the re- physicalization of physics by albrecht giese hamburg, germany puebla 2008

www.ag-physics.org 1

The Re-Physicalization of Physics

byAlbrecht Giese

Hamburg, Germany

Puebla 2008

1



Contents

Problems of Present Physics

Changing to Reality Physics

Historical Background of the present paradigm

• General: Reductionism

• Example: Fermat’s Principle

• Example: Special Relativity

• Example: General Relativity

• Example: Origin of Mass


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Contents










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Quantum GravityString theory? 10500 solutions

Cosmological constants: 10100 Uni-(Multi)verses necessary?

Inflation: Increase of scale by 1050

Gravity: Dark Matter, Dark Energy, Pioneer anomaly

L. Susskind (2006):

Present physics is at a dead end to such an extend,

that we ought to go back 2500 years – before Aristotle

and start again from the beginning!



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Contents










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Newton's Law of Motion:

Newton's Gravity:

Galileo's Free Fall:

Reductionism

Physical Description

Physical Description –is physical law for Layer 0

2*21 tax

2*RMGa

2*21 tah

Physical Description –is physical law for Layer -1

Einstein?

?

?

Layer 0

Layer -1

Layer -2


‘

?


Reductionism truncated

Theory of Relativity

Relativity PrincipleEquivalence Principle

Origin of Relativity

X

Quantum Theory

Particle-Wave-DualismVacuum Fluctuations …

Origin of Particle-WaveTrue structure of particles

X


?

Layer 0

Layer -1

Layer -2

Einstein: Heisenberg et al.:

X

!‘

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Contents










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www.ag-physics.org /structure 9

c1

c2

c1> c2

Fermat: The Principle of minimum time

‘


9

=

2

1

sinsin

cc


Superposition of waves

Minimum time

Reductionism for Fermat

Fermat’s Principle

Huygen’s Principle

Interaction of photons with matter

Electromagnetism

Layer 0

Layer -1

Layer -2


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We can understand the way down from Fermat to Electromagnetism as a way from a principle to Physical Reality ‘


Contents










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Reductionism applied for Special Relativity

Relativity Theory: Lorentz Transformation

Contraction of fieldsSlow down of oscillations

Structure of fieldsStructure of elementary particles


Layer 0

Layer -1

Layer -2

Einstein: Reality physics

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tvxx ii ' )(' tvxx ii )(' tvxx ii )(' tvxx ii

Galilei-transformationtvxx ii ' (i=1..3)

Extended Galilei-transformation)(' tvxx ii (i=0..3; x0=ct)

(c‘=c; Relativity Principle)

Lorentz Transformation using2211 cv

Structure of sub-particles …

Layer 0

Layer -1

Layer -2

Layer -3

Einstein has interpreted this result as a change of space and time

X


The Elements of Special Relativity

• Contraction

• Dilation

• Increase of Mass

• Energy-Mass Relation

‘

2cmE


Lorentz

Structure of matter

Origin of mass

13


Contraction: Contraction of fields of objects

was given by Hendrik Lorentz

2

2

1/1cv

ddd *1'

- is a general property of all kinds of fields -

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Internal oscillation causes ‘matter waves’frequency: h/E

Structure of an Elementary Particle:History of the internal motion

1908: J. Ziegler Motion at c within an ‘atom’


1924: L. de Broglie

1928: P. Dirac Relativistic QM-function of the electron:

1930: E. Schrödinger Evaluation of the Dirac Function: t

txitxH

),(),(

tHpcxtx kkk12)0()(

)1)()0((21 211 iHt

kk eHcpcHi c

zitterbewegung ‘

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“Zitterbewegung” (Schrödinger) Completed Structure of an Elementary Particle:

h/E

0m

cv

‘

No conflict with the electron experiments

(de Broglie 1924)

(Dirac / Schrödinger 1928/30)

(Relativity)

2N (Momentum law)

orbit (Spin, mag. moment)


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Dilation:

222 vcq Pythagoras

cRT 2

qRT 2'

2

2

1/1'cv

qc

TT i.e. the Lorentz-Factor

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Contents










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www.ag-physics.org /rmass 19

The Origin of Mass: Bind of the Basic Particles

‘

302

rrrqKF


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Bind of the Basic Particles

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32

rrqKF

Fr

rF


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The Mass Equation

The Basic Particle Model : Origin of Mass

‘

cRm

2cmE RcRchhE 2

The classical magnetic moment:

Rec 021

302

rrrqKF

2

1cr

CaF

2cr

1CaFm

Or both equations combined: me

21 0 = Bohr magneton in case of the electron

universally valid for all elem. particles

Radius R computed from the magnetic moment and then inserted above the correct mass m

universal for all elem. particles!


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Mass and Increase of Mass

Relativity: Origin of Mass

‘

Relativistic increase of mass: From

cRm

2cmE RcRchhE 2

R'RR mmm '

Spin:cR

m

cRm

Classical angular momentum

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Putting the object to motion: 2cdmdE

302

rrrqKF

2

1cr

CaF

2cr

1CaFm


22

2cmE

2/rR


The Origin of Mass Existing Models

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Higgs Boson

Higgs ModelBasic Particle Model

Vacuum fluctuations

Higgs Boson


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Equivalence Principle:Mass Energy Gravity Acceleration

Reductionism for General Relativity

Schwarzschild-Equation

Slow down of ‘c’ Contraction of fieldsSlow down of oscillations

Interaction of Basic Particles with the Strong Field


Layer 0

Layer -1

Layer -2

Einstein: Reality physics

‘

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tvxx ii ' )(' tvxx ii )(' tvxx ii )(' tvxx ii

(spherical field)

Structure of sub-particles …

Layer 0

Layer -1

Layer -2

Layer -3

Einstein has interpreted this result as a change of space and time

Einstein Equation

ababab Tc

GgRR 4

821

222222

2222 sin1

)1( drdrrr

drdtcrr

dcs

s

Schwarzschild-Equation22222

22222 sin

1)1( drdr

rrdrdtc

rr

dcs

s

X

www.ag-physics.org /gravity 26

The Shapiro-Experiment:

‘

c

c

P

crMGcrc

20

0 21)( P=1/2 or 1 depending on direction


26

Einstein‘s view: this is a seeming reduction of c


The gravitational field of the sun:

The application of classical refraction yields for the vertex: 2rMGa

‘

Now: Acceleration at rest!!

P

crMGcrc

20

0 21)(

P=1/2 or 1 depending on direction


Integrating deflection from – to + yields: 1.75 arcsec …. with Newton: 0.88 arcsec

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This was the great breakthrough for Einstein in 1919 (Solar eclipse)!!

Einstein‘s view: the path ís straight but the space is curved


Elementary Particle in a Gravitational Field (with Vertical Axis):

‘ Gravit.Source

c

c

No dependency of the mass!


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2rMGa


Why is ‘c’ reduced?

Averagespeed

< c

‘Reduction of c independent of Radius independent of mass

--> by the perturbed path of a light-like particle


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Force is the Strong Force

This solves Quantum Gravity!


Deflection quantitatively

‘

Deflection (cross speed) depends on original rate, entropy, distance

distance2r1

original rate Nentropy r

(number of

sources)

Single deflections add on in a statistical manner:

Cross speed rNgv x 4

Now the reduction of ‘c’:2

x2

0eff vcc

20

2x

0eff cv1cc

effc

0cxv

20

0eff crNg41cc


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Deflection quantitatively (2)

‘

effc

0cxv2

00eff cr

Ng41cc

Conforms to Einstein / Schwarzschild (except for N)

...)crNg(

21

crNg21cc 2

20

20

0eff

)crNg21(cc 20

0eff

rNg

2

)(r

cceff

10


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Changes of space and time?

‘

T = Period time

Tdc

cr

c P

)1(

d

In the gravitational field the quantities change

to:

Tdc

Tr

TP

2

1

)1( (from experiments)

dr

dP

21

)1(

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(with , and

reordered)

The way to Schwarzschild

‘

222

2 cdtxd

dtdc

Special relativity:

ctx0

(from Lorentz transformation)

2222120 crr)

r1(x)

r1(

22

22

ddtc

dxdc

(if mult. by (dt/d)2)

223,2,1

20 cxx ddxx

222220 c)rr(x (transformed to polar co-ordinates)

Gravity ON:

21)r

1(

222220 c)rr(x

with r)r

1(r 21

(Schröder 9.16)


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Contents










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A specific German grammar-schoolcalled “Humanistic Gymnasium”

was standard for intelligent young people until the middle of 20th century

It was mainly related to the ancient Greek philosophy

• Plato

• Aristotle

• …

and the ability for abstract thinking meant a high value


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The structural world of Plato:

‘

Newton:Fout = Fin


Fout Plato:Circuit is structural rule

W. Heisenberg: “Quantum mechanics can only be correct if it conforms to the structure ideas of Plato”

Fin

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The point of abstraction:

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Object-related: There are applesAbstraction-related: There is an application of the number of 10

10!

Einstein has learned at school: A person is higher-minded if abstraction-related

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Einstein was impressed by the “Beauty of the GR-Formalism”

FFgFFT

41

41

ababab Tc

GgRR 4

821


Which way to develop physics?


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Present Paradigm:Following Plato, Heisenberg,

Bohr … to argue with

Symmetries and Principles

Original Paradigm:Following Newton, Lorentz,

deBroglie … to investigate

Processes in Detail


The End

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the re- physicalization of physics by albrecht giese hamburg, germany puebla 2008

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