in more detail

Figure 1B4. Number of local and transboundary breeds at regional level

International transboundary mammalian

Regional transboundary mammalian breeds

Local mammalian breeds

International transboundary avian breeds

Regional transboundary avian breeds

Local avian breeds



Outcomes and highlights - Part 1 The state of livestock diversity Section C: Flows of animal genetic resources

• International flows continued to expand over recent years, possibly increasing rate of growth

• Exchanges still dominated by North–North and North–South exchanges, importers taking advantage of genetic improvements achieved in the world’s most advanced breeding programmes

• Imports of high-output international transboundary breeds from the North into Southern countries increased

• South–South gene flows - often between small number of neighbouring countries – also significant



State of development • Parts 1, 2, 3, 5 drafted and made available to the ITWG-AnGR8

• Each section ends with changes since 2005, conclusions and/or research priorities

• Currently illustrated with • 112 tables

• 56 figures

• 74 boxes

• 16 sections of Parts 1, 2, 3 reviewed or being reviewed

• Part 4: early drafts of 5 sections prepared

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

Infrastructure Stakeholderparticipation

Education Research Knowledge Awareness Laws Policies Policyimplementation

Implementation oflaws

Scor

es (a

ggre

gate

d)

Africa Asia Europe & the Caucasus Latin America & the Caribbean Near & Middle East North America Southwest Pacific

basic/organizational/operational level strategic Level

0–0.5 0.5–1 1–1.5 1.5–2 2–2.5 2.5–3 Low Medium High

Programmes reported (%)



Score

Buffaloes 31 21 81 1.9 62 1.3 52 1.0Horses 62 47 81 2.1 45 0.9 55 0.9Asses 30 16 50 1.3 38 0.6 25 0.4

Dromedaries 14 5 60 0.8 20 0.3 20 0.3Rabbits 43 20 55 1.2 25 0.6 5 0.1Ducks 43 16 63 1.4 50 0.9 13 0.1

Turkeys 31 12 50 1.0 42 0.6 17 0.2Geese 28 12 67 1.6 42 0.7 8 0.1

Guinea fowls 20 6 67 1.0 33 0.7 17 0.2

Species

Number of countries

reporting on existance of conservation programme

In situ conservationEx situ in vivo conservation

Ex situ in vitro conservationNumber of

countries reporting

breeds

Box 3C2. Dyeing sheep wool naturally in 35 colours: indigenous production systems and associated traditional knowledge – a case from Argentina The women of the Qom ethnic group of the province of Formosa, Argentina, practise artisanal handicrafts using wool from the local sheep, which has traditionally been raised in a “backyard” production system. Because of the coarseness of the wool, the items produced include carpets and tapestries. The women and children take responsibility for managing the small animals, while the men attend to the cattle. The flocks are small. Twice a year, the animals are sheared by the women, who collect the wool and process it according to their needs. For generations, Qom women have preserved local knowledge of how to use natural dyes extracted from bark, roots, leaves, fruits and insects. Efforts have been made to identify the natural resources used by the women throughout the handicraft production chain, with the aim of improving the quality and utilization of these materials, and thereby improving the entire production chain and empowering the women. In this way, 35 colours obtained from natural sources and used to dye fibres have been identified. Phenotypic, production and genetic characterization studies, along with studies of population dynamics, are being undertaken in the local sheep population, whose fleeces possess unique characteristics that make them suitable for the type of fabric production for which they have been used for generations. Women’s associations, in the form of artisan centres, have played a participatory and permanent role in the process, evaluating the impact that the interventions are having on their production activities. They have improved the quality of the craft products, and thereby achieved greater market penetration. The process has also contributed to improving the women’s visibility as new social actors and to strengthening their political involvement and participation. Today, the artisan centres lead the innovation of the production process, transforming an artisanal practice associated with the past and the older generations into an innovative and dynamic livelihood activity that involves young people and opens new employment perspectives for the region’s indigenous communities.

Provided by Sebastián de la Rosa.



Outcomes and highlights - Part 1 The state of livestock diversity


• Based on national data in DAD-IS

• Based on document Status and trends of animal genetic resources – 2014


• Will be presented in following presentation in more detail

Figure 1B4. Number of local and transboundary breeds at regional level

International transboundary mammalian

Regional transboundary mammalian breeds

Local mammalian breeds

International transboundary avian breeds

Regional transboundary avian breeds

Local avian breeds



Outcomes and highlights - Part 1 The state of livestock diversity Section C: Flows of animal genetic resources

• International flows continued to expand over recent years, possibly increasing rate of growth

• Exchanges still dominated by North–North and North–South exchanges, importers taking advantage of genetic improvements achieved in the world’s most advanced breeding programmes

• Imports of high-output international transboundary breeds from the North into Southern countries increased

• South–South gene flows - often between small number of neighbouring countries – also significant



Outcomes and highlights - Part 1 The state of livestock diversity Section C: Flows of animal genetic resources – cont.

• Small number of Southern countries have become suppliers of genetic resources on a wider scale

• Northern countries do not seem to import more genetic resources from the South

• Many countries concerned about effects of international gene flows on the diversity of their livestock populations



Outcomes and highlights - Part 1 The state of livestock diversity Section D: Roles, uses and values of animal genetic resources

• Conclusions presented in first SoW-AnGR remain valid: – while various livestock functions are gradually being replaced by

alternative sources, use of livestock is very diverse – knowledge of roles is often inadequate and this hampers the

development of appropriate management strategies

• Many country reports indicate changes in use of livestock products and services (most frequently mentioned: decline in use of animal power)



Outcomes and highlights - Part 1 The state of livestock diversity Section D: Roles, uses and values of animal genetic resources Priorities

1. obtain better understanding of roles of particular livestock species and breeds in the livelihoods of poor people, taking into account their products, services, roles in risk management, level of input requirement

2. obtain knowledge of livestock’s impacts on functioning of ecosystems (carbon sequestration, regulation of water cycling, maintenance of soil fertility, provision of wildlife habitats)



Outcomes and highlights - Part 1 The state of livestock diversity Section E: Animal genetic resources and resistance to disease

• Inclusion of genetic elements in disease-control strategies is often prudent and effective decision but far from having reached full potential

• Design and implementation of breeding programmes should consider incorporating productivity and disease resistance as primary traits weighted according to their respective economic values



Outcomes and highlights - Part 1 The state of livestock diversity Section E: Animal genetic resources and resistance to disease

Priority: continued research into genetics of resistance and tolerance particularly of breed-wise resistance in developing countries

– phenotypic characterization to confirm anecdotal observations

– development of simple, accurate and cost-effective approaches for routine collection of phenotypic information

– genetic characterization to understand biological mechanisms for observed disease-resistance traits



Outcomes and highlights - Part 1 The state of livestock diversity Section F: Threats to livestock genetic diversity

• Information far from complete

• Majority of breeds classified as “unknown” and even when breeds are monitored, threats mostly unknown

• Relative significance of different threats difficult to assess because they are interacting in most cases

• Difficult to determine whether particular threats more or less prominent since 2005



Outcomes and highlights - Part 1 The state of livestock diversity Section F: Threats to livestock genetic diversity – cont.

• Major problem reported by (in particular developing) countries: – indiscriminate cross-breeding – weakness of AnGR management programmes, policies and institutions – economic and market-related threats – factors that undermine sustainability of smallholder and pastoralist

production systems – degradation of (or lack of access to) natural resources – climate change (needed: information on breed distributions to enable

advanced planning)

– disease epidemics particularly in African countries • Scope for synergies in efforts to promote AnGR-management, livelihood and

environmental objectives

2050 2070



Outcomes and highlights - Part 1 The state of livestock diversity Section G. Livestock diversity and human nutrition

• Genetics major influence on composition of animal-source foods (both primary foods and their products)

• Foods from different animal species and breeds differ in their macronutrient and micronutrient compositions

• Nutritional differences between foods from most widely used livestock species (cattle, pigs, chickens, sheep and goats) relatively well documented



Outcomes and highlights - Part 1 The state of livestock diversity Section G. Livestock diversity and human nutrition – cont.

• Priority: high-quality studies that include all necessary information on

confounding factors, analytical methods used, have a control group for comparison over larger range of species and breeds targeting wider range of nutrients of public-health concern, vitamin and mineral content



Outcomes and highlights - Part 2 Livestock sector trends Section A: Drivers of change in the livestock sector

• Livestock sector is undergoing rapid transformations, driven by demand-side and supply-side factors

• Global demand for animal-source foods expected to continue increasing, met by production from large-scale landless systems

• Meat consumption has expanded very fast in Latin America, but future expansion is expected to be strongest in South Asia and Africa

• South Asia and Africa are projected to be main centres of growth in milk consumption

• South Asia and Africa are very resource-constrained regions with many small-scale livestock keepers and pastoralists



Outcomes and highlights - Part 2 Livestock sector trends Section A: Drivers of change in the livestock sector – cont.

• Physical changes affecting the agro-ecosystems

• Movement of people out of livestock keeping as a livelihood activity and into alternative employment

• Growth of niche markets for various kinds of traditional or ethically produced products

• Increasing use of grazing animals in the management of wildlife habitats



Outcomes and highlights - Part 2 Livestock sector trends Section B: The livestock sector’s response

• Livestock sector in most developing countries far from homogeneous

• Landless industrialized monogastric production systems are expected to continue growing until 2050 especially in developing countries (potentially reaching 85-95% of monogastric production in 2050)

• Mixed farming and grassland production systems continue to provide a substantial proportion of output

• Small-scale commercially oriented producers contribute significantly to meeting growing demand for food of animal-origin

• Livestock continue to play multiple roles in the livelihoods of many poor people



Outcomes and highlights - Part 2 Livestock sector trends Section C: Effects of the changes in the livestock sector on animal genetic

resources and their management

• Growth in demand main is driver of change creating major challenges for the sustainable use of AnGR

• Knowledge of breed characteristics remains inadequate: ensuring that breeds and crosses are well-matched to their environments

• Rapid change may lead to rapid disappearance of the existing role of breeds

… but livestock biodiversity is the resource – to adapt production systems to future changes – source of resilience in face of greater climatic variability



Outcomes and highlights - Part 2 Livestock sector trends Section C: Effects of the changes in the livestock sector on animal genetic

resources and their management

Past and predicted future impacts of the drivers of change on animal genetic resources and their management

Notes: Each country provided a score for the level of past and predicted future impact. The scores were converted into numerical values (none = 0; low = 1; medium = 2; high = 3).



Outcomes and highlights - Part 2 Livestock sector trends SECTION D: Livestock sector trends and animal genetic resources management

– conclusions • Understanding livestock sector trends is a vital element of AnGR management

planning • Policies aimed at supporting the sustainable management of AnGR require

long-term perspective • Increasing number of countries developing national strategies and action

plans for AnGR

Completed and government-endorsed Future priority activity

Completed and agreed by stakeholders Not planned

In preparation No data

Previously endorsed national strategy, action plan is being updated (or new version endorsed)

Preparation is planned and funding identified



Outcomes and highlights - Part 3 The state of capacities Countries with National Coordinator for the Management of Animal Genetic

Resources (as of July 2014) and that submitted country reports

National Coordinator appointed; country report submitted

National Coordinator appointed, country report not submitted

National Coordinator not appointed, country report not submitted



Outcomes and highlights - Part 3 The state of capacities Section A: Institutions and stakeholders

Assessment of institutions and stakeholders at regional level

– state and changes 2005 to 2014

Notes: This comparison is based on the country reports of 109 countries that reported to both the first and second SoW-AnGRs. The date 2005 refers to the year in which the last country reports were submitted during the first reporting process (some reports were submitted as early as 2002). Scores: 0=none; 1=low; 2=medium; 3=high. In 2005, laws and policies were treated as a single category, while in 2014 they were scored separately. The 2014 scores for “laws and policies” and “implementation of laws and policies” shown in the table are averages of the scores for policies and the scores for laws.

2005 2014 ∆ 2005 2014 ∆ 2005 2014 ∆ 2005 2014 ∆ 2005 2014 ∆ 2005 2014 ∆ 2005 2014 ∆

Research 0.8 1.5 0.7 1.4 1.6 0.2 2.1 2.3 0.2 1.6 1.8 0.2 1.2 1.8 0.6 0.8 0.4 -0.4 1.4 1.7 0.3Knowledge 0.7 1.4 0.7 1.3 1.8 0.5 2.2 2.3 0.1 1.6 1.7 0.1 1 1.8 0.8 0.6 1.4 0.8 1.4 1.8 0.4Awareness 0.9 1.1 0.2 1.5 1.7 0.2 2.2 2 -0.2 1.6 1.2 -0.4 1 1 0 0.4 1.2 0.8 1.5 1.5 0Infrastructure 1 1.1 0.1 1.4 1.5 0.1 2.1 2.2 0.1 1.8 1.4 -0.4 1.2 1 -0.2 0.8 0.6 -0.2 1.5 1.5 0Stakeholder participation 0.6 1.1 0.5 1 1.5 0.5 2 2.2 0.2 1.4 1.5 0.1 0.4 0.8 0.4 0.4 1.2 0.8 1.2 1.5 0.3Laws & policies 0.5 1.2 0.7 1.2 1.8 0.6 2 2.4 0.4 1.4 1.1 -0.3 0.8 1.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 0.2 1.2 1.6 0.4Implementation of laws & policies 0.3 1 0.7 0.9 1.5 0.6 1.8 2.3 0.5 1 0.9 -0.1 0.6 0.9 0.3 0.2 0.8 0.6 0.9 1.4 0.5

Africa Asia WorldSouthwest PacificNear & Middle East

Latin America & the Caribbean

Europe & the Caucasus

n = 35 n = 18 n = 109n = 5n = 5n = 16n = 29



Outcomes and highlights - Part 3 The state of capacities Section AB: Characterization, inventory and monitoring

• Major gaps in the coverage of characterization activities and hence major gaps in knowledge about the characteristics of AnGR

• Major gaps in programmes for monitoring trends in breed population and hence the current risk status of many breeds is unknown

• Lack of funding

• Need for institutional framework for the surveying and monitoring of AnGR

• Discrepancy between reported level of regular population monitoring and level of reporting of breed population data at international level

(78% of national breed population figures in DAD-IS not updated over last 4 years)



Outcomes and highlights - Part 3 The state of capacities Section B: Breeding programmes

Implementation of breeding tools

in cattle:

evolution between the first and

the second SoW-AnGR

Note: The figure is based on information provided by

the 35 countries (9 OECD and 26 non-OECD)

that provided the relevant information

in both SoW-AnGR reporting processes.

0

20

40

60

80

100

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ion

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World OECD non OECD

first SoW-AnGR (2005)

second SoW-AnGR (2014)

Percent of national cattle breed populations



Outcomes and highlights - Part 3 The state of capacities Section C: Conservation programmes

State of development of in vitro gene banks for animal genetic resources

Established

Planned

Not established

No data



Outcomes and highlights - Part 3 The state of capacities Section D: Reproductive and molecular biotechnologies

Changes in the level of use of reproductive and molecular biotechnologies since 2005 – regional breakdown

Note: The analysis is based on the 103 countries that provided the relevant information during both the first and the second SoW-AnGR processes.

2005 2014 2005 2014

Africa 34 82 88 20 25 20Asia 12 100 100 8 63 100

Southwest Pacific 5 40 60 4 0 25Europe & the Caucasus 31 100 100 17 82 88

Latin America & the Caribbean 15 93 100 9 100 100North America 1 100 100 1 100 100

Near & Middle East 5 100 100 2 50 50World 103 90 94 61 57 64

Regions

%

Embryo transferArtificial insemination

%n n



Outcomes and highlights - Part 3 The state of capacities Section E: Legal and policy frameworks

Reported progress in the development of legal and policy frameworks since the adoption of the Global Plan of Action for Animal Genetic Resources

Number of country

reports

Comprehensive framework before GPA

adoption

Progress since GPA

adoption

No progress since GPA

adoption Africa 40 10% 18% 72%

Asia 20 10% 40% 50% Europe and the Caucasus 35 54% 26% 20%

Latin America and the Caribbean 18 11% 6% 83% Near and Middle East 7 0% 14% 86%

North America 1 100% 0% 0% Southwest Pacific 7 14% 0% 86%

Total 128 23% 20% 57%



Outcomes and highlights - Part 5 Needs and challenges

Since 2007, importance of genetic resources for food and agriculture, including AnGR, highlighted in several major international initiatives and agreements:

• In 2007: Adoption of Global Plan of Action

• In 2010: Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011–2020, including Aichi Biodiversity Targets

• In 2012: CGRFA adopted indicators measuring – state of implementation: process indicators – outcome in terms of AnGR diversity: resource indicators

• In 2012: Rio+20 International Environmental Summit of Nations agreed post-2015 development agenda succeeding Millennium Development Goals

• In 2014: Nagoya Protocol on Access to Genetic Resources and the Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits Arising from their Utilization entered into force



Outcomes and highlights - Part 5 Needs and challenges

Section A. Challenges posed by livestock sector trends

Section B. Characterization and monitoring

Section C. Sustainable use and development

Section D. Conservation

Section E. Policies, institutions and capacity-building

Part 5 provides needs and challenges based on Parts 1-4

and is mainly aimed at policy makers



Next steps • Finalize draft of Part 4

• Continue management of review process

• Revise sections of Parts 1, 2, 3 based on reviews

• Expand section E and include general adaption

• Review list of additional text boxes (more than 30 invitations pending)

• Produce complete final draft (foreseen for March 2015)

• Receive comments by ITWG-AnGR and CGRFA

• Produce final version for publication

Note: extra-budgetary contribution required for hard copy publication in English and translations to other languages



Acknowledgements Assistant and editor: Dafydd Pilling

Animal Genetic Resources Branch: Irene Hoffmann, Mateusz Wieczorek, Roswitha Baumung, Paul Boettcher, Badi Besbes, Kafia Fassi-Fihri, Umberto Ciniglio and Gregoire Leroy

National Coordinators and their advisory committees from 129 countries

Database loading and analysis: Gianluca Franceschini, Ekaterina Dorodnykh, Karl Morteo and his team

Interns: Claire-Marie Luitaud, Katherine Hall, Tatiana From, Jessica Miller, Bendik Elstad

Authors: Daniel Martin-Collado, Hans Lenstra , Workneh Ayalew, Victor Olori, Santiago Avendaño, Rudolf Preisinger, Tadelle Mirkena, Pieter Knap, Peter Amer, Kor Oldenbroek, Kerstin Zander, Ken Stalder, Juan Manuel Serradilla, Eduardo Manfredi, Harvey Blackburn, Elzbieta Martyniuk, Gustavo Gutierrez, Pablo Orozco-TerWengel, Doris Rittenschober, Adam Drucker, Dan Leskien, Anni McLeod, WIPO team



Acknowledgements Reviewers: Steffen Weigend, Workneh Ayalew, Vlatka Cubric Curik, Vera Matlova, Ruth

Charrondiere, Ramani Wijesinha-Bettoni , Stephen Bishop, Oswin Perera, Oliver Lewis, Olaf Thieme, Joseph L.N. Sikosana, Michèle Tixier-Boichard, Mary Mbole-Kariuki, Marie-Hélène Pinard-van der Laan, Larry Kuehn, Keith Ramsay, Kathiravan Periasam, Jean-Francois Hocquette, Harvey Blackburn, Gigi Manicad, Donagh Berry , Dan Leskien, Chanda Nimbkar, Arthur Mariante, Kor Oldenbroek, Sipke Joost Hiemstra, Harinder Makkar

Contributing textboxes: Yvette De Haas, Tobias Bühlmann, Thi Thuy Le, Tamas Szobolevszki, Talgat Karymsakov, Steve Bishop, Stephane Joost, Sipke Joost Hiemstra, Sajjad Khan, Peer Berg, Olafur Dýrmundsson, N V Phuong, Mr Rekik, Mervi Honkatukia, Maria Rosa Lanari, Loungo Maninki Phiri, Kristaq Kume, Ilse Köhler-Rollefson, Hongjie Yang, Harvey Blackburn, Gemma Henderson, Francisco Javier Navas González, Peta Jones, Elzbieta Martyniuk, Elli Broxham, Dr Pathak, Bédibètè Bonfoh, Cleopas Okore, Catherine Marguerat, Carlos Mezzadra, Bill Lyons, Bess Tiesnamurti, Arthur Mariante, Adam Kade Malam Gadjimi, Jennifer Woodward-Greene, Eirini Kitsara, Sebastián de la Rosa

Donors: Governments of Germany, France, Norway, Spain, Sweden and Switzerland; AU-IBAR (European Union)

…and anybody that I forgot to mention!

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