the role and importance of energy statistics
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Pierre Boileau Head of non-OECD Energy Statistics Section Energy Statistics Division. The Role and Importance of Energy Statistics. Energy Statistics Workshop: Achievements and future challenges Beijing, China, 24 September 2012. Energy = Ability to do useful work. Definition of Energy. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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The Role and Importance of Energy Statistics
Energy Statistics Workshop: Achievements and future challengesBeijing, China, 24 September 2012
Pierre BoileauHead of non-OECD Energy Statistics SectionEnergy Statistics Division
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Definition of EnergyDefinition of Energy
Energy = Ability to do useful work
What is Energy?
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Law of Conservation of EnergyLaw of Conservation of Energy
Energy can neither be created nor destroyed
The total amount of energy in a system remains constant over time
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Any socio-economic category needs statistics to operate. This is also true for energy statistics
Households:
electricity consumption of houses,
heating bills,
mileage of cars,
Utility XYZ
A few examples:
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Any socio-economic category needs statistics to Any socio-economic category needs statistics to operate. This is also true for energy statisticsoperate. This is also true for energy statistics
Company managersEnergy bills, consumption/tonne, where to save
Even truer for energy companies Refinery: throughputs, stocks Electricity generation: fuel input, electricity production
A few examples:
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ImportanceImportance of energy statistics for policy makers
IEA Member countries have an obligation to hold 90 days of stocks (net imports/consumption) Need reliable and timely data on imports, consumption and stocks
OPEC Member countries: production vs quota Need reliable and timely data on production
EU Member countries: obligation to have a minimum share of electricity consumption coming from renewables Need reliable data on renewables
Annex 1 countries to the Conference of Parties: respect of the engagement they have ratified when signing the Kyoto Protocol (70% to 80% of GHG come from fuel combustion) Need reliable data on both supply and demand
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Energy data layout: tracking products and flows
Electricity and heat output
Non-energy use
Other final consumption
Transformation and energy industries own
use
Industry
Transport
Final consumption
Supply
Comparable informationfor all products
Comparable energy units (Mtoe)
Shows how energy flows through the economy
Energy BalanceEnergy Balance
Over 50 energy flows also defined as economic sectors
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Energy data layout: like a financial balance sheet
Electricity and heat output
Non-energy use
Other final consumption
Transformation and energy industries own
use
Industry
Transport
Final consumption
Supply Income
Energy BalanceEnergy Balance
Purchases/Sales
Overhead
Los
ses
Expenses
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National Administrations
National Administrations
MOS
MOS
JODI
JODI
Production
Imports
Exports
Closing Change
Refinery Intake
Crude Oil
Stocks
Petroleum Products
LPG Gasoline KeroseneGas/Diesel
OilFuel Oil Total Oil
Refinery Output
Imports
Exports
Closing Change
Demand
Stocks
M-1M-2M-1M-2
ORGANISATION FORECONOMIC CO-OPERATION
AND DEVELOPMENT
INTERNATIONAL ENERGYAGENCY
COMMITTEE FORENERGY POLICY
UNITED NATIONSSTATISTICAL DIVISION
ECONOMIC COMMISSIONFOR EUROPE
STATISTICAL DIVISION(QUEST/OIL/1/Rev.1)
COMMISSION OF THEEUROPEAN
COMMUNITIES
EUROSTAT
ENERGY UNIT
Attached is the annual questionnaire which provides for the submissionof 2000 data and a revision of 1999 data where applicable.
Administrations are requested to complete the questionnaire at the latest31 October 2001. However, if data are available earlier, please do not
hesitate to send your questionnaire to the Head of Division, EnergyStatistics, Combined Energy Staff, OECD, who will forward the data tothe United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (Geneva). Inaddition, Member States of the European Union and Candidate Countriesare requested to transmit the completed questionnaire to Eurostat, Headof Unit, Energy Statistics, Bâtiment Jean Monnet, Plateau du Kirschberg,
L-2920, Luxembourg.
M-2M-2
25th
25th-1st
GlobalDatabase
Energy Security
Monthly Oil Survey
July 2004www.iea.org
High quality energy statistics are the key High quality energy statistics are the key to sound policy analysisto sound policy analysis
MODS
Oil Market Analysis
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Energy Data Centre
Energy Data Centre
SUSTAINABLE ENERGY POLICY & TECHNOLOGY
SUSTAINABLE ENERGY POLICY & TECHNOLOGY
CHIEF ECONOMISTCHIEF ECONOMIST
ENERGY MARKETS AND SECURITY
ENERGY MARKETS AND SECURITY
GLOBAL ENERGY DIALOGUEGLOBAL ENERGY DIALOGUE
Energy Statistics Energy Statistics The “Heart” of the good analysisThe “Heart” of the good analysis
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But, in early 2000’s quality of energy statistics But, in early 2000’s quality of energy statistics was deterioratingwas deteriorating
Completeness More and more data are estimated More and more data are missing and/or confidential Less and less details, more aggregation (CHP, main activity producers
vs. autoproducers, …)
Quality Efficiency of power plants > 100% Subtotals do not add up to totals Large statistical difference (>20%) Breaks in time series - no revisions in time series “Other sectors” often used as a balancing item
Timeliness More and more time to collect, process, check and release data
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The reasons for decreasing data qualityThe reasons for decreasing data quality
Liberalisation of the market From one company to hundreds
Confidentiality (linked to liberalisation) More work passed to statistics offices: More companies to survey (liberalisation) Renewables (remote information) Energy efficiency indicators (including socio-economic data) Environment (estimation of GHG emissions, ….)
Resources do not follow work load Statistics still have a low profile, budget cuts
Fast turnover in staff: lack of experience, continuity
New developments make the tasks of statisticians much harder
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Not only a lack of resources…Not only a lack of resources…
UN
Secretaria de EnergíaMexico
1995 1996 1997 1998APEC 2653 2903 3087 3134IEA 2741 2872 3062 3109OLADE 2722 2969 3022 3070OPEC 2618 2858 3022 3071UN 2834 2977 3166 3250
Crude Oil Production for Mexico (in kbd)
An obvious need to react at all levels
An obvious need to react at all levels
5% gap5% gap
also a lack of harmonization and co-operation
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Organisations started to react Organisations started to react
At the political level: Several presentations on the situation at the IEA Governing Board Transparency and statistics were also high on the agenda of the
Ministerial Meeting in May 2005
At the technical level: Release of an Energy Statistics Manual (together with Eurostat) Training of statisticians from Member / Non-Member countries A series of meetings with Member countries
Recognition/Commitment/ResourcesRecognition/Commitment/Resources
Expertise/Recognition/CommitmentExpertise/Recognition/Commitment
Creation of the OCG and the InterEnerStatCreation of the OCG and the InterEnerStat
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The momentum was there…..The momentum was there…..
Objectives: To hear from each organisation what they do, what are their
problems and their expectation for more co-operation
To pave the way for more harmonization and for strengthening bilateral and international co-operation
Participants: 24 major regional and international organisations. Both data
providers (IEA, UNSD, OPEC, Eurostat, FAO) and users (WB, IMF, UNFCCC,…)
IEA in consultation with UNSD decided to hold the 1st InterEnerStat meeting (Nov. 2005)
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Two Clear RequestsTwo Clear Requests
Harmonisation
Methodologies
Definitions
Units
Conversion factors
Harmonised demands and questionnaires
Handbooks and manuals
Training
Quality framework
Harmonisation
Methodologies
Definitions
Units
Conversion factors
Harmonised demands and questionnaires
Handbooks and manuals
Training
Quality framework
Co-operation
Raising political awareness
Harmonisation
Joint Questionnaires
Joint Training
Common manuals
Joint quality assessment
Exchange of data
Co-operation
Raising political awareness
Harmonisation
Joint Questionnaires
Joint Training
Common manuals
Joint quality assessment
Exchange of data
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Harmonisation: first step was to collect from Harmonisation: first step was to collect from each organisation its own set of definitionseach organisation its own set of definitions
WORLD BANK
FAO
UN
OPEC
OAPEC
The 2nd step was to assemble them in a transparent way easy to accessThe 2nd step was to assemble them in a transparent way easy to access
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Website presented at InterEnerStat 2Website presented at InterEnerStat 2 (Nov 2007) (Nov 2007)
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From InterEnerStat 2 to InterEnerStat 3From InterEnerStat 2 to InterEnerStat 3
An expert was contracted to: Look at flows and products Highlight similarities and differences Propose a “compromise” definition for each flow/product
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3rd and 4th InterEnerStat meetings3rd and 4th InterEnerStat meetings(Oct 2008 and Nov 2009)(Oct 2008 and Nov 2009)
Expert provided first draft report for harmonised definitions Discussions with international organisations A series of decisions adopted Decisions translated into revised definitions
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Where is InterEnerStat now?Where is InterEnerStat now?
By the end of 2010 all the minor outstanding points were agreed between groups working on InterEnerStat, OCG and IRES.
These definitions will be guidelines to help organisations to arrive to a common understanding of what is a covered by a particular flow or a particular product.
Definitions have been used in the International Recommendations for Energy Statistics manual of the UNSD, which was approved by the Statistical Commission in February 2011…
So, what next ?
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FAO
UN
OPEC
OAPEC
?AFREC
1. One questionnaire: dream or reality ?1. One questionnaire: dream or reality ?
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The Joint IEA/Eurostat Energy Statistics Manual(now available in 10 languages)
Arabic
Farsi
The IRES Manual (UNSD and Oslo City Group)(in cooperation with many organisations and countries)
The Manual on Energy Statistics for Energy Efficiency Indicators (IEA, ODYSSEE, others)
2. Provide better manuals2. Provide better manuals
Manualon
Energy Statisticsfor
Energy Efficiency Indicators
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3. Joint trainings for energy statisticians3. Joint trainings for energy statisticians
Indonesia (in Paris, Nov. 2011) Azerbaijan (in Baku, Sept. 2011) IEA training centre (in Paris, Mar. and Oct. each year) El Salvador (Nov. 2011 for Central American countries) South Africa (in Johannesburg) Energy Community (in Paris) Chinese secondees (11 over 3 years)
Examples of recently conducted training sessions:
The MEDSTAT programme
Regular training for APEC economies (i.e. Bangkok)
Several training sessions including on line training
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A few words to concludeA few words to conclude
Harmonisation will not happen overnight. It needs time, effort, resources and commitment.
The first results have been published that establish the basis for moving further harmonisation forward.
Underlying principle: evolution not revolution. The main objective is to support energy policy and energy analysis.
Thank you