OGT Benchmark: Identify major historical patterns in the domestic affairs of the United States during the twentieth century and explain

their significance.

• The Roaring 20’s• The Great Depression• The New Deal

**The 1920’s is portrayed as an exciting and great time in the history of the U.S. World War I had ended, and it was time to get back to as President Harding would say, “normalcy.” But, not everything was great for everyone in the 1920’s. We will now look at the good and the bad of this decade.

Interesting Topics of the 1920’sWomen’s suffrage/19th Amendment, Prohibition, flappers, jazz/ragtop music, the Harlem Renaissance, gangsters, the Red Scare, Ku Klux Klan, Model-T, Henry Ford, Stock Market Speculation Black Tuesday, Stock Market Crash, Beginning of the Great Depression

The Roaring Twenties

I. Postwar Reaction

• ****The end of war did NOT bring peace to Europe. Europe was torn apart and had many problems. People revolted against their governments

• ***In the U.S. the end of the war led to fear of foreigners and radicals.

• ***The end of the war saw a large amount of labor strikes. Many immigrants lost their factory jobs immediately after the war.

II. The Red Scare

• 1. The Red Scare– A. Bolshevik Revolution in Russia led to fear it

may happen in U.S.

– B. Factories that war supplies closed = immigrants out of work = labor unrest = people saw these people as violent radicals and threats

– C. Fear of communism, political violence, and labor unrest known as THE RED SCARE

2. International Workers of the World (IWW)A. IWW = labor unionB. IWW = influenced by Socialist Party (Communism)

C. IWW = objected WWI and dodged draftD. Seattle, Washington--shipyard strike led to many other strikes in the cityE. U.S. Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer blames IWWF. He tries, convicts and deports many leaders of the IWWG. Most had done nothing wrongH. Palmer also deports many other “radicals” across U.S., even if they did nothing wrong.

3. Sacco and Vanzetti

• Italian immigrants accused, tried, and killed for a crime they probably did not commit.

4. Nativism• Q: What is nativism?

• A: Fear of and antagonism toward foreigners

• B. Americans feared immigrants– 1. Take their jobs

• C. Immigration Restriction League• 1. Had to read in order to get into U.S.• D. National Origins Act of 1924• 1. Reduced quotas• 2. Only 150,000 immigrants per year• 3. Barred Chinese, Japanese, and

Asians

III. The Great Migration and Racial Tensions

• A. The Great Migration– 1. Before war, most African-Americans lived in South

– 2. During war, many migrated north

• a. escape poverty: get jobs in factories making war items• b. escape discrimination

– 3. Examples• a. Cleveland: 300% increase• b. Detroit: 600% increase

• B. Racial Tensions–1. After war, whites came home–2. African-Americans moved into

their neighborhoods–3. whites jobs taken–4. leads to discrimination/violence

• C. Race Riots and Lynchings– 1. Discrimination begins again– 2. many bloody race riots in the city– 3. thousands of lynchings took place

Lynching

• Lynching is a characteristic of mob rule and was not always done on the basis of race. ﾊ American history has always been tinged with race and its mobs have used it as a tactic to persecute African-Americans. ﾊ The Lynching of African-Americans began after the Civil War and in some ways continues to this day.

• D. The “new” Klan• 1. Formed in the South and West• 2. Used terror and violence• 3. Hated:• a. blacks• b. Jews• c. Roman Catholics• d. all “foreigners”• 4. Violence:• a. whipped and killed innocent people• b. burned buildings• c. seldom went to jail• 5. KKK blamed these people for the problems:• a. race riots• b. lack of jobs• 6. The Klan dominated some states and the

government

IV. 19th Amendment• Passed in 1920

• Women’s suffrage--the right to vote

• at first, many women did not vote– politics/voting seen as the husband’s job– votes influenced by their husbands

V. Prohibition

• 18th amendment: Prohibited the manufacture, sale or transportation of alcohol

• everybody broke this law• bootleggers and speakeasies• organized crime. Ex: Al Capone• 21st amendment: repealed the 18th

amendment

VI. Popular Culture and the Harlem Renaissance

• The 1920’s are popularly remembered as a time when people rebelled against decorum and styles. Manners became more relaxed and less formal. Fashion became more comfortable and revealing. Pastimes were deliberately silly and flamboyant. Artists, writers, and musicians experimented with new ideas and styles.

1. The Flapper

Q: What is a flapper? A: A modern young woman who rejected the strict

values of the past and advocated more open attitudes toward lifestyle and fashion.

a. flappers symbolized the new freedom of women (19th amendment passed in 1920)

b. short hair cuts, wore short skirts (past the knee), wore makeup and bright red lipstick

c. most women were NOT flappers, but they became the popular image of the 1920’s

2. The Economy of the 1920’s

• a. many prospered during 1920’s

• b. auto factories employed many

• c. birth of assembly line (Henry Ford)

• d. many items available to buy

• e. ideas formed: marketing, advertising, and selling goods on credit or installment plans

3. Popular Entertainment

• a. Radio– KDKA in Pittsburgh was 1st– NBC and CBS radio began in 20’s– over 10 million had radios by 1930– on radio: presidential results, baseball, classical music,

and soap operasb. Movies-- silent--Douglas Fairbans, Sr, Mary Pickford, and Charlie Chaplin--theaters sprung up--talking movies followed by end of the 1920’s

4. Harlem Renaissance

• a. An area in New York City called Harlem.• b. In Harlem, many African-Americans

became • c. great writers, poets, musicians,

entertainers, and scholars.• d. Langston Hughes and Countee Cullen

were famous poets in Harlem.

5. Music and Dances

• a. Jazz was creative and energetic and always changing.

• b. It started in the South• c. Some famous jazz artists include:• 1. Louis Armstrong• 2. Duke Ellington• 3. George Gershwin• d. New Dances Develop

– “The Charleston” and “The Hug” became popular.

6. Others

• a. Charles Lindbergh flow The Spirit of St. Louis across the Atlantic

• b. Babe Ruth hit 60 home runs in 1 season

• c. many people making money on the stock market

VII. Stock Market Speculation and the Crash of 1929

• a. Many people bought stock and made money• b. People even borrowed to buy stock• c. Many people got rich, so even more bought

stock• d. On October 29, 1929 the stocks lost value.• e. Everyone tried to sell their stocks, but nobody

would buy.• f. People lost everything they had.• g. This started the Great Depression.

OGT Multiple Choice

• 1. Communists were also known as

• A. “Blues”

• B. “Grays”

• C. “Yellows”

• D. “Reds”

OGT Multiple Choice• 2. The “Flappers”

• A. cut their hair short

• B. wore a lot of makeup and red lipstick

• C. wore short skirts

• D. all of the above

OGT Multiple Choice• 3. The emergence of many great African-American writers, poets,

musicians, entertainers, and scholars in the New York City area was

known as the

• A. New York City Renaissance

• B. Harlem Renaissance

• C. Black Renaissance

• D. Manhattan Renaissance

OGT Multiple Choice

• 4. (Practice Test Booklet, 2005) In 1919 the United States ratified the 18th

Amendment, which made the production, selling, and buying of alcoholic

beverages illegal. One of the unintended results of Prohibition was that

• A. people stopped drinking alcohol• B. there was less crime because there

was less drinking• C. there was a growth in organized crime• D. alcohol consumption dropped

considerably

OGT Multiple Choice• 5. (Practice Test Booklet, 2005) During the 19th century women did not hold elected

office, while in the twentieth century there was an increase in the number of women

holding offices at the local, state, and national levels of government. What was the

major reason for this change in women participating in government?

• A. Plessy v. Ferguson Supreme Court decision in 1896• B. Ratification of the 19th Amendment to the

Constitution in 1920• C. Election of John F. Kennedy to the presidency in

1960• D. Passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964

OGT Multiple Choice• 6. (Practice Test Booklet, 2005) The presidential election of 1920 was a

landmark election in United States history because

• A. Warren G. Harding was the first Republican to be elected President.

• B. it was the 1st election in which African-Americans could vote for Pres.

• C. Woodrow Wilson was the 1st president to be elected to a third term

• D. it was the first election in which women could vote for president

OGT Multiple Choice• 7. (Practice Test Booklet, 2005) Which of the following statements most accurately

describes the main reason for the African-American migration of the 1920’s?

• A. The migration wen from south to north to take advantage of the north’s climate

• B. The migration went from south to north because of job opportunities in the northern factories

• C. The migration went from north to south to take advantage of the south’s climate

• D. The migration went from north to south because of job opportunities in the south

OGT Multiple Choice• 8. (Practice Test Booklet, 2005) Select the decade in which

women in the United States got the right to vote:

• A. 1920’s B. 1940’sC. 1960’s D. 1980’s

OGT Multiple Choice• 9. (2005 Practice Test) One effect of widespread suburbanization in the

United States during the 1920’s was

• A. airlines adding routes to new cities.• B. increased reliance upon the

automobile• C. decreased immigration from Europe

and Asia• D. television replacing radio as the most

popular medium.

OGT Multiple Choice• 10. The first solo nonstop flight from

New York to Paris was made by

• A. Charles A. Lindbergh

• B. Ferdinand Morton

• C. Frederick W. Taylor

• D. Amelia Earhart

OGT Multiple Choice• 11. The National Origins Act of 1924 • A. required that all immigrants be able

to read• B. required that all immigrants be able

to speak English• C. raised immigration quotas• D. reduced immigration quotas

OGT Multiple Choice• 12. (Base Test March 2005) One cause of suburbanization in the United

States during the 1920’s was increased

• A. overcrowding and violence in the cities• B. economic opportunities in rural towns• C. emigration from the United States• D. economic reliance upon agriculture

Use the following list to answer question 16.• Key Developments for the • United States in the 1920’s

easy credit and a rise in consumer debt

growing unemployment in key industries such as construction

overproduction and declining farm incomebuying stocks on margin and soaring stock prices

•13. (2005 Practice Test) What was significant about the developments shown above for the

United States in the 1920’s?

•A. They were causes of World War II.

•B. They were signs of difficulties within the U.S. economy

•C. They demonstrated the ability of the Federal Reserve to control the money supply

•D. They led to legislation restricting immigration to the United States.

OGT Multiple Choice

(14. 2005 Practice Test) How did the U.S. Constitution change as a result of the ratification of the 19th Amendment?

• A. The right of suffrage was extended to women.

• B. Freedom of assembly was restricted• C. The power of government decreased• D. Freedom of the press was

strengthened

OGT Multiple Choice• 15. Which of the following was not true about

the 1920’s?• A. Automobiles became very popular• B. Women became less independent• C. Radios brought news and entertainment• D. Young people became attracted to “hot”

jazz and fast cars

OGT Multiple Choice• 16. Bold use of the assembly line in his factories can be credited to

• A. Henry Ford

• B. J.P. Morgan

• C. Andrew Carnegie

• D. John D. Rockefeller

OGT Multiple Choice• 17. (Practice Test Booklet, 2005) During the Red Scare in the United States after

World War I, all of the following happened to immigrants EXCEPT

• A. more than 500 were deported without being charged of crimes

• B. immigration laws were passed permitting a larger number of immigrants to enter the country

• C. two immigrants, Sacco and Vanzetti, were put to death on questionable charges

• D. immigration laws were passed restricting the number of immigrants entering the country

OGT Multiple Choice• 18. Who were the 3 presidents during

the 1920’s?

• A. Wilson, Harding and Coolidge

• B. Harding, Coolidge and Hoover

• C. Wilson, Harding and Hoover

• D. Roosevelt, Coolidge and Hoover

OGT Multiple Choice• 19. The “Roaring Twenties” were

characterized by

• A. jazz music

• B. speakeasies

• C. flappers

• D. all of the above

OGT Short Answer

• Analyze two instances in which the rights of individuals were

restricted for immigrants during the Red Scare. (2 points)

OGT Extended Response

• Women received the right to vote in 1920: (4 points)

• Which amendment gave this right?

• Describe two reasons why women would want this right.

• What was one effect of the passing of this amendment.

OGT Benchmark: Identify major historical patterns in the domestic affairs of the United

States during the twentieth century and explain their

significance.

• The Roaring 20’s

• The Great Depression• The New Deal

• The stock market crash of 1929 ushered in a decade in which millions of people suffered through unemployment and poverty. The nation’s leaders, who were once so optimistic, lost their confidence and became stricken with fear and doubt.

I. Causes of the Great Depression

• Reason #1: Stock market crash

• The price of stock declined a little, and this led to a collapse. People lost all of their money, and this led to the greatest depression in the history of the United States.

Reason #1, cont• Black Thursday• A. October 24, 1929• 1. Prices fell• 2. Everyone sold their stock• B. J.P. Morgan and Co.• 1. Bought $30 million in stocks• 2. Bought stocks at higher prices• 3. Prices went back up• 4. Things stable again

Reason #1, cont.The Great Crash• A. Tuesday, October 29, 1929• 1. Worst day of all• 2. Prices fell steeply• B. U.S. Steel stock• 1. Sept. 3 = $262/share• 2. Nov. 12 = $150/share• ***Many stocks decreased to half of its value

Reason #2: The unequal distribution of wealth

• The unequal distribution of wealth• A. A few people actually had money• 1. They spent a lot during the 1920’s• B. The rest were barely getting by• C. When stock market crashed, the rich stopped• spending• D. Inventories piled up• 1. cars• 2. refrigerators• 3. radios• E. People lost jobs• F. Downward spiral

Reason #3: Countries owed us money for WWI

• Countries owed us money from the war

• 1. We lent them money

• 2. We were paying ourselves our own money!

Reason #4: Credit and Margin Loans

• A. People got loans to buy stocks

• B. THIS WAS A BIG GAMBLE!

• C. Businesses used money to buy stock instead of

machines and factories!

II. Effects of the Great Depression

• 1. U.S. Economic output decreased by 50% in just 3 years

• 2. farm income went down/crop prices decreased

• 3. farmers started destroying crops to try to force prices up

• 4. railroads, mining, and lumber industries declined

Effects, continued• 5. construction projects and auto purchases

declined

• 6. 1933: 1/4 unemployed

• 7. others had wages cut

• 8. soup kitchens and bread lines

• 9. Hoovervilles and Hoover flags

Effects, continued• 10. Vicious cycle:

• Consumer spending decreased = demand for goods decreased = production of goods decreased = businesses laid off employees = people had no money to spend

Effects, continued

• 11. Banking and credit

– a. people lost their money: could not pay bank loans

– b. many had borrowed to buy cars, equipment, and to gamble in the stock market

– c. 1920-33: 9000 banks closed

Effects, continued

• 12. Too many bank runs--people lined up at the banks to clear their accounts

• a. Hundreds of banks failed

• b. People lost their life savings

• --lost retirement

• --lost money saved for a house

• --lost money saved for college

III. The Dust Bowl

• severe drought in Great Plains (Oklahoma, Kansas, New Mexico, Texas, Colorado)

• began in 1931• crops dried up and died• “Black Blizzards”: dust storms• this continued for several years• tons of soil lost from the dust storms (Trees

and grass roots used to keep soil in place, but they had been cut in order to make more farm land)

The Dust Bowl, cont.• Oklahoma woman described the living conditions:• “In the dust-covered desolation of our No Man’s

Land here, wearing our shade hats, with handkerchiefs tied over our faces and Vaseline in our nostrils, we have been trying to rescue our home from the wind-blown dust, which penetrates wherever air can go. It is almost a hopeless task, for there is rarely a day when at some time, the dust cods do not roll over. Visibility approaches zero and everything is covered again with a slit-like deposit, which may vary in depth from a film to actual ripples on the kitchen floor.”

The Dust Bowl, cont.--millions forced to leave homes

--By 1940: 2.5 million had left

--200,000 went to California

--One Kansan said:“The land just blew away; we had to go somewhere”

IV. Attempts to Alleviate the Depression

• A. Herbert is President from 1928-1932--he did not believe the government should give hand outs

• B. At first, the government did nothing• “Let the slump liquidate itself.”• C. Called for the cities and states to feed the hungry• D. Brought in business owners• 1. keep wages up• 2. keep factories working• E. Cut income tax (Similar to what George W. Bush

did in 2003)

Attempts, cont

• F. The Bonus Army– 1. 1924: Congress: all veterans will get a bonus to

be paid to all veterans in 1945– 2. Veterans want money NOW!– 3. They marched to Washington, D.C. to protest– 4. Pres. Hoover had the army remove the protestors– 5. Public infuriated: VETS were being kicked out of

D.C.!!!

V. Hoover’s Attempts to Help• A. The Great Depression did not end quickly. Hoover came up with a plan

to get us out of the depression:

• 1. Agricultural Marketing Act: The government would buy farm products so the farmers could make some money. This plan failed, and farm prices continued to decline.

• 2. Reconstruction Finance Corporation: loaned money to banks, railroads, and insurance companies.

• 3. Federal works programs: The government paid people to build dams, roads and buildings.

• 4. Moratorium: Told foreign countries they did not have to pay back war debts to the U.S. They could then use this money to buy U.S. goods.

OGT Multiple Choice

• 1. All of the following were causes of the Great Depression except

• A. the stock market crash• B. the uneven distribution of income• C. the high unemployment of the 1920’s• D. the fact that other countries did not pay us

for the costs of World War I

OGT Multiple Choice• 2. All of the following were effects of the

depression except• A. millions of unemployed people• B. malnutrition in children• C. bank runs• D. increased college enrollments

OGT Multiple Choice

• 3. Hoover’s methods for dealing with the depression included all of the following except

• A. tax cuts• B. moratorium• C. direct relief programs• D. federal works programs

OGT Multiple Choice

• 4. Putting down a small amount of cash to buy shares of a stock is known as

• A. percentage buying

• B. mania buying

• C. buying on margin

• D. buying on time

OGT Multiple Choice• 5. In 1932 a march on Washington was

made by a group of unemployed veterans called

• A. Coxey’s Army

• B. Hoover’s Army

• C. the Bonus Army

• D. the Bogus Army

OGT Multiple Choice• 6. What happened on Black Tuesday?• A. the price of stocks dropped as many

people began selling their stock• B. the price of stock stayed the same most of

the day• C. the price of stocks went up as most

people wanted to buy stocks• D. the price of stocks dropped as most

people wanted to sell their stock

OGT Multiple Choice• 7. Shantytowns of the suddenly poor

were known as

• A. Hoovervilles

• B. Bust Towns

• C. Dust Bowls

• D. Povertyvilles

OGT Multiple Choice• 8. Putting down a small amount of cash

to buy shares of a stock is known as

• A. percentage buying

• B. mania buying

• C. buying on margin

• D. buying on time

OGT Multiple Choice• 9. As a result in stock market gambling,• A. Americans borrowed heavily to bet on

stocks.• B. businesses put their cash into margin

loans rather than into new machines and factories.

• C. the connection between the real value of companies and their stock prices was reduced.

• D. all of the above

OGT Multiple Choice• 10. The stock market “crash” refers to all of

the following EXCEPT:• A. the failure of people to repay loans for

stock bought on credit• B. the huge drop in the value of stocks• C. the inflated value of many stocks• D. millions of shares of stock being traded in

one day

OGT Multiple Choice• 11. The stock market crash was the

beginning of

• A. The Great Depression

• B. World War I

• C. The Roaring Twenties

• D. World War II

OGT Multiple Choice• 12. Which of the following was not a cause of

the Great Depression?• A. too many stocks being bought on credit• B. unequal distribution of wealth• C. excessive stock speculation• D. government overspending

OGT Multiple Choice• 13. Which man was President of the

U.S. when the stock market crashed?

• A. Calvin Coolidge

• B. Warren G. Harding

• C. Theodore Roosevelt

• D. Herbert Hoover

OGT Multiple Choice• 14. One of the causes of the Great Depression was

an uneven distribution of income in the United States. What is the best explanation of “uneven distribution of income?

• A. When a country has too many rich people.• B. When a large percentage of people own most

of the money in a country.• C. When everybody who lives in a country pretty

much has the same amount of money• D. When a small percentage of people have a

large amount of the money in a country.

OGT Multiple Choice• 15. When the stock market crashed, there

was a mad rush to the banks as many people wanted to get all of their money out of the bank. This was done for fear the banks were running out of money. This mad rush was called

• A. money runs• B. bank hold ups• C. bank runs• D. margin runs

OGT Extended Response• By the end of the 1920’s many people had lost

their life savings.

• A. Identify what happened when the stock market crashed. (1 point)

• B. Explain 2 reasons why the stock market crash negatively effected the economy. (2 points)

• C. What was President Hoover’s response to the stock market crash? (1 point)

OGT Extended Response

• (Practice Test Booklet 2005) During the 1920’s many people were gambling in the stock market. Not only did people use their own money, they also borrowed money to invest in the stock market. Many people made a lot of money during the 1920’s by investing in the stock market.

• A. Identify two ways in which people made money by playing the stock market. (2 points).

• B. Explain how buying stocks on margin may have led to the stock market crash of 1929. (2 points)

OGT Extended Response• October of 1929 marked the beginning of the

time period known as the Great Depression. This depression was “great” because it lasted so long and was so severe. There was not one cause that led us into this terrible time.

• A. Give 2 causes of the Great Depression. (2 points)

• B. What were two effects of the Great Depression? (2 points)

OGT Benchmark: Identify major historical patterns in the domestic affairs of the United

States during the twentieth century and explain their

significance.

• The Roaring 20’s • The Great Depression

•The New Deal

I. Election of 1932• Herbert

Hoover• Republican• “Prosperity is

just around the corner.”

• If FDR wins: end of capitalism

• FDR • “New Deal”• Increase federal

relief• “Happy Days are

Here Again”

Election, continued• 1. FDR wins in a landslide (57% of

popular vote)

• 2. Democrats win in both houses of Congress

• 3. This allowed FDR to pass a lot of bills---the “NEW DEAL!”

II. FDR• A. Franklin D. Roosevelt wins election in 1932. He

told Americans “the only thing we have to fear is fear itself.”

• B. Roosevelt had a plan to get us out of the Depression. He called it the New Deal.

• C. FDR was a winner with good character--smiled• a lot• D. Had polio--was in a wheelchair• E. Distant cousin of Teddy Roosevelt• F. Only President to ever win 4 terms in office

FDR, continued• ***Roosevelt was willing to try ANYTHING to get us out of

the depression. The following were all passed in the first 100 days of his presidency.

• The Brain Trust: A group of FDR’s closest advisors. Together, they came up with many of the New Deal Programs.

• “Fireside Chats”--FDR used the radio to speak with the American people

• John Maynard Keynes--Felt the government should spend money instead of cutting back. The government should lower taxes, spend money, and purposely run up large deficits. This would keep people working and put more money into the economy. THIS WAS DIFFERENT!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

III. The Hundred Days

•A. March 9 to June 16•B. A lot of New Deal Legislation

passed•C. 3 R’s

– 1. Relief: give people money and items NOW

– 2. Recovery: of American business and industry

– 3. Reform: the economic system

The Hundred Days, cont.

Emergency Banking Relief Act (March 9)

Good banks could reopen. President has a lot powers over banks.

Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) (March 31)

hired young people to plant trees and build roads.

US abandons gold standard (April 19)

Causes a decline in the exchange value of the dollar abroad and an increase in the prices of stocks and silver in the American exchanges

Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) (May 12)

Paid farmers to grow fewer crops in order to reduce the supply and raise farm prices.

Federal Emergency Relief Act (May 12)

loaned millions of dollars to families for food, shelter, and clothes.

Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)

(May 18)

Built dams and power plants in the Tennessee Valley region to control flooding and promote the economic developent of the area.

Federal Securities Act (May 27)

set rules about selling stocks and bonds.

National Employment System Act (June 6)

Established U.S. Employment Service, which provided matching funding for state employment services

Home Owners Refinancing Act (June 13)

Set up refinancing for mortgages

Banking Act (June 16) Set up the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)

National Industrial Recover Act (NIRA) (June 16)

***Later ruled unconstitutional by the Supreme Court

Gave workers right to form unions, set up minimum wage, max work hours, prices, production, and competition. Est. the National Recovery Administration (NRA) and the Public Works Administration (PWA), which paid people to build roads and public buildings.

Emergency Railroad Transportation Act (June 16)

Increased federal regulation of the RRs.

Farm Credit Act (June 16)

Provided refinancing of farm mortgages.

IV. Critics of the New DealA. Conservatives: Business felt this would end

capitalism. Felt New Deal did way too much to help people--free handouts

B. Liberals: Felt New Deal not enough help

C. Huey Long: US Sen. from Louisiana. 1. “Share-the-Wealth”: increase tax on rich 2. have minimum yearly income for everyone 3. He took plan to people4. wanted to run for President 5. assassinated in Sept. 1935

V. Second New Deal

A. 1st New Deal helpedB. Needed more

1. Works Progress Administrationa. gave jobs to 2 million Americansb. construction jobs: airports, bridges,

highways, and public buildingsc. employed artists, writers, and musicians

C. Social Security• 1. established income-support for

American workers and families

• a. tax for workers and employers

• b. Provides pensions and insurance

D. National Labor Relations Act

• Gave workers the right to start unions. The government now was siding with workers over business.

E. The Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO)

• started a union of skilled AND unskilled workers

• CIO broke from the A F of L

• later in history these 2 reunited to form AFL-CIO.

VI. FDR and the Supreme Court

• A. The Supreme Court felt much of the New Deal was unconstitutional. Most of the Supreme Court justices were very old.

• B. When the old justices retired, Roosevelt replaced them with younger men who liked the New Deal.

FDR and SC, continued• C. Feb. 1937: Court packing• 1. FDR wants 15 S.C. justices• 2. Reason: behind in work• D. S.C. had continued to strike down New Deal• E. FDR wants more justices• 1. They would vote for his New Deal

programs

VII. Did the New Deal Work?• A. People still out of work• B. Saved America• 1. no civil war• 2. no dictator• 3. spirits stayed high• ***New Deal got us through the toughest time in

American history (excluding wars).

• ***The U.S. did not get out of depression until World War II, when all of the factories were making war materials.

OGT Multiple Choice

• 1. Social Security provided for

• A. old-age insurance

• B. public assistance

• C. unemployment insurance

• D. all of the above

OGT Multiple Choice

• 2. The purpose of the WPA was to

• A. help business• B. reestablish confidence in the

banking system• C. provide immediate financial aid to

farmers• D. provide work for the able-bodied

unemployed

OGT Multiple Choice

• 3. (Practice Test Booklet, 2005) The Great Depression has had a great influence on the

United States economy because it

• A. marked a return to laissez faire economic policies

• B. reduced government involvement in the nation’s economy

• C. shifted the nation’s wealth from the rich to the poor

• D. increased the role of government in the nation’s economy

OGT Multiple Choice• 4. (Practice Test Booklet 2005) Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal was an example

of

• A. using the government to try to solve the problems caused by the Great Depression

• B. limiting the government so that the economy could have a chance to improve on its own

• C. using the government to overturn a capitalist system that had failed

• D. providing assistance only to the very wealthy in the hope that everyone would benefit

OGT Multiple Choice• 5. FDR’s often spoke to the public over the radio.

These were commonly known as

• A. Fireside chats

• B. Burning talks

• C. Radio addresses

• D. Talk radio

OGT Multiple Choice• 6. The “hundred days” was the time period• A. between FDR’s election and the first

inauguration• B. immediately following FDR’s first

inauguration• C. concluding FDR’s first term• D. immediately following FDR’s second

inauguration

OGT Multiple Choice

• 7. ______ All of the following were part of Hoover’s plan to get us out of the depression except

• A. Agricultural Marketing Act• B. Reconstruction Finance Corporation• C. Moratorium• D. Social Security

OGT Multiple Choice• 8._____ Who said “The only thing we

have to fear is fear itself.”

• A. Herbert Hoover

• B. John Maynard Keynes

• C. Franklin D. Roosevelt

• D. Phil Hellmuth

OGT Extended Response

• The Great Depression and the New Deal are two of the major themes

of the 1930’s. (4 points).

• Explain two causes of the New Deal.

• Explain two effects of the New Deal.

OGT Extended Response• The Great Depression and the New

Deal are two of the major themes of the 1930’s. (4 points)

• Explain two causes of the Great Depression.

• Explain two effects of the Great Depression.

THE END

• NEXT, WE WILL LOOK AT WORLD WAR II.