The Road to Revolution

Unit 2

The Thirteen ColoniesFrom 1607 – 1732, the British government will authorize the founding (start) of thirteen colonies in North America.The colonies will be divided by geographical location into three distinct regions – New England, Middle and South

The 13 Colonies

New York moment – From Dutch to EnglishNew York was originally a Dutch colony

founded in 1613 and was know as New Netherland. By 1647, it will be directed by Peter Stuyvesant..

In 1664, an English fleet will sailInto New Amsterdam and seize the city and the whole colony.New Netherland will be renamed New York and New AmsterdamWill become NYC.TAI? – Why would the Dutch give up the colony so easily?

New Netherland – The Dutch in NY

Labor in the ColoniesIndentured Servants – had the fee for their

journey paid for by another and in return was contracted to work for that person for a period of up to seven years. Once the time was up, they were free to go.

African Slaves – The first Africans brought to the New World to be used as slaves arrived in Jamestown in1619.

TAI? – What were the major differences between an indentured servant and an African slave?

The African Slave TradePortuguese, Spanish and English all

involved – England outlaws slavery in 1833 and starts patrolling the waters off the coast of Africa to prevent slave ships from operating.

TAI? –

Where

did the

majority

of African

slaves

arrive?

The Middle PassageThe journey of African slaves was often

very difficult. Denied the basic necessities of life, Africans were chained together and packed onto slave ships for the journey across the Atlantic to the America’s.

Slavers used two methods of “packing” slaves – tight pack and loose pack . TAI? - What do you think this meant?

Life Aboard a Slave ShipWhile watching – record three details about the slave trade industry.

Triangular Trade

Triangular Trade

British MercantilismIn order to make huge profitsfrom the colonies, Britain wouldtake the raw materials that the colonies had, bring them to England and turn them into manufacturedgoods. They would then sell thosegoods to the colonies for huge profits.Colonies provided an outletto sell a nation’s goods.TAI? – What would prevent the colonists from

importing manufactured goods from other countries?

European ColonizationSpain, Russia, England and France competed for control of N. America.

The competition for newcolonies often caused frictionbetween different nations.

TAI? – Why were European nations so competitive?

The Albany Plan of UnionIn June 1754 delegates

from most of the northern colonies and representatives from the Six Iroquois Nations met in Albany, New York. There they adopted a "plan of union" drafted by Benjamin Franklin of Pennsylvania.

Under this plan each colonial legislature would elect delegates to an American continental assembly presided over by a royal governor.

TAI? – What do you believe to be the meaning of the flag to the right?

French And Indian WarIn the 1750’s, tension betweenEngland and France willincrease due to land disputes.The tension will lead to TheFrench and Indian War (1754-1763). American colonists aided by British soldiers and Native allieswill fight Canadian colonists, French soldiers and their Native allies.

The French and Indian War 1754-1763

Treaty of Paris - 1763After seven years of fighting, the British and French will meet in Paris to sign a treaty to end the French and Indian War. This will be known as the Treaty of Paris (1763)The treaty is favorable to the British as the French will lose most of their land holdings in North America.

Proclamation

Act of 1763

Record on notesheet:Why American colonists were angry:1.Had to stay out of the newly won lands.2.Had to pay taxes to pay for the war.3.Had to pay taxes to have British troops patrol the new lands.

However, land was given to British soldiers who fought in

the F+I WarTo every Person having the Rank of a Field

Officer—5,000 Acres.To every Captain—3,000 Acres. To every Subaltern or Staff Officer—2,000

Acres. To every Non-Commission Officer—200

Acres. To every Private Man—50 Acres TAI? – Why might

the giving of lands in N. America to British soldiers upset American colonists?

The FUN Begins for American Colonists – taxes, taxes, taxes and more taxesIn order to pay the costs of the French and

Indian War, King George III places a series of different taxes on the American Colonies.

Colonists are split over the taxation, some are supportive of the King, while others are angered by the taxation as the colonies lacked representation in British Parliament.

Those colonists who remain loyal to the King become known as Loyalists, while those opposed to the King take on the name Patriots!

The Sugar ActPassed by British Parliament on April 5, 1764The Sugar Act reduced the rate of tax on

molasses. The act also listed more foreign goods to be taxed including sugar, certain wines, coffee, pimiento, cambric and printed calico, and further, regulated the export of lumber and iron.

The tax on molasses caused the almost immediate decline in the rum industry in the colonies.

The situation disrupted the colonial economy by reducing the markets to which the colonies could sell, and the amount of currency available to them for the purchase of British manufactured goods.

The Sugar Act - 1764 TAI? Why did colonists object to the tariffs?

The Stamp ActPassed by the British Parliament on March 22,

1765The new tax was imposed on all American

colonists and required them to pay a tax on every piece of printed paper they used. Ship's papers, legal documents, licenses, newspapers, other publications, and even playing cards were taxed.

The money collected by the Stamp Act was to be used to help pay the costs of defending and protecting the American frontier near the Appalachian Mountains (10,000 troops were to be stationed on the American frontier for this purpose).

The Stamp Act - 1765

The Sons of LibertyStarted by a small group of colonists in 1765

who were angered by the Stamp Act.By the end of 1775 the Sons of Liberty will

have chapters in every colony.The Sons would try to stay away from violence

and use non-violent ways to show their disgust of British laws (for example, hang likenesses of people in city streets, harass tax collectors and other non-violent things).

One of the leading Sons of Liberty was Samuel Adams.

Sons of LibertyIdentify the two main leaders of the Sons of Liberty.

The Townshend ActPassed by British Parliament on June 29,

1767.The act placed taxes on glass, paint, oil,

lead, paper, and tea in order to raise money for the administration of the colonies.

The act further enhanced the hostile relationship between the colonists and England.

Charles Townshend – British politician and the author of the Act

The Boston Massacre March 5, 1770The Boston Massacre was a street fight that

occurred between a "patriot" mob, throwing snowballs, stones, and sticks, and a squad of British soldiers.

Several colonists were killed, including Crispus Attucks a black sailor.

This led to a campaign by speech-writers to stir up anti-British emotions in the colonies.

The Boston Massacre – 1770Facts + Fiction

And more taxes – The Tea ActPassed by Parliament on May 10, 1773The act was not intended to raise revenue in the

American colonies, and in fact imposed no new taxes.

It was designed to increase sales for the East India Company which was doing poorly financially and had eighteen million pounds of unsold tea.

This tea was to be shipped directly to the colonies, and sold at a bargain price.

The direct sale of tea, via British agents, would also have undercut the business of local merchants.

The Boston Tea PartyThe Boston Tea Party of December 16,

1773, took place when a group of Massachusetts Patriots, protesting the monopoly on American tea importation recently granted by Parliament to the East India Company, seized 342 chests of tea in a midnight raid on three tea ships and threw them into the harbor.

It took nearly three hours for more than 100 colonists to empty the tea into Boston Harbor. The chests held more than 90,000 lbs. (45 tons) of tea, which would cost nearly $1,000,000 dollars today.

The Boston Tea Party - 1773

The first Continental Congress

The first Continental Congress met in Philadelphia, from September 5, to October 26, 1774.

All of the colonies except Georgia sent delegates.The first few weeks were consumed in discussion

and debate. The colonies had always, up to this time, acted

independently. They now had to act together.It was agreeable to all that the King and

Parliament must be made to understand the grievances of the colonies.

It was decided to meet again in one year to gauge the King’s reaction to their complaints.

The first Continental Congress Sept. – Oct. 1774

Thomas Paine + “Common Sense”Paine wrote Common Sense in January of 1776It was a 47 page pamphletIt was published anonymouslyIt argued that citizens, not kings and queens, should

make lawsIt sold over 500,000 copies throughout the coloniesIt will change the way many viewed the kingIt will persuade people, who were undecided about

supporting the king, to join the side of the PatriotsTAI? Why would Paine wish to remain

anonymous?

Thomas Paine + Common Sense