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The Pub on the Point: A History of a Hotel at Sandringham

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Rationale

This work was started in early 2013, as a following on from the interest in my local

area and the research methods I had experienced during my research for my entry in

the 2012 Ron Rathbone History Prize. A life-long interest and study in history

allowed me to undertake my first degree from Charles Sturt University in the eighties

majoring in Library Science and History. This love of historical fact has allowed me to

experience many wonderful times and places, both in my reading and my travels.

My decision to enter the 2013 competition was one I looked forward to almost

immediately after the 2012 awards ceremony. The topic of the hotel at Sandringham

was decided upon by two factors; that it had been a place of fun and friendship for

both me and my parents, and that there was only a limited amount of information

around on the history of the hotel and the publicans who had run it over the time.

Everyone I spoke to had fond memories of a great venue over the years and my

interest was piqued! Imagine my surprise as research began to illustrate a long line

of men who had found the hotel to be both their home and their business, going back

to the beginning of European settlement in the area.

This is the result….a combination of months of research, surveys and oral

histories…..the story of the hotel and the men who ran it for over a hundred and forty

eight years….their fortunes and misfortunes….the people….and…..The Pub on the

Point!

This research is dedicated to my husband Scott, who shares my love of history and

supports me always in all my writing.

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Background

Sandringham Point has been a place of recreation for locals since just after the very

beginning of European settlement. However, for centuries previous the areas natural

land formation, originally comprised of sand dunes and wetlands, would have been

full of mangroves where oysters grew naturally and were collected as food by the

local Aboriginal tribes. A history of fishing at the site also precedes European

colonization as fish abounded in the Bay, that the locals called Ka-may (1), and the

Cadigal people found plenty of food in the area. So the development of the site as a

spot of outdoor pursuits and local food is not surprising considering the history.

On 29 April 1770, Botany Bay was where Captain James Cook’s first landed on

Australian soil after navigating around New Zealand. The foreshore would have been

vastly different to what you would find there today with large drifting sand dunes and

mangrove swamp land. The British later found the sandy soil not suitable for farming

when they were looking for a site for the First Fleet to beach and headed up the

coast to Port Jackson in 1788. In 1789, Captain John Hunter surveyed Botany Bay

on his return from the Cape of Good Hope after trading for grain. His cartography

showed the good supply of fresh water in the area which led to the expansion of the

region’s population in the 19th century. (2)

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The site also has a history of violence of men towards each other, going back to the

spearing of a convict named John McEntire after he had been cruel to the local

people and trespassing on their land and killing their food source animals. 'This man',

wrote Judge Advocate David Collins 'had been suspected of having wantonly killed

or wounded several of the natives in the course of his excursions after game.'(3)

McEntire admitted shooting one Aboriginal man in his travels around the area in a

deathbed confession. The famous Bennelong had long feared and hated McEntire

and saw him as one of Governor Phillip’s “chief avatars of malice.” (4)

The bad blood between the gamekeeper and the local inhabitants came to a head on

Friday 10 December 1790, when McEntire was speared by Pemelwuy and died of

his wounds on 20 January 1791. The military were called out under the control of

Watkin Tench to hunt down the Aboriginal people and take reprisal for McEntire’s

 

Right: Chart of the coasts

and harbours of Botany-

Bay, Port-Jackson and

Broken-Bay, as surveyed by

Captain John Hunter of

H.M.S. Sirius

http://acms.sl.nsw.gov.au/alb

um/albumView.aspx?itemID=9

13700&acmsid=0 

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death. Tench and his men returned to Sydney after some of the troops nearly

drowned in the muddy creek that lead out to a long beach. So, the history of the

relationship between the police and the locals at Sandringham Point has its origins

as far back as 1791.

The development of the area was hampered due to the lack of access by land from

the settlement of Sydney town. It wasn’t until a route via the new South Road (Old

Illawarra Road) crossed the Cook’s River and this area was cleared, was it settled

and this opened up the south east of Sydney. The first to live in the area were the

timber getters, wood gatherers, bark collectors, sawyers and charcoal burners who

camped in the bush. These men worked in the forests of the wealthy landowner

Simeon Lord, who was a prominent emancipist trader in Sydney, whose main trade

was to buy and sell ship cargoes. He was eventually made a magistrate despite his

convict beginnings in the colony. Lord became a large landholder during his lifetime,

of both land he purchased himself, and of land grants from Governor Lachlan

Macquarie, and his extensive land holdings included land at Petersham, Botany Bay

and Tasmania. Lord died in early 1840 at his family home “Banks House” at Botany,

leaving a vast property portfolio behind.

Once the timber was felled, it was either sent off to be lumber for the settlement for

building, or for boat building and use as shipping ballast and the remains were burnt

off to create charcoal for heating and cooking. Vessels such as the “Whale” (1813)

sailed between Sydney and Botany Bay carrying timber to the town. (5)

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Therefore, as mentioned earlier, in 1839 an alternate means of access to the

southern areas of Botany Bay was established, by the construction of a carriageway

over the dam at Cook’s River. Convict labour allowed this road to be built, with the

men even working in chain gangs. Then in 1844, Rocky Point Road construction

started, from the dam face at Cook’s River to Rocky Point on the George’s River.

Prior to this most access was by boat to Seven Mile Beach and it took timber getting

and the timber men to cut a path through the forest growth. When pioneers were

granted land in this area, it was found to be scrubby, swampy and sandy. This

limited the land use to pig and poultry farming and associated industries. (6) Rocky

Point Road was a toll road and the tolls of up to a sixpence were charged by the

Rocky Point Road Trust.

The abundance of shells on the nearby beach meant the establishment of lime-

burning facilities. The middens would have been used by the colonists for lime for

their mortar and collecting of the shells would have first been by convicts, standing

up to their knees in the mud of the foreshore. Fishing in the area was very good in

the relatively sheltered bay; good fishing which continues to the present day. Oyster

gathering continued, now by the English, as well as the local Aborigines and the

effect of this overharvesting was soon to be felt. Eventually, small settlements soon

developed close to the supposedly bountiful beach.

Various landowners established their properties in this area in the early 1800’s.

Catherine Cooper was given a 100-acre grant in the area in 1830 at Charlotte Point,

later Rocky Point, where she and her merchant husband, Robert Cooper Junior, built

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a home. The husband and wife team later operated a distillery there, as Robert

Cooper’s father had a large distillery that fronted Parramatta Road, Chippendale. (7)

Charlotte Point was where the Georges River ran into Botany Bay and Catherine

Cooper had named the area after her mother Charlotte Rutter. Later in 1874, Robert

Cooper inherited 100 acres and house at Rocky Point – Sans Souci, from Thomas

Chapman. Cecilia (Robert’s sister) also inherited some land and money from

Chapman who was their step-father. (8) Charlotte died 19th May 1850 and her

husband was listed as Mr Thomas Chapman, of Rocky Point, George's River. (9)

The Holt Years

In the mid 1800’s, Thomas Holt took up land on the Rocky Point end of the peninsula.

The area became known as Sans Souci, taking the name from his grand house built

on Rocky Point Road on land bought in 1853, for his German wife, Sophie. It was

named after Sans Souci in Potsdam, Germany, the summer palace of Frederick,

King of Prussia.(10)

It was Holt who gave the name Lady Robinson Beach to the area between Cooks

River and the Georges River, which had previously been known as Seven Mile

Beach. He was interested in developing his commercial interests and invited Sir

Hercules Robinson and his wife to inspect his land in 1874. In a magnanimous

gesture, impressing all present, Holt named the beach after the Governor’s wife. At

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the annual merchant’s dinner on the 28th July, there was also a toast proposed to,

"Lady Robinson, and the ladies of the colony." (11)

Holt had extended his property portfolio by selling some of his gold runs after the

gold rush and in August 1861 he paid ₤3275 for 4600 acres of land and waterways

south of Sydney, extending from Botany Bay to Port Hacking. (12) Amongst this, was

most of the Kurnell Peninsula, and his acquisitions included James Cook’s landing

place where he erected an obelisk in 1870, celebrating the centenary year. He also

tried to raise sheep on pastures sown with imported grass and then cattle, scientific

oyster-farming, timber-getting and coal-mining, each without success. He

campaigned for the damming of George's River to supply Sydney with water but the

government rejected his scheme. In total, Thomas Holt built six mansions to the

south of Sydney. He continued to buy adjoining land and by 1862 owned 13000

acres; ¾ of the now Sutherland Shire.

The new oyster industry had been a thorn in Holt’s side. The collection of oysters by

both the settlers and Aborigines had eventually become so common that foreshore

oysters became rare, and in the 1860's dredging for deep water oysters began. Holt

made the first attempt to grow oysters commercially in the early 1870’s. As he owned

Gwaley Bay, he had a system of channels dug, with the flow of water being

regulated by dams and flood gates. The system, known as “claires”, had been seen

by Holt in France, however sadly for him it was a failure in the George’s River, due to

water temperature and silt build up. Eventually, by the 1870’s the river had been

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denuded of oysters and the Government closed it to the oyster gathers for several

years.

What had been Holt’s failure ended up being another hoteliers success, when Albert

Emerson took up the leases when oyster farming was recommenced. Emerson was

the proprietor of the Sea Breeze Hotel at Tom Ugly’s and had his oyster base at

O’Çonnells Bay (now Connells Point). He had applied for and been granted a license

in 1878 for a public house at Georges River.(13) His men gathered oysters from the

foreshores as well as deep water gathering. By 1876 he had between twenty and

thirty men in his employ, including some South Sea Islanders, who were experienced

pearl divers. (14)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Above: Amos Selman’s childhood home, Rose Cottage, Sandringham Road (later Clareville Avenue) Sandringham pre 1886. Amos was a road maker and lime‐getter. 

http://trees.ancestry.com.au/tree/28093556/person/5131675005/media/3?pgnum=1&pg=0&pg

 

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In 1888, Emerson went on to create an oyster dynasty after he built a boat shed on

the waterfront at Sandringham, near the baths (15), using his innovative oyster

farming techniques. 

 

At the time, Holt utilised to his financial advantage, the convicts, runaway sailors and

the local Aborigines as the workforce on his estates. He employed a William Rowley,

who was a Gweagal-Dharawal man who had been born in 1831 at Pelican Point

(Towra Point), near Weeney Bay, where the Georges River met Botany Bay, as his

foreman.(16) Rowley was an adept fisherman who rowed back and forth across the

Bay and knew every inlet and river of the area.

 

Left: Thomas Holt.

http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/holt-thomas-3786

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Left: Some of Holt’s Aboriginal employees. 

http://www.ssec.org.au/our_environment/our_bioregion/kurnell/history/occupation/tomholt.htm 

Right: William Rowley and his family circa 1890

http://www.historyofaboriginalsydney.edu.au/south-coastal/william-rowley-his-wife-child-and-family-1890

 

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As stated earlier, some Aboriginal people lived and worked on Holt’s estate between

the 1860s and 1870s. However, by the end of the nineteenth century, most had

moved away, some to the government reserve at La Perouse on the north shore of

Botany Bay and others to a “camp” at Saltpan Creek on the Georges River. Many of

their descendants still live in the area around Botany Bay today.

There were many events held at the land holding over the period that Holt controlled

the property, with picnics, boating and sporting events. He lavishly entertained his

friends and visitors, including royalty, with picnics and shoots and wined and dined

the influential of Sydney. The area was further opened up in 1863 with the first ferry

service at Tom Ugly's Point. (17)

However, Holt and his wife found the area too isolated, as access was mainly by

boat from Sydney, so he built another house at Marrickville, overlooking the Cooks

River, which he called The Warren. He bred rabbits for hunting and kept exotic

animals, including an alpaca on this property. In the 1860s, Holt sold his Sans Souci

property in 1866 to William Rust, who turned it into a popular hotel, despite its

isolation, which was the beginning of the hotel in the area (18). However, Holt still

made use of the area for his political and entertainment events. In 1870 he hosted a

large gathering to help garner support for one of ideas. (19)

GEORGE'S RIVER - PICNIC.

Two hundred and fifty or three hundred gentlemen on Saturday last spent a very pleasant day on George's River. They were the guests of the Hon. Thomas Holt, of the Warren. The company consisted of members of both Houses of Parliament, gentlemen representing mercantile and monetary institutions, professional men, civic dignitaries, and others who regard the water question as of more than ordinary importance. They arrived at Sans Souci between ten and half past and after a dejeuner a la fourchette, (a light luncheon) went on board the Pelican, which had been brought from Sydney. The steamer left Sans Souci, or

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Rocky Point, about eleven. To most of those present the scenery was entirely new, and it may be said that they have added considerably to their geographical knowledge. It is superfluous to say that the trip was pleasant. Everybody enjoyed it, and many expressed surprise at the capacity of the river, and the great width of some of the creeks and reaches. The principal bays in the river are known as Double Bay, Oyster Bay, Gwawley Bay, Woolooware Bay, and Townsend's Bay. The points on the river where dams may be constructed and weirs made on the solid rock of course attracted special attention. The topic of conversation was water, the best source of supply, and the comparative merits of rival schemes…

…On returning to Sans Souci, a number of the party went ashore, and the remainder took a trip into Botany Bay. The steamer Pelican will remain for a week in the bay. She will leave the Botany Waterworks at 10 o'clock on Wednesday, and Saturday next, and return to Botany before evening on each of those days, so that those of the public who desire to see for themselves may have the advantage of a trip up the river. It is not likely to be so agreeable as the picnic on Saturday but it will nevertheless afford a favourable opportunity to all who take an interest in the water question to put themselves in a proper position to deal with the George's River scheme. The arguments in favour of this scheme are set forth, and the objections to it are replied to, in a pamphlet, which was sent with the invitations, and which no doubt, can be easily obtained.

The Dettmann Dilemma

Holt, prior to his sale of the hotel to William Rust, had leased out the property to

Dettmann, an agreement which appeared originally to have gone smoothly.

Frederick Dettman(n) was born about 1830, presumably in Germany and arrived in

Sydney on the 5th March 1863 on the Balclutha from Germany. Frederick married

Casyra Florington in 1866 in Sydney (20) and they were listed as living at 4 Jenkins

Street (across Gas Lane) in the 1870 Sands Directory East side. This building is now

listed as a heritage building Georgian Warehouse, 2-4 Jenkins Street and the house

is situated parallel between Kent Street and Hickson Road, Milsons Point. (21). This

abode would have been the home to which Frederick bought his new wife. This early

1840s Georgian sandstone warehouse would have been over thirty years of age

when the Dettmans lived there. Here the language of the streets was spoken in more

tongues, and at more hours of the day and night, than anywhere else in Sydney. On

any given day, many of the people on the streets owed their allegiances to other

cities in other parts of the world.

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The fortunes of the wharves, and hence the people, of Millers Point were tied to the

rhythms of the trade cycle. Early wharfage and ships catered to a general trade,

seizing on whatever product would turn a profit. Dettman obviously was a hard

worker as seen by his passage back and forth on the coast. However, he was first a

victim in 1864, of a robbery whilst under the weather, which warranted a listing

in the New South Wales Police Gazette (22), which would have been galling:

Stolen about 2 am on the 3rd instant, from the person of Frederick Dettmann, seaman “Yarra Yarra” steamer, whilst drunk and asleep in Clarence Street, one five pound note, Bank and No unknown, and a gold Albert chain with key, broken, value 2 pounds.

Frederick had sailed many marine miles between Sydney and Brisbane during the

years from 1863 to 1866, sailing at least once a month, sometimes two voyages per

month. He was sailing during the time he had the lease on the hotel, with ten trips

alone during 1866. It would appear that he was doing two jobs and excelling at only

 

 

Left: 2­4 Jenkins Street, Milson’s Point 

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one; sailing. However, he was advertising the Hotel in the Sydney Morning Herald in

1865, with transport provided by a local, William Favell. In 1842, William Favell and

his wife Eleanor, were listed as farming a property named Hillside at Turrella. Their

neighbours were the families of Thomas Curtis and Henry Blackwell, who were

orchardists and gardeners. The farms and orchards were subdivided when the

railway came through.

SANS SOUCI. ROCKY POIN'T (DETTMAN'S).

Parties can be conveyed on reasonable term by the roomy and comfortable conveyance Pioneer. Letters addressed to the proprietor, WILLIAM FAVELL, White Horse Inn, George-

Street, Sydney; or Tempe, Cook’s River, will receive immediate attention.(23)

 

Above left: William Favell 1816‐1878c.1870 portrait done c.1890, Sydney, NSW, Australia 

http://trees.ancestry.com.au/tree/42807067/per

Above right: Eleanor Flinn Jago Favell1817-1897 c.1870 portrait redone c.1890,Sydney, NSW, Australia

http://trees.ancestry.com.au/tree/4280706

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Whilst Frederick Dettman was holding the three year lease, he was also listed as

living as a mariner at 12 Argyle Place, The Rocks in 1867. There had been confusion

about the lease agreement, with Holt obviously not happy about the situation and it

was brought to a head in a convoluted court case in 1866, with Justice Dowling

presiding.

METROPOLITAN DISTRICT COURT. Tuesday (Before Mr. District Judge Dowling.) HOLT V DETTMAN.-This notion was commenced on Monday and concluded yesterday. The plaintiff, by his attorney, sought to recover £12 10s, being the difference between a quarter's rent of hotel premises at Sans Souci. Mr Rogers, instructed by Mr Salter,' for plaintiff; Mr Darley, instructed by Mr Barker, for defendant. It appeared. that in 1865 the defendant took a three year's lease from the plaintiff, of the hotel premises at San Souci at £75 a year ; but when he had occupied for about a year and paid, rent, a vacancy occurred by the death of Mr Jessep in the stewardship of the Parliamentary refreshment rooms. The defendant applied to the then Speaker of the Assembly, Mr Hay; for the appointment, but was informed that he was ineligible unless he gave up entirely his hotel business at Sans Souci. The defendant avowed that he informed Mr Thomas Holt, who was now in England, of this, and Mr Holt replied that he would give him a release of the premises; that Mr Holt not only further promised, but actually wrote to Mr Hay, recommending defendant for the appointment in the Parliamentary refreshment room, obtained it for him, and took an intimation of this to the defendant. As Dettmann was leaving Sans Souci, a person named Edward Rust called. upon him to take over the premises, but Dettmann told him he had no power to let, though he had no written release, and referred him to Mr Holt, who appears to have accepted Rust as his tenant under certain terms. When Rust went to pay his first quarter's rent, Mrs Rust complained of its being very high, and that business was very slack, and asked him if he could not relieve her. Mr Holt replied that if Dettmann would take off £25, he would take off £25, so that the rent to Rust would be only £25. To have a security against Dettmann, Rust ultimately obtained an assignment of the premises, from Dettmann. It was, therefore, contended for the plaintiff that it was perfectly understood by him that Rust was a subtenant, under Dettmann, who had not been released from his engagement, and was therefore liable for the payment annually of £75 for the two years unexpired in the lease, or the difference annually between what Rust paid and the £75. Dettmann swore that when he went to Mr Holt about being released that Mr Holt said : I would rather you would remain ; but, as I think the appointment as steward to the Parliamentary refreshment-room will be better for you, I will use my influence and get it for you, and release you from your liability." These last words were disputed by circumstances only, as Mr Holt was not present to confirm or contradict them. - The defendant's statement of this transaction from the beginning reflected somewhat on the plaintiff's generosity. The first overtures between the plaintiff and defendant respecting Sans Souci, he said, took place in a Turkish bath, to which Mr Holt had invited Dettmann for the benefit of his health. While in the bath, the subject of Sans Souci was introduced by Mr Holt, its delightful situation, and the health-giving and invigorating properties of the atmosphere about that locality. The beauties of Sans Souci were so eloquently described, and the plaintiff and defendant became so enamoured with the purifying qualities of that neighbourhood, that they had twelve Turkish baths whilst thus arranging about the occupancy of the hotel. The bath was at Cook's River. "Doctors," said. Mr Holt to defendant, "had told him that rest and fresh air were necessary to the recovery of his health." "I went out, “continued the defendant, "to look at Sans Souci, and when I returned I told Mr Holt that I liked the place very well, but it would take too much money. Afterwards he wrote me out a cheque for £100, and he told me, for a couple of hundred pounds more he would not let me sink! All I possessed was about £200 worth of property, and he recommended me to the Mutual Provident Society, stating, if I mentioned his name, I should get what I required, but I did not get any money there. I got £400 from another place. Afterwards I had; to borrow £100

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to get a license, for the house. This made £600, I did no business, and in the course of six months I lost the whole of this amount, Seeing the parliamentary refreshment room vacant I saw Mr Holt." The substance of what then passed is previously stated. Dettmann further swore that he thought the £100 from Hr. Holt was given as a present, but he soon found he had to pay it back with 10 per cent interest; that he certainly provided several picnics at Sans Souci for Mr Holt, but he lost by them, because he had provided for 250 persons for whom he had received only £35, out of which he paid £18 to Mr. Holt, for rabbits, turkeys, etc., and he had given Mr Holt £5 for a bullock worth only £4, 2s; 6d. each for rabbits when the retail market price was only ls 6d. and for turkeys, fowls, and ducks in the same ratio above the market price. When Dettmann found from Rust that he was considered liable for the difference in the rent of £75 in the lease, and the£25 paid by Rust, he called on Mr Holt. The following ís Dettmann's testimony on this point :--" I asked Mr Holt in consequence of what was told me, if I was to take off £25, and if he held me still as his tenant ?Mr Holt said, 'Yes I do, and you are very ungrateful; but I have you in law, and I will take the last shilling from you." I said, "If I express myself wrongly, you must excuse; I don't want to throw anything in your face. Tell me where I have offended and I will try to do better, for I cannot see why you are in such a passion, because I thought I had been relieved.' - He said, ' You are not relieved, I only gave you leave to re-let.' I again asked him if he still held me as his tenant? He said, 'Yes, because I have not relieved you legally, and you are still in my books. 'I said, ' Mr Holt, I may be in your books, but did you not relieve me when I asked you to let me free from my engagements, because Mr Hay would not entertain my application unless I was free of my engagement with you?” As soon as I mentioned Mr Hay's name, he got into a great passion, saying ' Will you reproach me with unkindness to you after writing to Mr Hay?". I said ' Mr Holt, I mean no reproach; I merely want to recall the conversation which made me believe I was free of my engagement.' He said, ' It does not matter what you say, you are in my books, and I will take the last shilling from you."" I said, Mr Holt, you surely will never bring this matter into court?' He said, 'I donot care ; I will leave instructions with my attorney, as I shall not be in the colony.' – I said, 'Mr Holt, I dare say you have me in your power, but there will come a day when we shall both have to stand before another Judge and to Him I leave my case. Mr Holt then hung down his bead, and looked on the ground, and we parted." Mr Darley, in his address maintained that the plaintiff's conduct towards defendant in this matter was vindictive, and being vindictive it was dishonest. When it was discovered that Mr Rust was unable to pay the rent, the afterthought occurred that he had obtained Dettmann a good situation, that he had no written release, and that therefore he would make him pay. Mr Rogers replied, and cited many authorities to show that no release in law had been given to Dettmann, that he was still liable, that the circumstance fully showed that the plaintiff had acted with much generosity, and that the probabilities were, in Mr Holt's absence, defendant's version of the conversation was not impartial. His Honor reserved Judgment. (24)

Frederick Dettman had obviously been out maneuvered by an astute, experienced

businessman; in the lease details, the business opportunities and even the provision

of livestock. The Dettmans returned to more familiar surroundings after the case,

with Frederick passing away in Leichhardt in 1894 (Registration No 7035/1894) (25)

and his wife the next year.(Registration No 11/1895) (26)

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The Rust Period

William Rust was another who helped open up the area, allowing people to access

the Point for recreation purposes. Sandringham had been previously known as

Strippers Point, due to the forestry work that was being done there. Gangs of men

felled trees and stripped the bark from them for use both in the area and back in

Sydney. The trees were used for lumber for building and logs for road building, whilst

the bark was used for roofing in wattle and daub housing. Timber getting became a

major industry for the area, with large crews of men needing refreshment and

recreation.

 

Right: Bark stripping technique 

http://home.iprimus.com.au/foo7/houses.html 

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By this stage, William Rust had turned Thomas Holt’s grand house on Rocky Point

Road at Sans Souci into a luxurious hotel. As the land was cleared down at Strippers

Point, Rust realised that there was an opportunity to build a hotel in the area. Rust,

due to his strong royal leanings, renamed the area Sandringham and established the

Prince of Wales Hotel, named after Edward VII and the royal’s new residence in

England. (27)

 

Above: 1980, English, Map, Single map edition: The original colonial landholders of Sydney 1792­1892 : reconstructed from the original N.S.W. Department of Lands map: "City of Sydney and Environs, 1892" / Bryan Thomas. [cartographic material  http://trove.nla.gov.au/version/12365870 

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Meanwhile, two other men were realising the value of the bay front for recreation and

entertainment; the first was Samuel Cook and the later was Thomas Saywell. The

area now known as Cook Park was established in March 1886, after Samuel Cook

had promoted the area and lobbied the Lands Minister, James Squire Farnell for the

area to be marked for a public pleasure reserve, with a hundred foot strip from the

high water mark along the bay front eventually preserved forever for public use.

Farnell had been appointed on 18 December 1877, as the first Australian born

Premier of New South Wales. Cook had already pressured for the Government

authorities, to make funds available for the purchase of land in thickly populated

suburbs where no Crown Land was available, establishing Scarborough Park (1879)

and Arncliffe Park (1889).(28)

I am sure all such reservations will be of the greatest value, and with the large population which is moving out upon the South Coast, the reservations proposed will be of the greatest value in a few years. I therefore shall authorise the resumption of sufficient land out of the grant to S. and J. Pearse of 9 acres, made February 28, 1853, also out of the grant to the same persons of 40 acres, made February 1, 1854, to have a reservation of 100 feet above high-water mark. I shall also authorise the resumption of sufficient land out of the grant to J. Roth- well (now J. England) to give the 100 feet front- age. I shall also authorise the resumption of sufficient land out of the grant to G. A. Lloyd of 61 acres, to make the 100 feet frontage ; and this will have to be done without entering into any agreement with Mr. Hook, although he may be informed that it is proposed to do what he desires. I shall also authorise the resumption of sufficient land out of the grant to J. Marks to make the 100 feet frontage. I think the whole of the land required (including Webb's grant) to the western boundary of Miss Rutter's land should be resumed (by a proclamation) for 100 feet from high-water mark for a public park. As the reservation in the several grants of 66 feet is for a road, I think it will be necessary under section 7 of the Public Parks Act of 1884, after the proclamation of the park, for the Governor by notification to declare that the several reserved roads shall be ex- tinguished. In notifying the park, it is to be called 'Cook Park,' after Mr. Samuel Cook, who was the person to first ask for it, and in doing so has rendered good service to the colony, and more especially to the people of Sydney and its suburbs."

Mr Surveyor Maitland, of the Lands Department, (29)

Thomas Saywell, who had made his money from tobacco, coal mining and brick

production had purchased three large blocks of land at Lady Robinsons Beach,

between Bay Street and Bestic Street, measuring nearly one hundred acres. Saywell

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realised that a steam operated tramway linked to Rockdale railway station, would be

capable of transporting many recreational tourists to the area. In 1885 he built the

New Brighton Hotel, with public baths, a picnic area, and a racecourse at Lady

Robinson’s Beach on Botany Bay. Earlier in 1884 he convinced Parliament to pass a

Tramway Act which allowed him to construct a private steam tramway to Robinson’s

Beach from Rockdale railway station. (30) He was also was responsible for the

planting of Norfolk Island Pines in this area, as he had seen how well they had grown

since the 1870s around the Prince of Wales Hotel at Sandringham. The trees

became a central figure in thousands of the pictures taken by the happy visitors and

stabilised the sand dunes. However, the hotel lost its licence in 1892 due to the

behaviour of its patrons and the building was offered by Saywell to Scots College, to

become their boarding school for the next four years. Sawyell’s wharf was

mentioned in the following article from The Sydney Morning Herald, 17 March 1880:

(31)

 BOAT RACE AT BOTANY BAY.

A most interesting boat race took place, on Saturday last, on the waters of the above far-famed bay, be tween the Kingfisher and the Deronda, owned by Messrs. Walter Moyse and James Geddes, of Botany. Mr. John Geddes, senior, engaged a steamer specially built recently by Mr. Dent, of Botany, for sportsmen and others to follow the race. The racing boats, by mutual consent, started from their moorings, opposite Sir Joseph Banks Hotel, at half past 3 o'clock, and when rounding the flag boat at La Perouse, the Deronda led by half a minute ; around the Customs' boat near the monument erected by the Honorable Thomas Holt in memory of Cap tain Cook, she was a minute and a quarter in front. At a flag boat off Sandringham she led by four and a half minutes, and at the flag boat at the outlet of Cook's River she increased her lead, passing it ahead of the Kingfisher seven and a half minutes. The Deronda passed the flagship, opposite Mr. Frank Smith's Hotel, nine and a half minutes ahead of the Kingfisher, thus winning and terminating a race, one of the most exciting one that ever took place on the waters of Botany Bay. The afternoon sports came to a close with a very pleasant reunion of the friends of Mr. John Geddes, son., at Corroy's Gardens, in honour of the event and the occasion. Botany Bay is peculiarly adapted for boat and yacht sailing, being about 21' miles in circumference, which distance was done on Saturday almost within the two hours. When the new public wharf-which is now being constructed at Botany Bay is completed-the renowned navigators, Cook and La Perouse, will be talked of, and

22  

thought a, little more of, by the rising generation, particularly by the yachtsmen and sportsmen of this colony.'

Very soon, the area was growing in leaps and bounds with land starting to be sold off

to prospective home owners, who wanted to enjoy the tranquil surroundings of the

bay area. There were ten lots at Ramsgate Estate at Sans Souci being offered for

auction on the Prince of Wales’ birthday, on Tuesday 9 November, 1886. 

 

In 1854 William Rust had married Emma J Broughton (V185441241B/1854) and his

new wife would have been involved in his publican businesses. (32). Rust had

formerly had connections with the Sir Joseph Banks Hotel at Botany and the fore

Below right: Duff, Hugh. Ramsgate Estate, Sans Souci [cartographic material] 

Part 1 

http://www.nla.gov.au/apps/cdview/?pi=nla.map­

Below left: Duff, Hugh. Ramsgate Estate, Sans Souci [cartographic material]Part 2 

http://www.nla.gov.au/apps/cdview/?pi=nla.map­lfsp2552­s2­v 

23  

mentioned Sans Souci Hotel. Boxing Day of 1868 saw the first and last race meeting

held at Sans Souci. It appears to have been promoted by William Rust, proprietor of

the ‘Sans Souci Hotel’. There was more on offer than simply the races.

SANS SOUCI.-“The Fire King”, steamer which trades to the Manning River, took about three hundred people to Sans Souci, Botany Bay. At Sans Souci the programme of sports was unusually attractive, the horse racing being above the common. A grand luncheon was provided in the pavilion and while the guests were at the tables two Highlanders, with bagpipes, regaled them with Celtic music, by continuously marching round the tables and blowing away with much perseverance. After luncheon the excursionists separated into groups, some preferring one game and some another.(33)

The ‘San Souci Hotel’ was on the point at Sans Souci, near where the present

Captain Cook Bridge crosses the Georges River. There is still a wharf to the west of

the bridge. It is difficult to imagine the difficulties faced by those accessing it by road

and people left early in the morning to attend such events. The directions were as

follows:

The route (from Sydney) is through the village of Cook’s River (Tempe) is one of the best macadamised roads in the colony. From the dam (across Cook’s River) to Sans Souci the distance by the road is about four miles and a half. The road however is heavy and somewhat rough. To go by way of the beach…. leave the main road about a hundred yards beyond the dam and turning to the left, ascend a hill which … does not seem to lead anywhere in particular. A piece of the crown of this hill has been excavated wide enough to allow vehicles to pass, and this forms the entrance to Muddy Creek Road, which is well defined all the way to Patmore Swamps. ….From the head of these swamps to the Seven -Mile Beach there is a bridle-track over about half-a-mile of undulating sandy country, covered with stunted scrub a n d b u s h f l o w e r s . T h e r e a r e m a r k e d t r e e s t h e w h o l e d i s t a n c e . ( 34 )

It was reported that many people attended this once only event, but further race

meetings were abandoned, possibly due to the average quality and organization of

the races themselves. However, reports of the beautiful venue obviously encouraged

others to attend the picnic grounds at later dates, once transport became an easier

option.

Owing to the distance which this pleasant picnicking place lies from the city, and to the rather indifferent road over a considerable portion of the journey-that lying between Cook’s River and Sans Souci- this outlying resort of wedding parties and pleasure seekers has not hitherto

24  

received that amount of patronage upon holidays which is usually bestowed upon Manly Beach, Middle Harbour and some two or three other time-honoured shots(sic): but on Saturday last an unusually large number of visitors congregated there. From an early hour in the morning omnibuses, cabs, dogcarts, and vehicles of various other descriptions took holiday keepers out to Sans Souci, while not a few were from Sydney, but more from outlying country places made the journey on horseback, and some, unblessed by vehicle, or horse, or means of procuring one, made the journey on “footback,” and we did not envy them the tramp. But the most popular mode of locomotion, popular because cheap, with every prospect of fine weather and a calm sea, was by the Fire King steamer, which was advertised to leave the foot of King-street at 10 o’clock in the morning. This vessel had as many passengers as she could comfortably accommodate, a very large proportion of them being ladies; and as the sea was smooth and the weather cool and pleasant, the trip turned out a very enjoyable one. She disembarked her passengers between one and two o’clock, and they immediately scattered themselves over the grounds, selected suitable resting places, and then commenced to unpack their picnicking baskets preparatory to the luncheon, for which their sea trip had so well prepared them. Long before the arrival of the Fire King excursionists a large number of people.. had reached the ground and were amusing themselves in a variety of ways, the races being the principal attraction. it may be imagined that the races formed the attractive feature which drew so many holiday folks out to this beautiful spot, but we refuse to believe it; we opine rather that the anticipation of a pleasant ride out, or of a fine trip by sea, with the prospect of spending the best hours of the time-honoured holiday in one of the most beautiful spots in the environs of Sydney, had far more to do with it than the races, and we may add that those who come with the expectation of seeing something super-excellent in the way of equine contests must have been some-what disappointed. Not that the races were below the ordinary country race meeting standard. A race course, fifty chains in length, had been staked out, a “grand stand.” occupied by two ladies, two children, two representatives of the Press and one official, who, as circumstances required, acted as secretary, treasurer, clerk of the course, clerk of the scales, committee, starter and judge(!), had been erected, but there was no fixed time for starting each race, no bell to warn owners and trainers to get ready, and no one seemed to know the names of the horses or of the conditions of the contest until the horses put in an appearance at the post. The two most prominent officials were Mr. Udhe and Mr. West, and, to do them justice, both exerted themselves to the utmost to make everything pass of pleasantly.

The very active stewards were, Louis Uhde, who had a slaughter house at Cook’s River, which the St. Peters Council Inspector of Nuisances took some action against in 1871. Mr. West is more than likely the cabinet maker, Spencer West, grandson of a convict.

The Fire King left a little before five o’clock on her return trip to Sydney, and an hour later nearly all the visitors were on their way homeward, having made the most of a really enjoyable day.(35)

The reputation of noted restaurateur Rust’s venue had even influenced Church

events, with mention being made at the laying of the foundation stone of St. Paul’s

Anglican Church.

The site of the intended church is on the north side of the picturesque road which connects the village of Cook's River with Sans Souci, a locality now beginning to be well known to

holiday folks by reason of Mr. William Rust's excellent family hotel(36)

25  

The new Prince of Wales Hotel, although described as being “charming”, had a

reputation for brawling and disorderly conduct and was known locally as the “Blood

and Guts”. (37) William Rust was still listed as proprietor of the Prince of Wales Hotel,

Sandringham in the 1874 NSW Police Gazette (38) and for someone who had

looked after the establishment for so many years, there is not a lot available about

his time there. There was obviously some kind of mischief occurring as can be seen

in the following article:

Police Gazette Wednesday 29 August 1877 a report from 24 August, that ON THE NIGHT OF THE 9th or morning of the 10th of August, two cows were maliciously shot, being the property of Mr William Rust of Sandringham. The government offered a reward of 20 pounds matching the 20 pounds of Mr Rust, for the apprehension and conviction of the guilty person or persons. The Governor promised a free pardon to any accomplice, if not being the person who actually killed the said cows, if they gave necessary information about the shooting.(39)

It was stated that Mr Rust, Sandringham Hotel, Sandringham would recognise the

red and white skinned hide, despite the fact it was unbranded. He obviously was a

man who kept an eagle eye on his belongings. There were a few other tragic

occurrences during Rust’s time as hotelier where the hotel appeared to be the venue

for inquests on more than one occasion. One hunting tragedy occurred out on the

bay, where the inquest was held at the Prince of Wales in 1871 and a fatal boat

accident, eight years later, where the body was placed at the hotel to await the

inquest.

Coroner’s Inquest Accidentally shot - The City Coroner held an inquest, yesterday, at the Sans Souci Hotel, touching the death of Mr William Moon of Waterloo. George Moon deposed that he resided at Sandringham, near Sans Souci; he was 13 years of age; the deceased was his father. Sandringham was his temporary residence, his ordinary place of abode being at Waterloo; his father was 38 years of age, and a native of England; he was formerly a gardener. His family had been at Sandringham for about four months. Yesterday, (Wednesday) afternoon, The deceased and witness went out shooting ducks in a boat; they went to a place called Wheeney Creek. Mr York, Mr Davis, and a boy were in another boat; they found them at Wheeney Creek. After shooting for a while, the deceased and witness left to go home being about half a mile ahead of Mr Davis and his party. The witness was amidships holding the sheet; his father's gun was aft, by his aide; he had nine ducks in the

26  

boat. As they were sailing witness saw a duck in the water; his father said he would have a shot at that, reached his arm over from where he was sitting, and laid hold of the gun by the muzzle, and drew it along. Witness at that time had his eyes turned away at the duck, watching it, when he heard the report of a gun and his father exclaim "Oh George, I am shot!”. Witness looked round, and saw him still sitting on his seat; deceased held up his hand, and witness looked at it to see whether it was not it that had been shot, but saw blood spurting out of what he believed his father's right side. Deceased then fell back on the tiller; witness asked him to get up while he steered to the shore. Deceased then lifted his head up and laid it down on the side of the boat; witness got up and called to Davis's party, but, not attracting their attention, he made signs to them by shaking his coat. They then came over, and he told them that his father had been shot; they got alongside and lifted his father into their boat, and brought his father home. He was dead when they got him on shore; he did not hear him speak after he said to witness, "O George, I am shot." He thought he lived a quarter of an hour after he received the wound; he lost a good deal of blood. The gun was a muzzle-loading double-barrelled one; only one barrel was loaded. His father had been accustomed to the handling of guns for years; he was sober; he was not in the habit of drinking. When he laid hold of the gun it was only distant from him about the length of his arm. The gun was by his father on aside seat at his left; after the gun went off, his father dropped it at his left side. What made the gun go off he did not know; it went off before his father had time to raise it; it went off just as he was drawing it towards him. There was a good breeze blowing at the time, and the boat was rolling about. Alfred Davis deposed that he was a carcase butcher, residing at Newtown; he knew the deceased, and had known him for several years, during which time he had always known him to be a sober temperate man. Deceased was seen by witness duck shooting about half a mile ahead of them, and he seemed sober and all right; his son was with him. He saw the son waving all right; his son was with him; he saw the son waving a coat, and he bore up to the father's boat, and found that Mr William Moon had been shot, and was lying in the stern of the boat. Blood was coming from him and there was a great deal of blood in the bottom of the boat. He noticed a wound in his left side; he saw two guns in the boat; the deceased used the breech-loaded on shore, and his son the other gun. He conveyed deceased to his residence; he died just as they reached the shore, and about half an hour after they got him into the boat. Deceased and his son appeared to be on good terms; the latter did not do anything to cause his father to reprove or reprimand him. Further evidence chiefly corroborative, was given by George Long, William Moon, 16 years of age, and son of deceased, and acting sub-inspector Taylor. Dr Sedgwick, residing at Newtown, said that being called to see deceased, he found a large wound about an inch and a half in diameter, taking an upward and inward direction commencing at the seventh rib of the left side, carrying away the sixth and seventh ribs, a portion of the base of the heart, and entering the left lung. He extracted some of the shot and small portions of the ribs. The injury done to the heart and lungs was most extensive, owing to the close proximity of the gun to deceased; “death must have been very rapid”. The jury returned a verdict of "Accidental death." (40)

The fatal boat accident was even reported by telegraph in Melbourne due to the

notable death of J. Gordon, who had taken some friends out on his sailing boat.

FATAL BOAT ACCIDENT. The Sydney Daily Telegraph of Monday gives the following account of the boat accident, the announcement of which we had previously had by telegraph: - A fatal boat accident happened on the Georges River yesterday. Five gentlemen-Messrs. J. Gordon (nephew of the Hon. S. D.Gordon), Manders (of the Melbourne Herald), Ferris, Fraser, and Beaker-left Botany a little after 7 in the morning in a sailing boat belonging to Mr Gordon, and proceeded up the Georges River oystering. About a mile above Sandringham, whilst in midstream, a sudden gust of wind caught the sails, and the main- sheet being tied, the boat heeled over, filled, and sunk, righting as she went down, owing to the quantity of ballast on board. Mr Manders, who could only swim a little, stayed by the boat, and found a rest for his feet on the top of the sheet, which was some distance under water. He was joined soon by Mr Beaker, and the other three left the place where the boat went down-Mr Ferris and Mr Gordon clinging' to a floating keg, and Mr Fraser to some corks. The two at the boat cooeed, and after

27  

some time, owing to the distance from the shore of the spot at which the accident occurred, help arrived first in the shape of a little skiff, rowed by a gentleman named Douglas, then of a larger boat with a black woman and two boys in it. Messrs Manders and Beaker were first rescued, and then Mr Ferris and Mr Fraser, but Mr Gordon had disappeared. His body was, after some search, discovered floating head downwards, and kept on the surface of the water by the air which filled the back of his coat. All effort at restoration proved unavailing, and his body was removed to the Prince of Wales Hotel, Sandringham, where it awaits the inquest that will doubtless be held.(41)

By the 1880’s the area was well known as a recreational venue and Rust was trying

to expand the options available to the visitors, including the use of a pavilion for

music.

AT the licensing meeting on Tuesday, Mr Gannon applied, on behalf of the proprietor of the hotel at Sandringham for permission to have music in a pavilion on the ground which, had been engaged for a private party on the Queen's Birthday. The pavilion, Mr Gannon said, was at some distance from tho hotel, and on the occasion referred to would be in no connection therewith, as, the party by whom the pavilion had been hired, would make their own provision. And besides, the character .of Mr Rust was a sufficient guarantee that he would allow nothing improper to occur in any place where he had authority or control. Mr Dillon said that he had objections to dancing saloons, either, at or near a public-house, as both from personal observation and information from others he found that their tendency was the promotion of the larrikin element, and had in many instances been productive of very great mischief. Mr Gannon' said that the expense of getting to Sandringham would of itself be a bar to the presence of larrikins. It would involve the expenditure of something like a pound to get to Sandringham, whilst a single shilling would suffice to convey them to the ordinary picnic grounds and dancing places. ..The Bench refused the application (42)

Although this was not successful, by 1884 the site included such period interests as

a zoological garden, a dam and surrounding gardens, two dance halls and a sweet

shop for the children. The shady picnic grounds encouraged people to laze, feast

and promenade in the fresh air and sun.

W E Rust was still the licensee in December 1883 and when the initial section of the

Illawarra Railway was opened in 1884, the Prince of Wales hotel was chosen as the

venue for the official luncheon. Buses were used to transport the officials and guests

28  

for a sit down lunch and speeches. There were over two hundred attendees, who

watched a regatta on the water in front of the hotel. This was a successful promotion

by Mr Rust, which publicised the beauty and amenities of the area to dignitaries and

the general public, with great print media coverage and even the creation of artistic

representations of the event.

Above: C1884TAREN POINT 1884 — Opening of the first section of the Illawarra Railway.-

Scenes on George's River. Artist unknown, Australian School. 1. General View of the River,

showing New Bridge at Oatley's Grant; 2. Entrance to the River; 3. Green Point; 4. Tom Ugly's

Point.

http://www.antiqueprintroom.com/catalogue/print-print?id=832f352c7389305ff7c5288a6afd1833

 

29  

On the 12 December1883, the licence was transferred from William Rust to Edward

D Tollomache and an apparent consortium consisting of Messrs Whelow, Tidswell

and Cauvarel. In the following years from 1886-1897,the Sands Directory shows the

Rusts listed living at nearby Plimsoll Street, Kogarah.(43). Sadly, Emma

predeceased William at Kogarah in1895 (Registration no 5072/1895) (44) William

then moved to Endeavour Street, Sans Souci in 1899 until his death, registered at

Kogarah in 1913. (Registration no 17311/1913) (45)

One of the oldest N.S.W. colonists, Mr. William Edward Rust, died at Sans Souci(near Sydney) on October 27, at the age of84. Mr. Rust had been for upwards of 40years the proprietor of either the Sans Souci Hotel, the Prince of Wales's Hotel, or the Sir Joseph Banks

Hotel, at Botany.(46)

The Tollemache, Whelow, Tidswell ,Cauvarel, Ridgeway, Tollemache and Cauvarel

Years

The next period of ownership appears to be that of a consortium running the Prince

of Wales Hotel. The licences appear to change hands a few time during the period

from 1883-1888, due to switching fortunes, finally ending back in the hands of

Frenchman Aristide Cauvarel. Early December 1883 saw Edward Dysant

Tollemache take over the licence for his first time. Earlier in the year he had been

managing a large temperance hotel in Bourke Street, Melbourne, which catered for

over two hundred guests. These coffee taverns were set up by some notable

Melbourne establishment members to provide a venue where working men could go

without drinking alcohol. There had been increased interest in the temperance

movement and the coffee taverns were established near the waterfront, theatre and

red light districts. Tollemache’s tavern cum hotel was the first built in 1879 and was

30  

designed by renowned Victorian architect, William Pitt. The beautiful building, as

seen below, has since been demolished. It would have been a cultural shock for

Tollemache to move to a more alcoholic venue, such as the Prince of Wales Hotel.

 

Right:  Coffee  Tavern,  Bourke  Street, 

MelbourneWatercolour  by  William  Pitt, 

c.1881http://static.wix.com/media/872e

07_f50c40749c2f820fc5c7e6051e769d2c.

jpg_srz_500_732_85_22_0.50_1.20_0.00

_jpg_srz

 

 

Left:  Coffee Tavern, exterior and interior http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Melbourne_coffee_palace_1881.jpg

 

31  

Tollemache advertised in the Melbourne papers to promote his venue in 1883 and

his experience with such a large establishment would have been advantageous. (47)

MELBOURNE COFFEE TAVERN, Bourke Street East. FIRST - CLASS HOTEL And RESTAURANT. SUPERIOR ACCOMMODATION Over 200 Boarders. Unsurpassed In the Colonies. Luxuriously furnished drawing, sitting, chess, and billiard rooms. Charges moderate. Letters and telegrams to E. Tollemach, manager, promptly attended to. Coffee Taverns Company (Limited), Proprietors.

At the same time Mr Tollemache was considering his move up to Botany Bay, there

was some clandestine meetings going on at the Sandringham Hotel. The

extraordinary divorce case of Horowitz v Horowitz and Solomon was causing a stir in

proper society. This was such a sensational, society case it warranted two pages of

the weekend Herald with charges of cruelty levelled towards the wronged husband

over a case that had ten days of cross witness statements. As was the situation at

the time, the jury found in favour of the wronged husband and he was awarded five

thousand pounds damages, half of what he was asking for, with the story even

making news in New Zealand papers. A far cry from the sedate goings on down

south in Melbourne; the temperance people would surely be recommending more

coffee and less alcohol for all those involved!

EXTRAORDINARY DIVORCE CASE. The case of Horwitz v. Horwitz and Solomon, in which Michael Henry Horwitz petitions for dissolution of his marriage with his wife Flora Martha Horwitz, on the ground of her adultery with Henry Albert Solomon, has occupied the attention of Mr Justice Windeyer and a jury of 12 for the past fortnight. Yesterday the evidence concluded, and the addresses of counsel will be heard on Monday. The case has been heard for the sake of convenience at the Darlinghurst Courthouse. The petitioner claims a divorce on the ground of adultery committed at the Royal Hotel, Sydney, at Sandringham, Sans Souci, La Perouse, and other places; and claims £10,000 damages from the co-respondent. The respondent's defence is an absolute denial of any infidelity on her part, but her defence also includes a counter charge of adultery; a charge of cruelty towards the respondent such as to conduce to adultery; and condonation if any adultery was committed at all. The following were the issues submitted to the jury : - 1. Whether Mrs. Horwitz committed adultery with Solomon between the 5th December, 1882, and the 5th April, 1883, at Sandringham, Sans Souci, La Perouse, or other places in or near

32  

Sydney, or at the Royal Hotel, Sydney? 2. Whether the petitioner, Michael Henry Horwitz, committed adultery with a person unknown, at a house in Goulburn-street, between 20th January, 1878, and the 1st January, 1879? 3. Whether the petitioner condoned tho adultery charged against Mrs. Horwitz? 4. Whether the petitioner had been guilty of cruelty towards the respondent, Mrs Horwitz? The questions to be decided by the Court alone were: - 1. Whether the petitioner had been guilty of such cruelty towards the respondent as bad conduced to the adultery charged against her with Henry Albert Solomon, the co-respondent? 2. Whether the petitioner had been guilty of such willful neglect or misconduct towards the despondent as had conduced to the adultery charged against the respondent with the co-respondent?(48)

Ernest Tollemache was regarded as a very successful hotelier by this stage, but his

background had mainly been in running catering companies, buffets and cafes, as

well as the Coffee Tavern and possibly he was a bit out of his depth with his new

venture. By November 1887, just over a year from his taking over the licence, Ernest

found himself in the insolvency court, with a schedule filed for liabilities of £1,355, 14

shillings and 11 pence.(49) Sadly, his assets only totalled the grand amount of £5,

which was possibly the reason the hotel is listed as being run by Thomas Ridgeway

as of 4 August 1886 and why he transferred the hotel’s licence to Edward M Byrne,

with a billiard licence on the 14 September 1887. However, Ernest would be back

twice more to run the pub on the point.

Not much is known about Thomas Ridgeway other than he ran the hotel for just over

a year whilst Tollemache was gathering himself financially. Sands shows him to be

later running the Native Rose Hotel 1888-1890 on the corner of Little Hay and Dixon

Streets in town and having a son in 1889, eventually residing at Farr Street,

Rockdale in 1891. In 1898 Ridgeway was a candidate in the Cook Ward Municipal

elections:

MUNICIPAL ELECTIONS. COOK WARD. All the candidates in the field, both for the ordinary and the extraordinary vacancy in Cook Ward, delivered addresses last night. The meetings without exception were very orderly…Mr Thomas Ridgeway addressed a meeting from a window at the Surry Hills Hotel, Crown Street.

33  

Mr. James Giles presided. The motion of confidence was proposed by Mr. E Malumby, seconded by Mr J Exton, and carried unanimously. (50)

In 1901 Ridgeway was still in the hotel business, being the licensee of the

Castlemaine Hotel, on the corner of Harbour and Hay Streets. However, he was

caught for breaches of the Liquor Act, for selling liquor at “unlawful hours” and was

fined £2 and ordered to pay 5 shillings sixpence in costs or face twenty one days in

jail. (51) He did not return to the Prince of Wales and Ernest Tollemache took over

the hotel again before he transferred to Edward M Byrne in September 1887.

Ridgeway is last listed in Sands, living in Bridge Street, Drummoyne in 1918.

Two other men had the licence of the Prince of Wales during this period, Messrs

Whelow and Tidswell. Edward Jules Whelow, at least, had a history of running public

houses with his name being listed as the licensee at the Emu Inn, George Street in

1876;the Commercial Hotel in 1878;the Payten’s Hotel at Parramatta in 1880 and the

Coogee Bay Hotel in 1886. However, for Whelow, this experience did not save him

from court, tragedy and ultimate bankruptcy. In 1879, Edward was involved in a court

case involving a steamship that had run into his wharf at Sandringham.

E. J. WHELOW V. G. AND B. NICOLL. In this case Mr. Rogers, instructed by Messrs. Gannon and M'Laughlin, appeared for plaintiff ; and Mr. Pilcher, instructed by Messrs. Spain and Sly, for defendants. Plaintiff alleged that defendants, by their servants, so negligently and unskilfully directed a steamship known as 'The Richmond’, at George's River, Sandringham, near Sydney, that the said steamship ran foul of and struck against a wharf belonging to plaintiff, whereby it was broken down and destroyed, that he incurred expense in rebuilding the wharf and repairing damage done to it, and that he lost the use of it for a long time and tile profits he might have received there from. The sum of £30 was claimed. A jury of four was impanelled in the case, and after hearing evidence, they found a verdict for plaintiff for £2 damages and £5 compensation, in addition to £10 paid into Court.(52)

Sadly, Edward also had tragedy occur in his family whilst publican at Parramatta with

the death of his son in a dreadful rail accident. Whilst Edward Whelow senior had

moved on from the area, his son was still working in the locality.

34  

Railway Guard Cut to Pieces. A shocking railway accident occurred on the Illawarra line on Saturday afternoon. A man named' Edward Whelow, guard of the 1. 57 train from Sydney to Hurstville, was observed to fall off the foot board as the train was passing Kogarah. The accident occurred near the railway gates. Whelow fell on the line, and the wheels of several carriages, passed over his body. He was picked up as speedily as possible, but the poor fellow died a few minutes afterward. Whelow was generally respected by his fellow employees, and was, we believe the son of a publican in Parramatta.(53)

Frederick Charles Tidswell was another publican with experience who had dealings

with the Prince of Wales during this tumultuous period of changing licences. His

family, like Whelow’s, faced terrible family tragedy whilst a publican and after.

Frederick appears to have come from an extended family of publicans. He was born

in Balmain in 1866, to father Henry and mother Elizabeth. Their home Alderley

House in Booth Street Balmain eventually became Balmain Hospital.

“It soon became apparent that the accommodation was inadequate. The house and grounds, then known as Alderley House, Booth-street, Balmain, were purchased fromMr. H. P. Tidswell for £3000, and this is the site occupied by the hospital to-day.(54)

Above: Balmain Hospital, Booth Street, Balmain circa 1919 formally Alderley House, Frederick 

Tidswell’s childhood home. 

http://www.takver.com/history/myunion/myunionp02.htm 

35  

Frederick married his wife Florence Arnott Macdonald at St John’s Church in

Balmain in 1889.

TIDSWELL-MACDONALD.-February 6, at St. John's Church, Balmain, by the Rev. A. Turnbull, Frederick Charles Tidswell to Florence Arnott Macdonald.(55)

They went on to have a son Frederick Auld Tidswell, born 7 December 1889 at home,

in Gladestone Street, Bexley. The house, Alderley, was named after his childhood

home. A daughter, Isabella Cora Tidswell was born in 14 December 1891, also at

home. Isabella grew up, married William J Hewetson in 1920 in Sydney and died

after a long life aged ninety on 7 March 1982 in Casino.

Frederick had, as well as his publican income, business interests as a stock and

share broker and mining agent.

Notice is hereby given that the PARTNERSHIP here to for existing between WALTERBURRELL and  FREDERICK  CHARLES  TIDSWELL,  carrying  on  business  as  Burrell,  Tidswell,  and  Co.,  at 108Pitt‐street, in the city of Sydney, as stock and Share Brokers and Mining Agents, has this day  been DISSOLVED  by mutual  consent.  All moneys  due  to  the  late  partnership will  be received and all accounts will be paid by Mr WALTER BURRELL, who will carry on  the said Business under the style of BURRELL and CO. Dated this  twenty‐eighth day of February,  In the  year  of  our  Lord  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and  ninety. WALTER  BURRELL.  F.  C. 

TIDSWELL. Witness to both signatures‐GEORGE ROBSON.(56)

In December 1904, the Tidswells were still living at Gladestone Street, Bexley as

noted in a very detailed robbery report in the Police Gazette on the 7 December

1904. This included, two watches, described in minute detail, as well as a very old

silver padlock bracelet, assorted gold and silver coins, including a George III

sovereign and a Kruger shilling in a mother of pearl inlaid black box, measuring

twenty one by nine inches. There were also scrips in the name of his wife, Florence

Arnott Tidswell, which added up to a significant amount Frederick worked hard for

his money and obviously resented somebody breaking in and stealing his property.

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Luckily, due to good luck and maybe some good detective work, some of the goods

were found nearby, in scrub off Forest Road, a week later.

“The box containing the silver bracelet and a quantity of scrip, also a quantity of jewellery, the property of F.C. Tidswell of Bexley, has been found in some scrub near Forest Road. There are still missing a George III sovereign, a full set of Silver Jubilee coins, a Kruger shilling, a Queen Anne coin and the two watches described.”(57)

Frederick died in North Sydney at the relatively young age of fifty-six. His death

notice made mention of his late father.

TIDSWELL.-January 23, 1916, at Clifton, Kirribilli Point, North Sydney, Frederick Charles Tidswell, late of Alderley, Gladestone Street, Bexley, youngest son of the late Henry Earnshaw Tidswell, of Balmain, aged 56 years by request, no flowers? (58)

Sadly, Frederick and Florence’s only son Frederick (Dick) ironically died from injuries

from a motor vehicle accident in Geelong, despite surviving World War One, barely

three years after Frederick senior’s death.

TIDSWELL.-On the 2nd November. 1919. at Geelong, Victoria, from injuries- received in motor accident, Lieutenant Frederick Auld (Dick) Tidswell, B.F., of 5th Pioneer Battalion, only son of the late F. C. Tidswell and Mrs. Tidswell of ' "Clifton," Kirribilli Point, Sydney, and grandson of the late Henry Earnshaw Tidswell, of Balmain, N.S.W., aged 29 years. (59)

The Time of Aristide Cauvarel

Aristide Cauvarel was born in France about 1856-58 and there is confusion

regarding his date of birth. Aristide married Bridget O’Brien in 1880 in Sydney

(Registration number 1046/1880). They had a daughter Louisa A Cauvarel, born in

1881; a son Aristide (Arthur) who was born in 1883, who sadly died in 1901; and a

second daughter Mary Rose, born in 1887. The death of a son appears to be a sad

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pattern for the licensees of the hotel. Aristide junior died on the 8 August 1901 at

Nerringundah, NSW aged only eighteen years of age. It was a tragic death, suicide

by means of slitting his throat, an event that would have shattered the family.(60)

Aristide is listed by Sands as being the publican of the Prince of Wales Hotel in 1889

and already had the licence on the 21 May 1888. The hotel was being heavily

promoted in the press as a venue of enjoyment, society and class. Cauvarel was a

caterer of some note, so he was not just the publican and there were plenty of

positive comments regarding his hospitality.

SANDRINGHAM, Prince of Wales Hotel.-Best place to drive and spend the day, beautiful carriage road now completed ; oysters, dinners, teas a speciality ; letters, telegrams promptly

attended to A. Cauvarel, Proprietor.(61) PICNICS. For many years past it has been the custom of the Mayors of the Borough of St Peters to entertain their aldermanic colleagues and friends annually at a supper and ball, but the present occupant of the civic chair, Mr. James Fallick, has this year departed from the usual practice, by giving an outing and a dinner to the members of the council and their friends, and in this new mode of dispensing the Mayoral hospitality he has been most successful. The spot chosen for the rendezvous was the pleasantly situated grounds ofthe Prince of Wales Hotel, Sandringham, and thither a fairly large company proceeded by rail yesterday at the invitation of the Mayor. After reaching the grounds various games were organised and several forms of amusement, including dancing, were indulged in until the hour for dinner arrived, when about150 persons, among whom were a large number of ladies, sat down to an excellently prepared repast, laid in the long room of the hotel. At the conclusion of the dinner, over which Mr. Fallick presided, a list of popular toasts was honoured, and several appropriate speeches were made by Mr. J. H. Carruthers, M.I..A., and Messrs. W. G.Judd (Mayor of Rockdale), Charles Moyes (Mayor of Marrickville), G. H. Sparkes (Mayor of Camperdown),the chairman, and other gentlemen. In replying to the toast of "The Parliament," Mr. Carruthers deplored that the present Parliament was not doing a deal of good for the country, which he hoped would at the next election send men to the House who would represent the electors honourably and straight-forwardly, having nothing before them but the good of the colony. At the termination of the speeches the company dispersed and sought enjoyment in walking along the beautiful beach, or in visiting some of the pleasant spots that abound in that locality. About sunset the party returned to town well pleased and in high spirits, after having spent a most enjoyable holiday. The catering, which was in the hands of A. Cauvarel, the proprietor of the hotel, was carried out in first-class style.(62)

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Despite all the apparent success of the venture, Cauvarel put the hotel up for sale on

the 17 August 1888. The ongoing transport issues could have possibly been a factor

for the sale. Other problems faced by the hotelier included dealing with dud checks

as well as the occasional drunken patron.

TO Bona Fide Investors in Hotel Property, seeking a good Business and a comfortable home. FORSALE, the Lease. Licence, and goodwill. etc, of the PRINCEOF WALES HOTEL, Sandringham. The proprietor wishing to retire from active business, personal application only is invited by the undersigned, who will willingly give all particulars to a bona fide purchaser. No agents or brokers need apply. A. CAUVAREL, Prince of Wales Hotel, Sandringham. (63)

Obviously, he did not sell the business at the first attempt, as he was still listed in

Sands at the hotel at Sandringham in 1889. By 1890, Cauvarel was at the Milson’s

Point Hotel, Alfred Street, St. Leonards East. There would be no shortage of

transport at his new venue, but the transport woes of his old business were

mentioned in the Sydney Morning Herald by a slightly disgruntled guest.

THE KOGARAH TRAM. TO THE EDITOR OF THE HERALD. Sir,-I am staying at the Prince of Wales Hotel, Sandringham, a "lovely spot”, and am pleased with everything, except the inconvenience arising in consequence of there being no tram returning from here to meet the train at Kogarah to Sydney later than 6.20 p.m. Several times friends have arrived by 2.54 p.m. tram intending to stay to tea and spend the evening, but to their dismay they had to return by 6.20p m. A tram to meet a later train returning to Sydney would be a great boon. Trusting you will kindly insert this, I am, A VISITOR AT SANDRINGHAM. Jan. 17. (64)

The Cauvarels went on to have the licences of more hotels such as the Royal Hotel

at Gundagai from 1903-1906, the Royal Hotel at Dubbo from 1912-1921 and the

Imperial Hotel at Bingara 1922-1923 as seen in Sands. They must have been

successful, as there were overseas trips to be enjoyed. In 1920 they left for an

extended holiday for over nine months to Durban, Mauritius, England, Ireland then

on to France. Cauvarel had a reputation as an excellent hotelier and was always

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known to be patriotic and involved during the war. Sadly, his wife passed away in

1923, as well as one of his daughters, but he continued to travel the world with his

surviving daughter Anne.

 

 

Left: Bridget Cauvarel’s Death Notices

12 January 1923 Sydney Morning Herald

http://trees.ancestry.com.au/tree/2470736/person/6970545651/media/0af26ee6‐d80b‐4602‐97a9‐0ea178c38265?pg=32768&pgpl=pid 

 

Right: The Northern Star, Lismore. 9 April 1923

http://trees.ancestry.com.au/tree/2470736/person/6970545855/media/2?pgnum=1&pg=0&pgpl=pid%7cpgNum 

Left: Visit to South Africa, 15 October 1935. Sydney Morning Herald

http://trees.ancestry.com.au/tree/2470736/person/6970545855/media/1?pgnum=1&pg=0&pgpl=pid%7cpgNum

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Sadly, nothing more is heard from hotelier extraordinaire Aristide Cauvarel after he

leaves Australia for Natal.

The Short Stay of Frederick F Evers

The next publican to run the Prince of Wales Hotel, if only for a short time, was Mr

Frederick F Evers. Frederick married Emilie W Lessing at Petersham in 1888

(Registration No 2323)and Sands have him listed as being the proprietor of the hotel,

living at the Prince of Wales in 1890. (65)

However, by the period 1891-1892, the young couple had moved to a residence in

Arthur Street, Marrickville. There appears to be no further records regarding this

particular man and his wife after this time, except for a solitary Mrs F Evers residing

in North Sydney in 1901 and at 23 Aubin Street Neutral Bay in 1902. (66)

There were still many social events occurring at the hotel during 1890, as can be

seen in the photo of the happy group of Kogarah parishioners in front of the Prince of

Wales Hotel at Sandringham. A steam tram also operated between Sans Souci and

Kogarah in the 1890s which allowed people to enjoy bathing, boating and fishing.

Many companies held their end of year picnics at the hotel and within its grounds.

The annual picnic of the association was held on the previous Saturday, at the Prince of Wales Hotel at Sandringham, to which about 6O or 70 members and ladies proceeded in drags the usual amusements were provided in the form of cricket, quoits and at the luncheon the toasts of " The Queen,"" Kindred Associations and Mercantile Interests," and The Ladies," were honoured (67)

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The Carl (Charles) H. Luicke (Linke, Lincke, Links) Years

The next publican to be shown at The Prince of Wales is Carl H Luicke, with his

licence being renewed on the 1 July 1891. (68). Two years previously, a twenty nine

year old Carl Luicke had arrived in Sydney from Hamburg, on the ship “The Meissen”.

In 1890 Carl 'Charles' Lincke, from Hamburg, had married Ellen Cavell in Victoria.

Lincke established much positive publicity in the press, stating the first class facilities,

at the Prince of Wales, encouraging visitors to the venue in 1890.

Above: Kogarah parishioners in front of the Prince of Wales Hotel at Sandringham c1890. Built around 1880, The Prince of Wales

Hotel was a seaside resort surrounded by lawns and gardens and attracted Sydney's elite. (photo from the archives of Mary MacKillop Parish, Rockdale City - formerly St Francis Xavier's Arncliffe)

http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/13774949 

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TO-DAY. TO-DAY. MOONLIGHT PROMENADE CONCERT at SANDRINGHAM.THE RAILWAY RESERVE RIFLE BAND will hold a will hold a PROMENADE CONCERT on the Grounds of the PRINCE OF WALES HOTEL,PROMENADE CONCERT.SANDRINGHAM is one of the PRETTIEST SPOTS adjacent to Sydney. Lovers of Boating, Fishing, &c, can find full scope for their pleasures. .The Prince of Wales Hotel is replete with EVERY COMFORT. Nothing but the best brands of Wines and Spirits will be kept. THE TABLE WILL BE REPLETE with EVERY COMFORT, and the ATTENTION will be FIRST-CLASS.TRAINS Leave Sydney at 7.10 p.m. and 8.10 p.m., returning from Sandringham at 9.50 p.m. and 10.50 p.m. RETURN TICKETS, 2s each, to be obtained from Mr. Keily, Mr. York, and Mr. Reynolds, Redfern Station; Mr. Linke, Sandringham ; Mr. Pritchard, Sans Souci.(69) 

After only a year at the Prince of Wales, Carl moved to the nearby Grand Hotel, at

Princes Highway, Rockdale where he was known as both Carl and the Anglicised

name of Charles.

ROCKDALE.— Visitors will find very Superior Accommodation at Grand Hotel. Charles W. Lincke. (70)

The Grand Hotel, Rockdale, Best Accomodation, every convenience, billiards etc. C.W. Lincke, proprietor(71)

Meanwhile, despite the comings and goings of various publicans, as mentioned

earlier, this decade saw the hotel and its grounds host to a variety of social events.

Some were quite particular to Victorian times such a paper-chase with harriers.

Runners competed in non-competitive running following paper trails which was a

common sport in English schools at that time and was known as the 'paper chase'.

The participants were from the many amateur athletic clubs called "harriers", which

had grown up throughout the United Kingdom, and were duplicated in Australia at

the turn of that century and slowly grew in popularity. However, with the arrival of

other sports as cricket and rugby, the paper chase became less popular.

HARRIERS- There was a large gathering of harriers at Prince of Wales Hotel Sandringham, on Saturday, when a paperchase took place over about 4 1/2 miles of good level country. The hares’ were Messrs W. Horsefield and J S McGifford, both of the Darlinghurst Harriers. They received a start of IO minutes. The pack that followed was a large one. The first home was A. Seers, of the Redfern Harriers, who was closely followed by A. Thomas, of St. George

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Harriers. The time was 35 minutes. The evening was spent at the hotel and proved most enjoyable. A musical programme enlivened the proceedings(72)

Other pastimes still exist today, that of football and the gentleman’s game of cricket,

and the officials of one particular sport celebrated their annual picnic at Sandringham

and managed to combine the two, with host Lincke preparing an excellent dinner to

finish the day’s celebrations. This was his second term at the Prince of Wales,

returning from Rockdale in 1902 to run the establishment.

FOOTBALL N.S.W. REFEREES' ASSOCIATION. The eighth annual picnic of the N.S.W. Referees' Association was held at the grounds of the Prince of Wales Hotel, Sandringham, on Saturday. In the afternoon a cricket match was played between the president's team, captained by Mr. J F Macmanamey, and one led by Mr. Purdy. After an enjoyable game the latter's side proved victorious by 5 runs… A party to the number of about 60 sat down to an excellent dinner prepared by Host Lincke…. A number of songs were rendered, and a most enjoyable evening was spent, the majority returning to town by the 9 o'clock tram from Sandringham(73)

In1904 Foley Brothers, an established business of commission agents and produce

merchants, hosted their annual employees’ picnic at Sandringham, a tradition that

had occurred during the years when the hotel was under the licence of both

Tollemache and Lincke. Both men could not resist the call of the hotel, returning to

enjoy the atmosphere and scenery of the area.

EMPLOYEES' PICNIC. The annual picnic of the employees of Messrs. Foley Brothers was held at Sandringham on Saturday, and proved in every way a success. The picnickers left Redfern station in a special car attached to the 10.10 a.m. train, and on arrival at the scene of festivities a sports programme was commenced. At about 1 o'clock an adjournment was made to the spacious pavilion attached to the Prince of Wales Hotel, where Host Lincke had prepared dinner. Mr. M. P. Foley presided, and was supported by other members of the firm.The loyal toast, also those of "Foley Brothers" and "The Employees," were honoured. The chairman pointed out that this firm enjoyed the distinction of being the largest exporters of butter in Australia, and in order to show the magnitude of the trade he pointedout that one of the firm would be leaving for England shortly to look after its interests there. This, he said, was necessary each year, owing to the larger trade. At the conclusion of the dinner the sports programme and dancing were continued, and the excursionists left for home at about 10 o'clock.(74)

However, it wasn’t all beer and skittles for Mr. Carl (Charles) Lincke at the Prince of

Wales. In 1906, he was in court facing charges of having people in his hotel, drinking,

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after legal hours of trade. Obviously, the concept of “Staff drinks” did not exist at this

period of time, despite the magistrate recognising the quality of the establishment

and Lincke claiming his flawless hotelier’s record of twenty two years as defence.

BREACH OF THE LIQUOR ACT. At the Newtown Police Court yesterday, before Mr. Isaacs, S.M., Charles William Lincke, licensee of the Prince of Wales Hotel, Sandringham, was charged with having permitted persons who were not lodgers, in-mates, or travellers, to be upon his licensed premises at a time when such premises should not be open to the public. Peter Herrman, of Gray street, Kogarah, Leslie Dickey,of Gladstone street, Kogarah, Thomas Kenny of King street, Newtown, Emil Matther, of Como, and George Sixsmith, of Regent street, Kogarah, were each charged with having been found on the licensed premises of the Prince of Wales Hotel, Sandringham, at a time when such premises should have been closed. Lincke and Herrmann pleaded not guilty, but the other four pleaded guilty. The defence was a denial that any business was being transacted in the bar, or that liquor was being consumed. They were all convicted. The publican said he had been in business as a hotel keeper for 22, years, and had never been convicted. The magistrate said he recognised that this hotel was one of the best conducted places in the State; still he believed that a breach of the Act had been committed, and he would therefore convict each of the defendants. Lincke was fined £2 and 6s costs, and the other defendants were each fined 10s and 6scosts, in default imprisonment

for three days. (75)

The Charles Hecht Time

Charles Hecht, the next publican to run the Prince of Wales, appears to have been

what is commonly known as a colourful Sydney identity or maybe just a bad

business man. He fronted court on many an occasion, mostly connected to his

business dealings. His first business venture to founder was as part of an odd

job/handyman partnership that had been started in 1877. His partnership with Peter

Robins collapsed due to lack of funds to continue operations and Hecht was

declared insolvent.

NEW INSOLVENT. Frederick William Charles Hecht, of Victoria street, Carlton, trading in partnership with Peter Augustus Robins, as the Express Odd Jobs and Help Company. Cause of insolvency-Want of capital to carry on the said company, which commenced business on the 19th July, 1877. Liabilities, £84 11s 6d.; assets, £10 5s ; deficiency, £74 6s. 6d, Mr, Jacomb, assignee. (76)

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Hecht, who was stated to live in Carlton, was involved in insolvency court two

months later in September 1887, with meetings to look at his estate in order to pay

outstanding bills. There is no apparent evidence regarding the outcome of these

legal proceedings, but there is mention of Charles Hecht obtaining the licence of the

Glasgow Arms in George Street, Sydney in July 1891.

Water Licensing Court. Captain Fisher, S.M., presided at the weekly meeting of the Water Police Licensing Court today. Mr. B. Lee, S.M., and Mr. Graham, L.M.,were also on the Bench. Transfers of licences were granted from Jacobus Doyer to Charles Hecht, Glasgow Arms, 316,George-street.(77)

Charles Hecht soon found himself back in court, alongside his wife, suing for

wrongful dismissal from their positions of hotel managers of Pfahlert’s Hotel at

Wynard in Sydney.

A Hotel Transaction. In the No. 1 Jury Court on Wednesday, before Mr. Justice Windeyer and a jury of four, Charles Hecht and Elizabeth Hecht, his wife, sued B. T. Fink to recover .£131 5s 8d for wrongful dismissal from the position of hotel managers to defendant, of Pfahlert's Hotel, Sydney, and for wages due. The plaintiffs contended that when they entered the service of defendant the male plaintiff was to receive a salary of £5 per week, and his wife a salary of 30sper week. A stipulation was made that should either party desire to terminate the engagement, they should give one month's notice of their intention. The plaintiffs alleged that the defendant had dismissed them without the notice agreed upon being given. The defendant denied that he was indebted as alleged, as before the commencement of the action he satisfied the plaintiffs' claim by payment of £63. The case stands as part heard.(78)

The Hechts were to have little satisfaction, only to receive a cheque for half the

amount that was owing to them.

The action brought by Charles Hecht and Elizabeth Hecht to recover £131 5s 8d from B. T. Fink for wrongful dismissal from the position of manager and manageress of Pfahlerts Hotel, Wynyárd Square, was concluded in No. 1 Jury Court to-day. The jury gave a verdict for defendant, and his Honor suggested to plaintiff the advisableness of accepting a cheque for £68 which he had returned to the defendant, and to relinquish any further proceedings.(79)

Within weeks Charles was back in court, this time to transfer his publican’s

licence of the Glasgow Arms in George Street. He was then noted as residing

46  

at the Prince of Wales Hotel, Sandringham, formerly residing at the Glasgow Arms,

George Street, Sydney. He is described as a caterer by Mr. E.M. Stephen, the

official assignee in the matter of his bankruptcy proceedings. These proceedings

were to be finalised by the 25 June 1892.

IN THE SUPREME COURT OF NEW~SOUTH WALES. In Bankruptcy-No. 5061

Re CHARLES HECHT, of Prince of Wales Hotel, Sandringham-road. Caterer.

NOTICE is hereby given that the Single MEETING of Creditors in the above matter will be held at the Court, Chancery-square, Sydney, on the 29th day of June, 1892,at ll a.m., or as soon after as the course of business will permit. To entitle a Creditor to vote thereat his proof

must be lodged with the Registrar in Bankruptcy not later than the 25th day of June, 1892.(80)

So, by 6 October 1892, Hecht was a known bankrupt, which would have been

common knowledge in the hotel circle:

Re Chas. Hecht, of Sydney, publican. The report of the official assignee was considered, and

the certificate was ordered to issue.(Before the Registrar.) (81)

The question must then be asked, how did a certified bankrupt, by October

1892, get the hotelier licence of the Prince of Wales hotel by the November

the same year?

LICENSING COURT. Mr. Cornelius Delohery, S.M., presided at the weekly meeting of the Metropolitan Central Division of the Licensing Court, held at the Central Police Court at noon yesterday. The license held by Carl Links, for premises known as the Prince of Wales Hotel, Sandringham, was transferred to Charles Hecht. (82)

The next mention we have of Mr Hecht in anything of note is with regard to him being

in possession of a stolen gold watch. He is listed by Sands as living in Ferry Street,

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Glebe in that year, so he is no longer residing at Sandringham. His time at the Prince

of Wales is over.

The gold watch reported stolen (1893), the property of Henry Francis, 18 Nelson Street Annandale, has been found in the possession of Charles Hecht and handed over to the owner.(83)

Mr E D Tollemache Again

There is little to be found regarding the licensees of the hotel in the next five years

between the time of Charles Hecht and Tollemache taking back the licence in 1898

after leaving the Forest Lodge City Buffet. The area became known as Tollemache’s

Pleasure Grounds, as he provided festive food for many events.

MARSHALL'S PADDINGTONBREWERY, LIMITED.EMPLOYEES' ANNUAL PICNIC. The annual picnic of the above brewery was held at Tollemache's Pleasure Grounds, Sandringham, on Saturday last. Over 40 employees and visitors left the brewery in two large drags, and reached their destination at 11 o'clock, where the day's sport was commenced by feats of strength, footraces, etc. A cricket match was then played for trophies, the prizes being for the highest scorer on each side….. Dinner being announced at 1o'clock an adjournment was made to the hotel's spacious banquet-hall, where the wants of the picnickers were supplied by Mr. Tollemache …After lunch photographs of the group were taken and games renewed till teatime. A few musical items in the pavilion brought the enjoyable outing to a close.(84) On Thursday, the 19th instant the employees of Messrs Foley Brothers limited and their friends celebrated their annual picnic at Tollemache's Grounds, Sandringham. After luncheon…cricket and foot racing were indulged in. After tea had been partaken of dancing was renewed in the spacious pavilion. (85) ST. GEORGE SAILING CLUB. On Saturday evening last, at Mr E. D Tollemache's Prince of Wales Hotel, .Sandringham, the St George Sailing Club boat owners and skippers entertained Mr. James Gannon (commodore of the club) at a smoke concert at which there was a large and representative gathering. ….An excellent programme was carried out. (86)

In all, Sands show E. D. Tollemache back at the helm of the hotel from 1898 to 1902,

but by 1905 he is residing at “Glenroy” Kensington Street, Kogarah. On 30

November 1906, Mrs Tollemache had a “diamond horse-shoe and whip brooch”

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stolen from her whilst she was a passenger on the SS Omrah. The theft was

reported at Ultimo on the 5 December 1906. (87)

In 1908 Mr Tollemache was listed as a Justice of the Peace, as he was such a

respected member of the community, in direct contrast to the previous publican. He

died in 1910, after a short illness, with his death registered at Glebe.

DEATH OF WELL-KNOWN CATERER.

The death occurred this morning at his residence, 'Noel,' Avenue-road, Glebe, of Mr. Ernest Dysart Tollemache, who for many years was largely connected 'with the catering trade of Sydney. He had been ailing for some time past, and for about a fortnight he had been bedridden. He was 54 years of age, and leaves a widow and one son. The late Mr. Tollemache was in charge of many popular cafes daring the time he was connected with the catering business, and chief among them were the City Buffett and Holbourne's. He was also lessee of the Prince of Wales' Hotel at Sandringham for some time. About seven years ago he retired from business, and was appointed inspector of railway refreshment rooms. In acting in this capacity he won many friends for his geniality, -and the impartiality with which he discharged his duties. The funeral takes place at the Waverley Cemetery to-morrow afternoon.(88)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Above: Prince of Wales Hotel, Sandringham around the time of Ernest Tollemache. 

http://203.20.148.68/LocaHis/Jpeg/004/hotels_p_011.jpg 

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Charles W Lincke….Again

The Prince of Wales appears to have had a way of luring back previous licensees.

The year 1902 shows the return of Charles W Lincke to the hotel after a sojourn at

Brighton. Lincke also seemed to be a dog bred fancier as seen in the sale notice for

champion prize winning Pomeranian dogs in 1901, whilst he was running Brighton

Baths.

FOR SALE, the two recently imported Black Pomeranian DOGS, MORR and MERRY, both champion prize-winners. For particulars apply by letter, or Saturday next to CHARLES W.LINCKE, Brighton Baths, Lady Robinson's Beach, Rockdale. (89)

Charles and his wife bred and showed their Pomeranians with much success,

virtually cleaning up the prizes in one particular show.

POMERANIANS

Judge Mr F Freeman Lloyd

Puppy-Dog or bitches J C Gannon's Marcus 1; C W Lincke's Mars 2; C W Lincke's Minnie 3 .Open-Dogs: C W Lincke's Mohr (imp ) 1 and champion. Open-Bitches: Mrs M Lincke s Madge, 1. (90)

Charles had an eventful fifteen years this stay at the Prince of Wales until his

departure for the final time in 1917. The social aspects of the site came into its own

during this period. The Linckes were deeply involved in all types of sporting and

social events, awarding and presenting the prize money in sailing competitions,

playing competitive lawn bowls and being involved in the swimming clubs of the area.

The local and regional press covered these events regularly.

The prize of £5 5s .was presented by Mr. C. Lincke, and Mr. C. W. Blakeney also presented a silk pennant.(91)

 

50  

Lincke’s summer seasons were heavily advertised in the press, and improved

transport enabled visitors to make the most of the beauty of the beachside.

PRINCE  of Wales  Hotel  and  Pleasure  Grounds,  Sandringham.‐Picnics,  Banquets, Wedding Breakfasts, Private Dinners, Oyster Suppers, Gipsy Teas, Catered for. Hall, seat 500, on hire. 

Tel.. 1 Kogarah. (92)

Above: Photos of Sans Souci and Lady Robinson’s Beach by Joseph Brokenshire ,

photographer in Lawrence, Joan - Pictorial Memories St George: Rockdale, Kogarah,

Hurstville, p 72

51  

 

However, it wasn’t just picnics, promenading and lazing around on the grass for the

locals of Sandringham. The water surrounding the Hotel brought with it its own

special dangers, for the visitors and the staff. I am certain rescuing drowning

children was not on these staff member’s resumes! The daring rescue was reported

as far away as Kalgoorlie in Western Australia, as well as in the Sydney press.

RESCUED FROM. DROWNING - SYDNEY, Feb. 2, 1903 A plucky rescue from drowning was effected at Sandringham this morning by a groom named Barney Barnabas and a young lady, Grace Partridge, both of whom are employed at the Prince of Wales Hotel. It appears that a number of orphan children, who were spending their

 

 

Above: Hotel and Picnic Grounds- Sandringham by Joseph Brokenshire, photographer

Lawrence, Joan, Pictorial Memories St George: Rockdale, Kogarah, Hurstville p. 42

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holidays at the place, were bathing on the beach. Three of them got beyond their depth. Barnabas and Miss Partridge heard their cries, and plunged into the water. Barnabas brought two children ashore, whilst Miss Partridge rescued the third. They soon recovered.(93) A SMART RESCUE. Yesterday morning some 16 orphan children, residents of Sandringham, and ranging in ages from5 to 14 years, were bathing from the local beach at the rear of Mr Lincke's Prince of Wales Hotel. Three of the eldest girls got beyond their depth. They immediately screamed, and their cries attracted the attention of Miss Grace Partridge, housemaid, and Mr Barney Barnabas, groom at the hotel, who ran to the spot, and without divesting themselves of their clothing plunged in. Barnabas succeeded in bringing two of the children to the beach, while Miss Partridge rescued the third. The children were conveyed to Mr Linke's hotel, where they were promptly attended to by Mrs Lincke. They afterwards proceeded to their home apparently little the worse for their mishap. (94)

The wildlife of the area also had an impact on the employees and visitors as along

with pigeon shoots being held regularly, the native marine life made it appearance. I

remember my late father telling me of the sharks in Botany Bay and obviously this

was not based on urban myth.

Four big sharks appeared in 4ft. of water at Sandringham beach, Botany Bay (Sydney). Thirty people were bathing within 50yards. They refused to leave the water, and frightened the sharks away by splashing. An attempt made to catch the sharks by baited hooks was unsuccessful. (95)

Below: The Kogarah to Sans Souci tram arriving at the Prince of Wales Hotel,

Sandringham [picture].http://203.20.148.68/LocaHis/Jpeg/004/hotels_p_010.jpg

 

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The improvement of transport, with almost a tram to the door of the hotel, increased

patronage at the Prince of Wales. However on the 24 March 1914, they wanted to

close the pub down and reduce licences but Charles Linck persevered, thinking of

ways to increase patronage through entrepreneurial promotion of sports such as

boxing. The great American middleweight Eddie McGoorty was at the height of his

popularity and took a lot of money out of Australia as a result of his fights with the

famous Australian boxer, Les Darcy. McGoorty was knocked out by Darcy in two

fights in July and December in Sydney at the Sydney Stadium. McGoorty was

ensconced at the Prince of Wales and was heavily promoted during his two stays.(96)

It was a charming spot, and evidently the American preferred to be ''far from the

madding crowd” when in training.

 

Left: Steam Tram No 5A Sans Souci Shed, NSW 

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The boxing was a success and brought a new clientele to the hotel which was

continued into the 1950’s. Sadly for Les Darcy, he became embroiled in the politics

of conscription during the First World War, and left Australia for the United States to

avoid the aggravation. He died only two years after these fights, on 24 May

1917,whenhe was admitted to hospital with septicaemia and endocarditis. His tonsils

were also removed but he developed pneumonia and died. It was speculated to be

from dental work he received to replace teeth which had been knocked out during a

bout.(97)

As seen in earlier pictures in this work, the use of the grounds of the Prince of Wales

Hotel during this time period had been regularly captured by pharmacist and

photographer Joseph Brokenshire. As an amateur social historian, Brokenshire kept

Left: Les Darcy and Eddie McGoorty shake hands on the night of their first battle] [picture] 1915 1 photograph : b&w ; 19.3 x 14.2 cm. on mount 27.9 x 22.8 cm. Also available in electronic version via the Internet at: http://-nla.gov.au/nla.pic-vn3627227

http://catalogue.nla.gov.au/Record/3627227

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a photographic record of the festivities at the Prince of Wales hotel and the

surrounding pleasure grounds.

Sadly, the cruelty of World War One was starting to influence the social events of the

Sandringham locals. The Prince of Wales hotel hosted many fundraising events for

the war cause, provided a venue for military gatherings and recuperative excursions.

For those still at home in Australia, these events helped rally support for the troops

overseas and fundraise for the troop comforts.

SOCIAL. A successful dance was held recently at Prince of Wales Hall, Sandringham, in aid of the 34th Battalion Comforts Fund. Musical and elocutionary items were rendered by Misses Stiff and Radford, Messrs King and Blue. Miss Doris Fraser was hon secretary, Miss Violet Stiff (hon treasurer) announced that the sum of £32 10s was cleared. The committee, consisting or Mesdames Lamb (president of No 2 Comforts Fund), Herrmann, Perry, M'Millan, and Miss M Millan worked very energetically. (98)

 

 

Left: (n.d.) Clareville Pleasure GroundsThis view of the Clareville picnic and fairgrounds was taken from the first floor of the Prince of Wales Hotel, Sandringham, by Joseph Brokenshire, circa 1915 http://203.20.148.68/LocaHis/Jpeg/004/clareville_001.jpg

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As well as being the picturesque venue against which the Volunteer Regiment could

have their photograph taken, there were outings the pleasure grounds for injured

returned soldiers. One occurred in 1918 where the Red Cross held one of their

regular monthly outings.

OUTING TO SOLDIERS. To-morrow afternoon the Red Cross Motor Cycle Club will tender its monthly outing to wounded soldiers. The run will be to the Prince of Wales Hotel grounds at Sandringham. Side-cars will leave Randwick Hospital at 2, and Broughton Hall, Leichhardt, at 2.30.Those on the northern side of the harbor, visiting George's Heights and Braithwaite, will meet at Crow's Nest at 2 p.m. (99)

 

 

Above: (n.d.) The St. George Volunteer Regiment in front of the Prince of Wales Hotel,

Sandringham

http://203.20.148.68/LocalHis/Jpeg/004/st_george_vo_001.jpg

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Charles finally handed over the licence of the Prince of Wales Hotel in 1919 and

there is a Charles William Lincke who died in 1943 at Armidale (Registration no

7434/1943). Lincke can be said to have had a long and successful career in the hotel

business.

William Stuart Longton’s Short Stay

William Stuart Longton was born in 1876 in Surrey, England and in 1906 married

Ada Louise Ames. In 1919 William Longton is listed as the new licensee of the

Prince of Wales, having come to Sandringham from the Warren View Hotel, Enmore

Road, Marrickville. Longton is listed in Sands as being the licensee of the Warren

View from 1912 to 1918.

Whilst running the Warren View, Longton was victim of a physical assault which

warranted a report in the New South Wales Police Gazette. Obviously, there were

some dangers in being a publican during these later years, as will also be seen in

the next few years of the hotel’s existence.

Marrickville – A warrant has been issued by the Newtown Bench for the arrest of a man, name unknown, but who has been identified, charged with assaulting William Longton, at Marrickville, on the 6th ultimo. Offender is about 22 years of age, 5 feet 7 inches high, medium build, dark sallow complexion, dark hair; dressed in a dark sac suit, and a black felt hat, which he left behind. Complainant, William Longton, “Warren View Hotel”, Marrickville. (100)

William would have been quite happy to come to the more tranquil surroundings at

Sandringham, after such an event. He was advertising his venues parties, luncheons

and dinners and was encouraging patrons to visit the venue.

SEASIDE 'HOME AWAY FROM HOME.'THE PRINCE OF WALES HOTELSANDRINGHAM, W. LONGTON, Proprietor. PICNIC PARTIES.LUNCHEONS AND DINNERS CATERED FOR

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IN THEBEST STYLE. The Magnificent PICNIC and RECREATION GROUNDS FREE to GUESTS. Swings, etc. First-class Accommodation. SERVICE and CUISINE are Unexcelled. BILLY LONGTON will be pleased to SEE OLD FRIENDS and SPORTS at all times Phone, Kog. 4.(101)

William transferred the hotel licence to Albert Magull in 1922 and nothing much is

heard of him until his death at the age of fifty-three, in Kogarah in 1929.

Albert Magull

Albert Mugull arrived in Australia on the ship “Charles Dickens” on 26 February 1879

and married Annie Ryan in Glebe in 1908.Annie already had two sons, Michael and

David and a daughter Alice; the children’s father died the year Annie married Albert

and her children were brought up as Albert’s own. The first hotel Magull is listed as

having the license was the Donnell’s Hotel, Harris Street, Pyrmont. (102)

Magull was listed by Sands as being the licensee of the Quarry masters Hotel at 216

Harris Street from 1910 for nine years. The Magulls then moved to the The Rest at

Coogee, but sadly they were robbed whilst there. The thief had entered via an

unlocked door and stole jewellery and cash in the robbery. Details made the Evening

News but this robbery was reported in greater detail in the Police Gazette.

Thief at Coogee Taking advantage of a door which had been left unlocked, a thief entered the residence of Albert Magull. -"The Rest" Moore-street Coogee, on Saturday night, and stole a watch and chain and money to the total value of £30. (103)

Stolen between 11 pm (20th) and 7.30 am (21st) from a bedroom at The Rest, Moore Street Coogee a gent’s silver hunting watch, chain, a silver sovereign case, one ten pound note, two

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five pound notes, four sovereigns and a Bulgarian half sovereign. Total value thirty pounds – Identifiable. (104)

The next hotel that the Magull was licensee of was the Imperial Hotel, Rooty Hill,

which would have been a wonderful place to bring up a family. However, a tragedy

occurred regarding one of their employees, a Thomas Dowling whose body Annie

Magull had to identify, which appears to have led them to leave for The Prince of

Wales soon after the event. The accident was reported in grisly detail in the

newspapers of the time.

Doonside Fatality

THE INQUEST.

An inquest was held by the district coroner, Mr, A. Judges, at Penrith Court House, on Tuesday morning concerning the death of Thomas Dowling, who was killed on the railway near Doonside on Saturday, 8th February.

Dr. Higglns deposed: “On 21st February I examined certain remains of a man, the subject of this inquiry. The head was severed from the body, as was also the right arm, four inches below the elbow. The left humeral head was through the skin, etc., anterior to the joint. The left, leg was amputated five inches below the knee, and the skull bone, etc., were lying in fragments on the table. These injuries could be, and evidently were, caused through de ceased being knocked down and run over by a railway engine.”

Constable McPhcraon, Rooty Hill, deposed: “On Sunday morning, 19th Feb, at 8 p.m., I received a communication from the night officer on duty at Rooty Hill, stating that a man was lying on the railway line near Doonside, I went to the scene in company with the local fettlers, and there saw a man lying in the 4ft. road, on the down side, and his head facing towards Sydney. .His head was cut off, and, his left arm and leg were almost severed and crushed about. Part of his face and skull was scattered along the rails for a chain and a half. I, assisted by the fettlers, brought the body to Rooty Hill, where it was identified, by Mrs Magull as that of a man, Thomas Dowling, lately employed by them. I then took the body to the Nepean Cottage Hospital morgue to await burial. I saw the deceased at 11 p.m. on the 18th inst., on the hotel verandah. He was then not the worse for liquor. Several trains passed Rooty Hill between 11 p.m. and the discovery of the body.”

Albert McGull, licensee of the Imperial Hotel, Rooty Hill, deposed: “On 19th February I saw a body brought to my Hotel by the police, and identified it as that of Thomas Dowling, by the clothing, a shirt with black stripes, and grey trousers, which had been given to him by me. I have known deceased about five months, and last saw him at 10.30 on Saturday night, 18th inst. He was then sitting, on a form outside the hotel in a sleepy condition. He did not appear to be the worse for liquor. I did not see him leave, and I do not know where he went to. He had not had any drink, I understand, at the hotel that day. I was away, but my wife so informed me. It would be a mile along the line from my hotel to where the body was found”.

Francis Henry Dyer deposed: “I am an engine driver and reside at New town. On 19th Fobruary I was the driver at No. 34 goods train from Eskbank to Darling Harbor. Between Rooty Hill and Doonside my fireman informed me there was a man cut to pieces on the down line. This was about 7.40 a.m. I stopped the train, went back with the guard; and found the body of a man lying, on tho 4ft. of the down line. On going back, we found a hat on the up line. It contained portion of brains. About 50 yards further on we found the body lying face downward. The head was severed. The shirt was drawn up, over tho shoulders, and a pair of grey trousers were on the body. The left leg was cut in two places. Tho shoulders were facing Sydney and the legs were pointed westward.

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About 40ft. further on towards Sydney there were portions of brain lying about. A pair of lace-up boots were nearby. On the western side, 50ft. from the feet, a coat was lying, very torn and much worn. I saw part of the scalp near the boots and belt. I informed the gatekeeper near Doonside of the discovery. I also told the stationmaster at Blacktown, and asked him to inform the police. The remains appeared to be cold, and the blood on the leg was dry.”

A verdict of accidental death was returned.(105)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

The move to Sandringham would have been a welcome one after the ramifications of

such a horrendous accident. Magull took over the hotel lease from William Longton

in December 1922 and the family settled in to the Prince of Wales in time for

Christmas.(106)

Having to deal with the local imbibers had to be the lot of the hotelier, with violence

often being the final result of a big night out, as sometimes happens to this day. One

 

Left: Imperial Hotel,

Rooty Hill. C1930

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gentleman, Edward Steele had a very memorable night at the Prince of Wales, but

for all the wrong reasons.

HUMAN SKITTLES Two Out of Three

Edward Steele played up in the Prince of Wales Hotel, Sandringham, on February 5, as a

result of which he appeared on two charges at the Kogarah Court to-day. Constable Kinkade

said that defendant had fought a number of men. He struck three opponents and two of them

fell to the floor insensible. Steele appeared demented and explained that he some drink after

abstaining for six months and fined £2 for riotous behaviour and £3 for having used language.

(107)

In 1924, Sands shows that Albert Magull and family also had interests in the Imperial

Hotel at City Road, Sydney. It would have been difficult running two hotels at the one

time and trouble was brewing at the Imperial. Not that Magull had necessarily done

anything wrong, but rather had left the Imperial to run be run by one not as honest as

he. Despite not personally committing the crime, Albert Magull and another hotelier

had to pay for the crime of alcohol switching. His lawyer notes that Albert was by

now an invalid and was forced to depend on others to run his business.

 

HOTELKEEPERS FINED. WHISKY NOT UP TO STANDARD. Lewis Wyndham Bye, licensee of the Kent Hotel, Pitt-street, and Albert Magull, of the Imperial Hotel, City-road, were proceeded against at the Central Summons Court yesterday on Informations, which charged them with having sold -whisky not of the quality demanded. Both defendants pleaded guilty. For the prosecution it was slated that Inspector Lee, of the Pure Foods Department, had asked for particular brands of whisky' from the two hotels, but the Government Analyst's certificate showed that he had received substitute in each case. Mr. Hunt, who appeared for Magull, said that that his client was an invalid, and was forced to depend on others to look after his business. Bye was fined £2 with£3/16/9 costs, and Magull £5, with £2/17/ costs. (108)

The Magull family also suffered a tragic loss with the untimely death of their son

David Joseph Ryan, also a publican at the Glasgow Arms, Harris Street, Ultimo.

Strangely, this was also a hotel I frequented in my youth, when I was working at my

first real job after graduation from school, around the same period of time that I went

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to Mick Moylan’s. It was also one of the earlier publican’s hotels; Charles Hecht.

David Ryan’s funeral was a well-attended affair that received a lot of media coverage,

due to the high esteem in which he and the Magull family were held.

RYAN,-The Funeral of the late DAVID JOSEPHRYAN, late of Glasgow Arms Hotel, Harris street, Ultimo, will leave St. Francis Xavier's Church, Bulwarra-road, THIS FRIDAY, after Requiem Mass commencing at 9 a.m., for Catholic Cemetery, Rook-wood, by road. Motor Funeral. Friends travelling by funeral train leaving Mortuary Station, Regent street, city, at 9.33 a.m., alight at No. 1 platform in Cemetery (old ground). WOOD COFFILL LIMITED, Motor Funeral Directors. RYAN.-The Relatives and Friends of Mr. and Mrs. A. MAGULL are invited to attend the Funeral of their beloved SON, David Joseph Ryan; to leave St. Francis Xavier's Church, Bulwarra-road Ultimo, THIS FRIDAY, after Mass commencing at 9a.m., for Catholic Cemetery, Rookwood, old ground, by

road. Motor Funeral. WOOD COFFILL LIMITED.(109) Mr. D. J. Ryan. The death of the late Mr. David Joseph Ryan, of Harris-street, Ultimo, at Lewisham Private Hospital, on the 29th ult., removes an enthusiastic church worker, and a man of outstanding Christian charity, who enjoyed a wide esteem. The late Mr. Ryan, who was only 37 years of age, was educated by the Patrician Brothers at Redfern and Holy Cross College, Ryde, and was an active member of the Holy Cross Old Boys' Union. He was also an ex-alderman of the City Council, and took an active interest in the Labour movement for many years. Prior to the funeral, a Requiem Mass for the repose of his soul was celebrated by the Rev. Father Peoples at St. Francis Xavier's - Church, Ultimo, where the late Mr. Ryan served Mass for upwards of ten years, and where he was married. The Mass was very largely attended, the mourners including Mrs. Ryan (widow) and son, Mrs. A. Ma gull (mother), Mrs. W. J. Hickey (sister), Mr. Dick Ryan (brother), the Lord Mayor (Alderman Mostyn) and aldermen of the City Council, several members of Parliament, Patrician Brothers and present and past students of Holy Cross. The funeral, representative of all sections of the community, was nearly a mile long, and many affecting scenes along the streets through which the cortege passed testified to the deep regard, particularly among the poor,- in which deceased was held.. The interment took place at Rookwood, the last sad rites at the graveside being con ducted by the Rev. Dr.

Tuomey, P.P., assisted by theRev. Fathers Mclntyre, Peoples and McDonald.(110)

It is always tragic when parents outlive their child and David’s death would have

dealt the Magulls a sad blow. Not long after this tragedy, Mrs Magull was a victim of

a bag snatch whilst they were living at the Imperial Hotel. Annie was robbed on the

20th February at 11.30 am at the Imperial Hotel whilst walking on the City Road, of a

tan leather handbag, containing keys, gloves and four shillings. She was robbed by

two youths 18-20 years, 5 feet 7 inches, slight build, reddish complexion, grey suit,

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brown felt hat with dark brown band. With such a detailed description this rogue

could be identified by Mrs Magull, however, the other assailant could not be

described (111)

There had been more problems for Albert Magull with regard to the proposed sale of

the Imperial Hotel earlier that month. Albert appears to have done everything in his

power to help the young woman in this failed business dealing.

CLAIM UNDER AN ASSIGNMENT.Power v Kelly and another. In this case Florence Jane Power, of High street, South Strathfield, widow, as assignee of Albert Magull, of City-road, Sydney, hotel keeper, sued James Michael Kelly and David Henry Ellsmore (trading as Ellsmore and Kelly, hotel brokers), of Castlereagh-street, Sydney, to recover the sum of £200, amount of deposit paid in respect of the sale of a hotel at Darlington. Plaintiff's case was that in November last she saw defendant Ellsmore respecting the purchase of a hotel, and a few days afterwards Ellsmore told her that he had the Imperial Hotel, at City-road, for sale for £4400. Plaintiff told him that she did not have that amount, whereupon Ellsmore replied that that did not matter, that he would go into partnership with her, and would finance her, as he could, he said, get plenty of money. The same day plaintiff signed the contract, and paid a deposit of £200 to Ellsmore, who gave a receipt for the amount as agent of Albert Magull, the licensee of the Imperial Hotel. Ellsmore failed to finance plaintiff as he had promised, and she saw Mr. Magull, who after learning the facts, agreed to cancel the contract, and gave plaintiff an order to collect the £200 from defendants. Ellsmore at first promised to pay the whole amount, but afterwards offered to pity her half and hold the balance as a deposit against her projects. To this plaintiff would not agree, and she again saw Mr. Magull, who have her an assignment of the amount held by defendants. They had refused, however, to hand over the money. Defendants paid £62/10/ into Court In full satisfaction of plaintiff's claim, and pleaded never indebted as to the balance, which they said represented commission and expenses due by Mr. Magull to them in respect of the sale of the hotel. Mr. Shortland (instructed by Messrs. W. D. Schrader and McFadden) appeared for plaintiff; and Mr. Small (instructed by Messrs. Allen, Allen, and Hemsley) for the defendants. The jury returned a verdict in favour of the plaintiff for £200, including the amount paid into court. (112)

Sadly, Albert lost his beloved wife and business partner in 1937, who was farewelled

and buried with great acknowledgement by those who knew her, in recognition of her

kind and charitable deeds to others.

 

 

MRS. ANNIE MAGULL.

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The death of Mrs. Annie Magull at a private hospital, Ryde, on the 15th inst., has removed a practical and sympathetic benefactor of many of our Catholic orphanages and charities throughout the 50 years of her residence in the metropolitan area. Born at Adare, County Limerick, 75 years ago, the late Mrs. Magull came to Sydney while still a girl, and where she subsequently mar ried her first husband, the late Mr. James Ryan, who conducted the Castle Connell, and Austra lian Hotels for many years. Three children wereborn of the marriage — Alice (Mrs. W. J. Hickey, of Norfolk-road, Epping), Michael (deceased), and the late ex-Alderman David J. Ryan, of the City Council. The deceased is survived by her second husband, Mr. Albert Magull, of Coogee and Woy Woy, who formerly conducted the- Quarry man's Hotel, and the Imperial, City-road. Other members of the original family who came from Ireland with the deceased, are: Mr. M. Halpin, of Waverley, formerly of Goulburn, and Mr. David Normoyle, of Randwick. Requiem Mass for the repose of the soul of deceased was celebrated at Our Lady Help of Christians, Epping, by the Rev. Father W. Stevens, P.P., who also officiated at the graveside. — R.I.P. (113)

The electoral rolls show him to be on the Robertson, Gosford roll in 1926, 1930,

1937, with him living at Woy Woy. Albert died at Glebe Point Private Hospital on the

24 July 1937 just a matter of days after his wife’s death, thus ending both a

successful hotel business partnership as well as a marriage.

 

1930-1952 The Lesley Howard Ritchie Reign

Lesley Howard Ritchie was born 1882 in Geelong, Victoria (Registration No

18444/1882) and in 1912 he married Jessie (Madeline) May Eckersley in Petersham

in 1912 (Registration No 10991/1912). Jessie was only twenty one years of age

whilst Les was thirty years old.

Eight years later Leslie Howard Ritchie had the Lewisham Hotel, Parramatta Road,

Petersham transferred into his name, from that of Martha Caldwell. (114). Nothing is

heard of Lesley until 1926, when he had a gent’s diamond ring stolen from him whilst

he was living at the Freemason’s Hotel at Burwood. The ring was later recovered by

police.

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Lesley Howard Ritchie at the Freemason’s Hotel, Burwood had a gent’s single stone diamond ring with a claw setting stolen. (115)

Meanwhile,back at the Prince of Wales, there was a violent “affray” in 1924 where

the local constabulary came to save the day. This sort of behaviour obviously did not

faze the Ritchie family from taking up the licence of the bayside hotel. The Electoral

Rolls for District of Barton, Sub District Ramsgate, showed Leslie and sometimes

Jessie residing at the Prince of Wales Hotel during the period from 1930-1954. As

we will see later, Lesley could take care of situations if the need arose.

ATTACKED BY GANG. MAN BRUTALLY ASSAULTED. A serious affray in which a number of young men participated occurred late last night in the vicinity of the Prince of Wales Hotel at Sandringham. Following an argument a party of men set upon William Bondfield, aged 35 years, of Sandringham, who was kicked into unconsciousness and was later admitted in a serious condition to the St. George District Hospital. After felling him his assailants kicked him viciously, and only desisted when he lay inert and almost dead. His face was battered, his features being almost unrecognisable. It is feared that his skull has been fractured. Constable Kinkard, the local policeman, later arrested four men single-handed and locked them in a nearby hotel until the night patrol, under Sargeant McKnight, of the Regent-street station, which had been informed of the occurrence, arrived. The patrol took charge of the men, and they were taken on to the Kogarah Police Station, where they were formally charged with having inflicted grievous bodily harm. (116)

Obviously, the area was becoming a little more violent than in the times of the

previous licensees. However, sometimes something out of the ordinary would

happen as fate would decree; just a plain accident, although in this case the person

who was involved was out of the ordinary. It was reported in a few of the newspapers

of the time and it certainly puts a new slant on being “legless” at a hotel.

LEGLESS MAN INJURED, MOTOR DRIVER ARRESTED When a motor car crashed into an invalid chair near the Prince of Wales Hotel, Sandringham on Saturday, the occupant, George King of Sans Souci, was injured. He was taken to the St. George Hospital, where it was found that he was suffering from dislocation of the right shoulder. About 12 months ago King, who was run over by a tram at Kogarah, lost both his

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legs. The driver of the car was subsequently arrested and charged with having driven while under the influence of liquor.(117)

Ritchie had a rough welcome to the Prince of Wales but on this occasion he proved

himself to be very fit, a good shot and took matters into his own hands until the

Police arrived.

PUBLICAN ASSAULTED - THREE MEN FINED. Albert Edward Bishop, 27, a motor driver, and David Pert, 24, a carter, were each fined £10 at the Kogarah Police Court yesterday for having assaulted Leslie Ritchie at Sandringham on August 3Ritchie said that he was the licensee of a hotel at Sandringham About 2 30 p m on Sunday the defendants visited his hotel and demanded liquor When it was refused Bishop punched him, and Pert kicked him Another man, John Duffy, assaulted Albert Stone, a groom in Ritchie's employ, who went to witness's assistance Witness called to his wife to telephone for the police and to bring his gun The three men then ran away, and witness chased them He bailed up Bishop and Pert after a chase of over a quarter of a mile, and took them to a nearby tramway waiting-shed There Pert said, "It Is only a toy revolver " Witness fired a shot over their heads and held them till the police arrived. Dully, who is 35 years of age and a motor mechanic, was fined £5 for having assaulted Stone (118)

The life of a publican is never boring and the curious violence escalated in the

January of the following year after Ritchie tried to refuse service to an unusual patron

at closing time. There were several dramatic accounts of the event and its aftermath

in the press around Australia as far as Western Australia and Tasmania, for weeks

later.

HOTEL LICENSEE STABBED. Crippled Man Arrested. SYDNEY. Jan. 22.— After a scuffle in the Prince of Wales Hotel, Sandringham tonight, the licensee. Leslie Ritchie (40) was stabbed over the heart. Detectives arrested a crippled man and formally charged him with having wounded with intent to murder.(119) SYDNEY, Thursday. - With a knife wound that just missed his heart, Leslie Ritchie, licensee of the Prince of Wales Hotel, Sandringham, was admitted this evening to the St. George Hospital. It is alleged that about closing time he ordered a one-legged man out of the bar. The man threw a mug of beer at him. Ritchie followed him to the door and the cripple said, “Come any closer and I’ll stab you.” Pulling a penknife from his pocket he plunged it into Ritchie’s chest. When he tried to escape, he was caught by a groom. Ritchie’s dying depositions have been taken. The cripple has been charged with attempted murder. (120)

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For Trial On Stabbing Charge

Alfred Harold O’Rourke. 42, a cripple was committed for trial from Kogarah Court to-day on a charge or having feloniously wounded Leslie Howard Ritchie, with Intent to murder, at Sandringham on January 22. When charged in court. O'Rourke said: 'I had so much rum that day that I don't remember anything.' Bail was fixed at £100. Leslie Howard Ritchie, licensee of the Prince of Wales Hotel. Sandringham, said defendant stabbed him twice with a pen-knife. The first time the knife penetrated to within a quarter of an inch of his heart. (121)

It must have been getting too much for poor Jessie, who was living at Moss Vale

when their daughter Vera L Ritchie died in 1933 and had her death registered there.

(Registration No 15588/1933). By 1937, the marriage must have foundered, as

Jessie marries Thomas Lawrence James Ashcroft at the age of forty-six in Moss

Vale and Sands shows her to be living at Moss Vale still in 1943. The year 1937 was

as a sad one for the Ritchie family as they buried Lesley’s father in March of this

year.

On the positive side, Ritchie would have benefitted from the introduction, in 1937, of

a silent electric trolley bus that ran from Rockdale to Kogarah, Sans Souci and Dolls

Point up to 1959. The venue had a variety of entertainment with bands, boxing and

wrestling matches as well as the usual hotel frivolities. My parents often regaled me

with tales of this two decade earlier period at the Prince of Wales as I was growing

up in the sixties.

In 1944 Les Ritchie was in trouble with the Australian Taxation Office for lodging a

false income tax return. This titbit of information was spread across the papers as far

as Broken Hill.

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Stop Press- SYDNEY.-Charged with having furnished a false income tax return for 1940 Leslie Howard Ritchie, licensee of the Prince of-Wales Hotel, Sandringham, was fined £100 and ordered to pay £400 tax in the Central Summons Court today.(122)

During Ritchie’s time at the Prince of Wales, there were a series of advertisements in

the Sydney papers regarding a man called Douglas who was selling cars from the

premises during the period 1947-8. Nothing more can be learnt about him…his

definite surname or why and how he found himself at the hotel selling said cars. He

may have been a boxer called Arthur Douglas who hung around the hotel and was

regarded as a district pest. I was unable at this time to track down definitive

information on the man.

DISTRICT PEST ORDERED TO BEHAVE 'DEFENDANT Is a third-rate boxer, and he uses that to intimidate people, who are thereby induced to purchase beer for him, despite a prohibition order which has been issued. He is a pest to the district.' Constable Kinkaed referred thus at Kogarah Court to Edward Douglas, who was charged with offensive behavior. The constable stated that defendant was shadow-sparring among some frightened children, in the grounds of the Prince of Wales Hotel, Sandringham, on January 7. 'After that,' he added, 'Douglas put his arms around the merry-go-round proprietor and at tempted to kiss him.' Douglas was bound over to be of good behavior for twelve months. (123)

In 1948 Ritchie took the publican’s licence with him when he left the Prince of Wales

to establish a new hotel on the corner of Rocky Point Road and Ramsgate Road at

Ramsgate. This hotel is now known as the Intersection, which still remains on the

same site

PUBLIC NOTICES - SCHEDULE 12, LIQUOR. ACT. 19121946. SECTIONS 39 (1) AND 39A(1). NOTICEOFAPPLICATION FORA CONDITIONAL REMOVAL OP A PUBLICAN'S LICENCE

I, LESLIE HOWARD RITCHIE, of Prince of Wales Hotel, Sandringham, in the State of New South Wales. Licensed Publican an Hotelkeeper, do hereby give notice that I desire to obtain and will at the Licensing Court for the Metropolitan Licensing District, to be held at Water Police Court, Sydney, on me Sixteenth day of February, 1948 apply for an Order conditionally granting the removal of the Publicans Licence for premises known as Prince of Wales Hotel.

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Sandringham, In the said Licensing District, to premises to be erected at Ramsgate, in the said Licensing District, County of Cumberland, Parish of St, George, Municipality of Rockdale, being Lot 17 Deposited Plan No 2032, having a frontage of about 52 feet 5 inches to Rocky Point Road, with a rear line of about 52 feet 5 Inches, and a depth along Ramsgate Road of about 141 feet and a depth along the other side of about 141 feet or such extension or diminution thereof as may be approved by the said Licensing Court in accordance with Plans lodged with the said Court Dated at Sydney this Thirtieth day of January. 1948 L H RITCHIE, Licensed Publican and Hotelkeeper, Prince of Wales Hotel. Sandringham(124)

This left the building and site without a name and licence when it was sold to Mick

Moylan in 1952 for 56,000 pounds, a considerable amount of money for the time.

Leslie Howard Ritchie died in 1957 in Rockdale (Registration No31004/1957) and

Jessie May died in 1964 in Rockdale (Registration No 14289/1964) (125)

 

Left: Circa 

1950. 

On left : 

Rocky Point 

Hotel Cnr of 

Ramsgate Rd 

and Rocky 

Point Rd 

http://www.f

lickr.com/ph

otos/740040

41@N06/828

2963681/ 

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Mick Moylan’s Period (The Last Publican)

The hotel that lives in my memory, for the site will always be known to me as Mick’s

or Moylan’s, famously named after the last proprietor Michael Eugene Moylan, is this

hotel. I can still feel the fine sand between my toes and the gentle swish of the

eddying tide as I paddled at the water’s edge as a child in the 1960’s. My parents

had spent many a fun night at the Prince of Wales Hotel when they were a young

married couple and I was to follow in their footsteps in the early 1980’s. Ironically, of

all the publicans researched, Mick Moylan had the most limited information.

Michael Eugene Moylan was born on the 29 October 1918 in Lancaster, Lancashire,

England. His future wife Mavis Emilie Wesley was born on the 3 July 1920 in Mackay,

Queensland. They married in 1943 at North Sydney and soon bought their first

establishment, which was the Welcome Hotel at 91 Evans Street, Rozelle. The

Welcome Hotel was a successful business which had been established in 1877. (126)

 

Left: Welcome

Hotelcirca1930.

http://www.gdayp

ubs.com.au/NSW/s

ydney/rozelle/502

98/welcome‐

hotel.html 

71  

Whilst living here, their first daughter Maria (Rea) Moylan was born and the proud

parents announced the news in the press. Always the entrepreneur, Mick also used

the announcement as an advertisement for the establishment, with particular

wording promoting the hotel. Maria was a lovely early Christmas present for her

loving parents.

MOYLAN.-December 22. 1951. At St Luke's Hospital, to Mavis and Michael, Welcome Hotel. Rozelle, a gift of a daughter.(127)

Their family grew with the birth of another daughter, Patricia Margaret Moylan in

1953 at their new business venture, the Prince of Wales. Mick fulfilled his dream to

own a suburban pub when he purchased the Prince of Wales Hotel in 1952. As

Stated earlier, he paid fifty six thousand pounds for the hotel, a considerable amount

of money considering Les Ritchie had taken the licence and name with him when he

had left for Ramsgate. The Moylans turned the now ramshackle hotel into a venue of

entertainment for thousands of locals over decades. They provided entertainment

both inside the hotel and in the beer garden that was on the edge of the water at the

point at Sandringham.

In August 1952, the area was devastated by severe storms over a period of weeks,

with roads cut by both sand and water. The hotel lost fifty metres of the waterfront

due to erosion and storm surge and this type of erosion continues to this day.

WATERFRONT EROSION Storms which have lashed the waterfront at Botany Bay for several weeks have caused serious erosion. So much sand was swept on to the General Holmes Drive in the Brighton area that Rockdale Council used a grader to clear it. The storms have also caused erosion at Doll's Point and Sandringham. In the last year about 50 feet of the waterfront behind the

72  

Prince of Wales Hotel, Sandringham, has disappeared. Water is lapping within 10 feet of the hotel. Rockdale Council, in an attempt to save some Norfolk pine trees on the water's edge at Sandringham, has been dumping immense stones around them. The pine trees are more than 100 feet high. Rain at Sans Souci and Sandringham yesterday was so heavy that water surrounded some houses, in some cases up to two feet deep.(128)

Mick and Mavis’s daughter Rea Hewitt remembered the talent quests, beauty

contests, shows and the latest bands that entertained the locals. The hotel would

have been a wonderful place to grow up in, with the surrounding grounds and the

beautiful beachfront.

"Dad really made the entertainment the attraction because he didn't have poker machines or Sunday trading. In those days, Dad owned the point and he was very generous, letting fishermen access the water. Dad was a showman. We had circuses for the kids and he imported big American cars from Detroit that were always on show in the car park. We would have huge bonfires on cracker night."(129)

 

 

Left: Show girls at Mick Moylans circa 1960 

http://cdn.fairfaxregional.com.au/silverstone-feed-data/22aea363-d200-460b-8057-1aebf04d8312.jpg

 

73  

 

 

 

Above: Rear view of the Prince of Wales Hotel, Sandringham, June 1956 [picture]. 

http://203.20.148.68/LocaHis/Jpeg/004/hotels_p_001.jpg 

Below: Acrobatic dancer, Mick Moylan’s circa 1955

http://cdn.fairfaxregional.com.au/silverstone-feed-data/772502cd-

088c-45c5-b09d-2d3fbe040043.jpg

 

74  

In 1961, Mick and Mavis demolished the Prince of Wales and built Hotel Sans Souci,

popularly known far and wide as Moylan's throughout the community. The hotel had

accommodation, as the old Prince of Wales had done, which the Moylan family

hoped would encourage visitors from all over the world to stay at the beautiful venue.

There was a spacious public bar, dining room and an extensive saloon lounge

overlooking the water.

Mick Moylan wanted to create a welcoming environment for all visitors to the hotel,

young or old, male or female. Due to the licencing laws of the day, women were not

allowed in the public bar…a bastion of masculinity. The large saloon lounge provided

an area where wives and mums could relax and watch over their children playing

outside. The Moylans wanted the hotel to be a truly family venue.

 

Left: John Charter Trio' playing at Mick Moylan's Pub 1957.Johnny Burns, Bob Bertles and me 

http://www.ch

artermusic.com

.au/photo%20g

allery.htm 

 

75  

Mick Moylan had wonderful ideas for the hotel, strongly supported by his wife Mavis

who looked after the accommodation, the paperwork and the staff. It was a happy

place to work and Mavis ’sense of humour and laughter added to the pleasant

atmosphere of the Sans Souci Hotel.

Sadly, Mick Moylan died of a heart attack aged only forty nine on the 19 April, 1969.

The hotel remained known as Moylans long past his death, such was his legacy. To

this day Sandringham Point is still spoken of as Mick Moylans. Mavis decided to sell

the property and settled at Sans Souci with her two daughters, remaining in Sans

Souci due to her love of the area.

Mick Moylan was remembered in many areas of the community after his death. The

Ramsgate clubhouse of the Ramsgate Life Saving Club had a trophy cabinet which

had been donated in Mick Moylan’s name, connecting the Club to the Sandringham

Hotel.(130) The hotel continued to be a venue of entertainment and music until its

sale to developers. That’s Right and The Celibate Rifles were both bands which

played at Mick Moylan’s, with the Celibate Rifles even recording an album at Mick

Moylan’s, Sans Souci, on 29 November 1992. (131).

Sadly, the 'Sans Souci Hotel' or Moylan’s has been demolished, with the site now

occupied by an exclusive housing development that is roughly between Zealander

Street and Long Street in Clareville Avenue, and is on the bay front side of the

76  

avenue. There is no longer a venue for people to enjoy gathering for food, music and

friendship. Patricia Moylan passed away in 2003 but the wonderful Mavis Moylan

only recently died on the 18 March 2012 still residing in her beloved Sans Souci.

The erosion issues still plague the Sandringham Point, as if nature is trying to claim

back what it originally owned. One can only think about the ghosts of the people who

once lived and worked on the bayside point as you stand watching the ebb and flow

of the tide…..

Sandringham Point, St George and Sutherland Shire Leader, Thursday 25 July

2013 p. 6

77  

 

 

St. George and Sutherland Shire Leader Thursday 18 July 2013

78  

In Conclusion

Finally, the exploration of the lives of the men and their families, their times of fun

and enjoyment, their hard work and tragedy, their times at the Pub on the Point is

finished. I wonder what will happen to the site, now that the ocean is again trying to

reclaim its land. I wonder what someone will discover about Sandringham Point in

the next hundred years. Will resources still be accessible for researchers, will the

digital age be able to the keep the newspapers in a viable form or will the history of

such sites become transient and forgotten. I have found the resources available at

Trove to have been a wonderful help to the researcher of social history. I would love

to be still around to see what the future will bring for my children and their children,

but I know they will have this research left to them.

Karen Pentland

BA Dip Lib, Grad Dip (Ed), MA Applied Science (TL)

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Licensee’s

Holt built initial hotel as his house

1865-1868 (3 year lease) Frederick Dettman but lost lease

1866 W E Rust takes over lease

12 December 1883 W E Rust license granted to Edward D Tollemache, also mentioned Messrs Whelow, Tidswell and Cauvarel

4 August 1886 Thomas Ridgeway to Edward D Tollemache

14 September 1887 Ernest D Tollemache transferred licence to Edward M Byrne (with a billiard licence)

21 May 1888 A Cauvarel proprietor

1890 Frederick F Evers

1 July 1891 Carl H. Luicke (Linke, Lincke, Links)licence renewed

2 November 1892 Carl Links to Charles Hecht

1889-1902 Ernest Tollemache running the hotel again

1902-1917 Carl Links again as Charles Lincke

9 December 1922 William Longton to Albert Magull

1930-1954 Lesley Ritchie

1952 Mick Moylan buys pub for 56,000 pounds.

1961 Mick Moylan demolishes the Prince of Wales Hotel and builds the Hotel Sans Souci, which was always known as 'Mick Moylans".

Early 1990’s The Hotel Sans Souci was also demolished to make way for an exclusive housing development.

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Reminiscences

I had happy recollections of the pub, so I decided to interview some people regarding

their memories of the pub on the point at Sandringham. I sent out questionnaires to

my colleagues, friends and even my family and was astounded at the speed the

answers entered my email inbox, although in the case of some of the people from

the 1950’s I interviewed them as they did not use the Internet. Below is a selection

from those who contributed to my research.

1950’s and 1960’s

“My German mother vividly recalls her early life at Sans Souci where our family had

a farming holding near the corner of Fontainebleau and Napolean Streets back prior

to WW2. To this day, she clearly recalls events of that era …. Her memories are still

clear on Mick Moylan's pub and other activities where folk sold fish at the pub caught

off the nearby beach along with other "items".

Mo

“The pub was called Lousy Les’s when I used to go there with my husband Kevin

and friends. We were living at Miss Rankin’s in Banksia in 1957. We regularly went

there with Neville Doxy who lived in Rockdale and his girlfriend Denise and we used

Kev’s car to get there on weeknights. The car was a big old Ford, a 1930 or 1940’s

model and would all climb in to go to the pub. Denise lived in Hollywood Street

Monterey, so we always picked her up on the way.I remember they had night

wrestling on Monday nights, which was a big drawcard at that time. They used 44

gallon drums alight with wood fires outside in winter to warm your selves in the beer

garden, these kept the area lovely and warm. There were sometimes big bands and

there would be dancing.The drink of choice for the men was beer and the ladies

81  

always drank Pimm’s No 1 Cup. It was a fun place to catch up with friends and was a

cheap night out for a young married couple. “

Shirley (My mum)

“Mick Moylan's was named after Mick Moylan the owner of the pub down there which

in later years was owned by Rolly Tasker. After a session you could run the boat up

close to the pub which opened at 10am. Those days pubs closed at 6pm. When

pubs were allowed to stay open till 10pm you could go to Mick Moylan's and watch

the early years of rock and roll developing and see the Allen bros ( the Late Peter

Allen, the other part of the Allen Bros who started off in a talent quest at the Allawah

Pub ), Booka Hyland, Johhny Reb and Ralph Stock on the drums.”

Jewgaffer

1970’s

“My neighbour at Hurstville Grove made toffee apples and sold them down at Mick

Moylan’s when we were kids.”

Steve

“Mick Moylan’s was our venue (1975-1979) after university trials and tribulations,

whenever we had access to a car or petrol money for someone who did. We would

rush home from North Sydney on a Friday night, often in my friend’s silver Toyota

Celica and zoom down to Mick’s. We were a group of six female students. We

always went inside, where there was live bands, dancing and a smorgasbord of boys

to dance with….fun til the place closed at midnight (Due to residential neighbours

surrounding the venue). We also went on Saturday afternoon sport for heart

rechargers after the game. We never went Saturday night’s…..we would be off at

parties held by the boys we had meet the night before at Mick’s.

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We sometimes ate the BBQ food, mostly we had nibbles with drinks….the drink of

choice early in my time there was a Harvey Wallbanger, moving on in later years to a

more sophisticated Scotch and Coke.

It was always so much fun, wildly good fun, lots of laughs, dancing, singing and the

occasional drink. It was always such a relaxed place, not a meat market; boats

would pull up on the beach, passengers go and get a drink and relax by the water’s

edge. I remember the open fires in winter…..the place to be on a Friday night,

summer or winter!”

Maria. R

“The year was 1977….pool, beers and an open BBQ to cook your own steak…a

novelty at the time….good memories!”

Maria. L.

“Hi Karen, here are my answers, as far as I can remember......I first went to Mick

Moylan’s in 1977 with work friends. I did not live in the area and worked at the State

Bank of NSW at Surry Hills, but most of my colleagues lived in the St George area. It

was a regular place for us to go and would often see bands there, but for the life of

me I cannot remember what their names were. I didn’t go there with my family, rather

it was with my friends for drinks and a chat then off to a local club. I didn’t really go to

the Beer Garden mostly we stayed inside the pub. We were usually dressed up in

going out clothes, as we would kick on from there. I never swam, fished or sailed at

the beach, but we would eat there, sometimes from a set menu and sometimes from

the “Choose and Cook (BBQ) Your Own Meat and Salad Bar”. My lasting memory of

Mick Moylan’s is it being our favourite haunt and a great place for drinks with friends.”

Alana

83  

“I think it was about 1973 the first time I ever went to Mick Moylan’s. It wasn’t a

regular place for me to go but it was a great backup place if we were looking for a

place that was not Northies! I unfortunately never saw any bands there. I went there

with my friends at this time and later in the mid 80’s I went there with my young

family. It was very family friendly with kid’s meals and a barbeque from memory

where you could cook your own. There was a great kid friendly area too, where the

kids could play, always had a great time with a family get together at Mick’s. I usually

wore going out clothes and I never swam, sailed or fished there at the beach. My

lasting memory of the place though, remains to this day, as when I had a massive

blue with an ex-boyfriend there...lots of people in the pub at the time ...I couldn’t wait

to leave! Hope these few words provide something for your interest Karen.”

Jann

 

“I remember going to Mick Moylan’s in the 1970’s, even though I was under age. I

had to stay in the Beer Garden where families could sit in the sun, with the oldies

drinking beer and shandies, the kids drinking homemade Pub lemon squash in long

glasses with pink striped waxed straws that would go mushy as you lingered over

your drink. You would swim in Botany Bay and sit in damp cossies in the late

afternoon sun. Some of my friends sailed near there and we go back and sit in the

Beer Garden after a day’s sailing. In September 1979 I finally turned eighteen and

could enter the hallowed doors of the pub. It became a regular Saturday/Sunday

afternoon stop coming back from the beach at Eloura. Sandy feet, sunburned noses,

crocheted cossies and sarongs, the evening air would have the mingled scents of

Reef Oil Tanning Lotion and Aerogard. Some of my friends entered the Miss Beach

Girl competition, but you had to be brave to parade in skimpy bikinis amidst the

cheering, booing and catcalls. In winter we would go back there after netball, for

drinks and dinner, always certain we would meet up with friends there. One Grand

Final afternoon, we celebrated our teams win sweaty and noisily in the dining area

throwing our netball bibs up into the ceiling fans. The boys used to cook the meat, all

standing in a row, beer in hand, whilst the girls sat and chatted with white wines or

bottled wine coolers. I still remember the taste of BBQ’d sole and salad! I was sad

when the site was sold off, the old Pub torn down and a housing estate built. Mick

84  

Moylan’s will always linger in my memory as a place of relaxed fun enjoyed with

friends.”

Karen

“We used to go there on Sundays after soccer and would more often than not be

there all day. I used to go to Shades on Sunday afternoons as well. It was packed

and definitely the place to be. Mick's was just a great place to catch up with friends

over a few drinks (and then some). People would park their boats off there and come

in for drinks/supplies. I think the introduction of RBT and the proximity of the pub to

regular transport may have contributed to its demise. I remember people

complaining about the police setting up RBT in the same street (Clareville Ave). The

place was definitely targeted on a Sunday. Because people couldn't drive they went

elsewhere (or just got older and stayed at home like me).

Mum's sister used to go there when it was Lousy Les's but no stories to tell”.

Mel

“Mick’s was to place to go in the late 70’s, usually Wednesday nights and Sunday

afternoons. We ate there once or twice but mainly went there for social drinks. I used

to go there with my boyfriend (now husband) and our friends. There were various

parties held there in later years, when it was a quiet place, less raging. I remember

one fancy dress birthday party we attended there in the later 1980’s. We always had

a good time at Mick’s!”

Christine

85  

“Mick Moylans … go back to my parent’s day. Mick's (Sans Souci Hotel) was where

we used to go as a whole family -Dad could go up into the pub and we could play on

the beach, I did the same with my kids ... they used to have bands on Sunday

arvos…. All tore down!!!!!!!!" Take paradise and put up another parking lot”

Narrell

“Mick Moylan’s on a sunny Sunday afternoon.....how good was that!”

BigBad Thorney

“Mick Moylan’s down San Souci was similar... no dress regs, we used to go over by

boat, get smashed and boat it home again.”

Truckster

1980’s

“I first went to Mick Moylan’s in 1980, I was underage before then! I went there to

drink - why else? My first memory is the Christmas Eve of that year and going to

Mick’s to celebrate Chrissy with workmates from St George County Council. I went

there regularly during the 1980’s, it became regular - up to 3 to 5 times per week. I

saw comedians, for example Austen Tayshus during the period 1986-87, and

numerous DJ's in the Kurnell Room, including William Shakespeare (who was known

as a singer from the 1970's). I can't remember any bands, but there must have been

some. I remember the odd Beach Girl competition being very popular with the guys. I

always went to Mick’s with friends - from workmates, to old school friends, to

flatmates and assorted other friends. Most memorable is going there with the soccer

crowd, with the ladies team after a game on Sundays –this was a regular for us. The

Beer Garden - yes of course - the place to be on a Sunday afternoon after soccer,

86  

sitting in the winter sun. My biggest memory about the place is getting drunk, once or

twice (or three or four hundred times). We normally wore shorts and thongs –when

we came there straight from the beach in summer, we never wore anything dressier

than jeans. I never really ate there Mick's was a place for drinking, pure and simple. I

do remember having a conversation with an old school mate about who made the

best hamburger at Micks and judged by other school mates - I won, of course! My

lasting memory is that it was somewhere you could go, in any state of undress that

you wanted, have a great time with as few or as many friends as you wanted, and

get drunk. It was a meeting place without pretentions, for all. Hope this helps - feel

free to ask anything else. Good luck!”

Mick

“My Cousins saw AC/DC at Mick Moylan’s in the 1980’s”

Unamed

“Mick’s….Sunday mornings, used to go there with my mate William before we went

to Northies at Cronulla to work our shifts. We would eat an early lunch there, usually

a steak on the BBQ. It was the only place to go to before work with my work mates.

Always a nice feel about the place, we bought oysters and prawns of a local bloke in

the mornings. If you knew friends with a boat, you would hitch a ride in. Some friends

bought an old boat and put an outboard on it, just so they had the cachet of pulling

up there in a boat. It was such an old clinker, it eventually sank! At Easter, especially

on Good Friday, we would all go there and have BBQs and go fishing. My late Uncle

Max, always had a good word about the place, he loved it there. I didn’t see any

bands there, because I was there in the mornings, but I think the Cockroaches used

to play there before they became the Wiggles. A great get together place; a shame

they tore it down….”

Grantley

87  

“I first attended Mick Moylan’s in 1984 for a social occasion in the Beer Garden. It

was a regular place for me to go. The only live music I saw there was from a house

band whose name is forgotten. I went there with both friends and family. We would

go to the beach end and watch some boats come in. Then we would head to the

Bistro and get hot damper and drinks and catch up with anyone and everyone. I

loved the Beer Garden and the best night of the year was Christmas Eve. It was a

real event; everyone that you could possibly know would be there…Friends, family,

acquaintances. When I received my HSC results the whole year attended Micks and

we all celebrated and commiserated there together. I usually wore beach attire at

Mick’s, sometimes casual style clothes, jeans etc. I swam at Sandringham Beach

sometimes but would always put my feet in the water. I ate at either the set menu or

BBQ whenever I was there and I always ordered the hot damper and butter. My

lasting memory of the pub was it was the best thing ever; not too rough or too

sophisticated. It had a homely feel that allowed friends to meet, particularly on

Sunday afternoons. Great times and I miss the place as there is nothing out in the

market place that has the same feel.”

Belinda

“My first memory of the Saints was watching the 1985 Grand Final down at Mick

Moylans in Dolls Point”

Sans Souci Sainter

“I can remember two St George footballers , the Toga brothers, they were always a

fixture there when I went.”

Steve

“In 1987, Mick’s was the place to be the day your HSC results came out…it was by

mail in those days. I went to St George Girls and we and the Sydney Tech boys met

there for HSC celebrations or commiserations. We also went there the day of your

88  

last HSC exam, you kept going over a few weeks as your friends all finished their

exams.

I met my future husband’s friends there the night after our first date in early 1991.

We also went on Sunday afternoons, drinking our West Coast Coolers in the car in

the carpark, as cheap pre-drinks, then went inside and sat on one or two drinks all

night. You always had a designated driver so you could get there. We saw the

House Band sometimes, but mainly sat outside on the summer nights.”

Krissa

Memories of Mick Moylans:

There is an famous quote saying “if you can remember the 1960’s you weren’t really

there”. The same applies to Mick Moylan’s and anybody that remembers Mick

Moylan’s didn’t really drink enough. So everybody remembers going to Mick

Moylan’s, but not too many people would remember being there, or more importantly,

getting home.

For me, Mick Moylans was the unofficial school reunion held on Christmas Eve for

many years. People I had gone to school with, but hadn’t seen for twelve months

would appear like distance travellers drawn to a symbolic event (and given the

calendar date), not dissimilar to the birth of the baby Jesus. However instead of there

being three wise men, farm animals, a tradesmen and a pregnant woman, sadly

Mick Moylan’s didn’t have the wise men. I’m also sure that after the night, there were

soon to be a few more pregnant women thanks to other tradesmen at the tavern and

their parents would soon become very familiar with the Lords name upon discovery

of the news.

Needless to say Christmas Eve was, for many years, the biggest event of the year.

However for hundreds of late teens / 20 something’s, Christmas Day was not so

enjoyable.

89  

A more sobering memory was meeting at Mick Moylan’s after receiving our HSC

results. We were sitting around discussing our next step in life when one of our

friends started playing with a cigarette lighter. Unfortunately this friend had an afro

like something out of the Jackson’s (the early years), oily and unwashed and

unbeknown to him, the lighter turned up high. Needless to say the hair went up in

flames, there were some pants shattering and a good laugh, but fortunately no

serious damage was done. I have not been in touch with the friend for many years,

but I understand he is now a highly respected Sydney Urologist (with a new

hairstyle).

Damian

“I went there in the period from 1988-1991 and I remember it closing down with

regret. It was the only place on a Sunday afternoon to go to, specifically. A good

music site, saw bands there as well as the house band, the Hoodo Gurus and Mental

as Anything to name two.

Al a carte dinning, with a quick meal to catch up with friends on a sunny day. Some

of the guys we went out with had boats and we would go by boat to Mick’s and

spend the afternoon there.

A good place with a great vibe, similar age people catching up- the only place to be

on a Sunday!

Justine

“We used to go there after the beach in our bikinis and sarongs in summer; in winter

we would be in the big back room with the open fire. It was the place to go to; you

could always find a friend there.”

Felicity

90  

“One Tuesday night each month, we had a club meeting to supposedly discuss the

running of the club. All club members were welcome to attend and the usual venue

was the old Mick Moylan’s Pub at Sans Souci, in reality it was a chance for

everybody to have a beer and a chat. In the end, it was a wonderfully creative

environment which really did bind us together as a club.”

Adam

“When dad passed away we scattered his ashes in the water out from Pilgrims

Beach at Sans Souci near where the old Mick Moylan’s Hotel stood.”

Glenn

“Hoodoo Gurus remember when I saw the guys live at an invite only gig at Mick

Moylan’s hotel at San Souci in 90's.....that was the week Dave cut his hair

short....was an awesome night”

Margie

“In place of Mick Moylan's there is a nice gated retirement village with oldies waiting

to call the police, mace you, taser you or shoot you at the drop of a hat or a Charlton

Heston western.”

Slowman

91  

Appendix 1

Mick Moylan’s Pub Questionnaire First name

1. When did you attend Mick Moylan’s for the first time? (Year if remembered and why)

2. Was it a regular place for you to go?

3. Did you ever see any bands there?

4. Did you go there with family or friends? Describe what a usual visit would be like.

5. Did you frequent the beer garden? If so, what are some of your memories of the beer garden?

6. What did you wear when you attended? (sporting uniforms, going out clothes, beach attire)

7. Did you swim, sail, fish at Mick’s beach?

8. Did you eat there? If so what did you choose (Did you BBQ yourself or choose a set menu.)

9. What is your lasting memory of the pub?

92  

Footnotes

(1) Attenbrow, Dr Val. Place Names Chart. [Chart] Last Updated 24 December 2009. Australian Museum, Sydney. Available at: http://australianmuseum.net.au/Place-names-chart. Accessed 12 April 2013

(2) State Library of NSW. Chart of the coasts and harbours of Botany-Bay, Port-Jackson and Broken-Bay, as survey'd by Capt.n John Hunter of H.M.S. Sirius [Cartographic material] / [William Bradley] [Album view]. Last updated 2007, State Library of New South Wales, Sydney. Available at :http://acms.sl.nsw.gov.au/album/albumView.aspx?itemID=913700&acmsid=0. Accessed 12 April 2013

(3)  Smith, Keith Vincent, 'Pemulwuy', [Article] Dictionary of Sydney Trust, 2010. Available at: http://www.dictionaryofsydney.org/entry/entry/pemulwuy Accessed 24 May 2013

(4) Keneally, T. (2007) The Commonwealth of Thieves. Vintage, London. p.301

(5) Lawrence, Joan. (1996) op cit. p.5

(6) Wikipedia,” Lady Robinsons Beach”. [Article] Last modified 13 February, 2013. Available at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lady_Robinsons_Beach Accessed 16 April 2013.

(7) Mark D. and Laila E., Scratching Sydney’s Surface [Blog] Available at: http://scratchingsydneyssurface.wordpress.com/tag/coopers-distillery/. Accessed 17 April 2013

(8) Dunn, Cathy, “Robert Cooper: Pioneer of Burrill Lake, Ulladulla, NSW”. [Article] Last modified 1999, Internet Family History Association of Australia. Available at: http://www.historyaustralia.org.au/ifhaa/bios/robertcooper.htm. Accessed 16 April 2013

(9) Trove: Digitised newspapers and more. National Library of Australia, Canberra .” Family Notices” [Article], Sydney Morning Herald, Thursday 19 September 1850,p3. Available at: http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/12921175 Accessed 24 May 2013

(10) Rolfe, Dominic , The Postcode: 2219 [Article], Sydney Morning Herald, 31 August 2012. Available at: http://www.smh.com.au/lifestyle/the-postcode-2219-20120827-24vnf.html. Accessed 16 April 2013

(11) Trove: Digitised newspapers and more. National Library of Australia, Canberra “The Merchants’ Dinner” [Article] Sydney Morning Herald, Friday 31st July, 1874, p 6. Available at: http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/13346649Accessed 26 April 2013

93  

(12) Salt, Daphne (2004) “Captain Cook is Commemorated at Kurnell- James Cook’s First Australian Landfall” in Sutherland Shire Historical Society Inc Bulletin, Volume 7, Number 4, November 2004. p 19

(13) Trove: Digitised newspapers and more. National Library of Australia, Canberra“ Licensing Business” [Article] Sydney Morning Herald, Wednesday 13 November 1878, p.7. Available at: http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/13416887. Accessed 15 May

(14) Blewett, Graham (no date)“Lugarno History- Oyster Culture in the Georges River” in Ferries and Farms : A History of Lugarno Available at: https://sites.google.com/site/lugarnohistory/home/oyster. Accessed 15 May 2013

(15) Ancestry.com.au, “The Selmon Story”. Updated 22 April 2013. Available at: http://trees.ancestry.com.au/tree/28093556/person/5131675005/media/2?pgnum=1&pg=0&pgpl=pid%7cpgNum. Accessed 15 May 2013

(16) Goodall, Heather and Cadzow, Allison (2009) Rivers and Resilience: Aboriginal People on Sydney's Georges River UNSW Press, Sydney .p 102

(17) Hurstville City Library Museum Gallery – Hurstville City Timelinehttp://lmg.hurstville.nsw.gov.au/Hurstville-City-Timeline.html Accessed 15 May 2013

(18) Trove: Digitised newspapers and more. National Library of Australia, Canberra “Metropolitan District Court, [Article] Empire, Wednesday 27 June, 1866. http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/60592045 p.3. Accessed 15 May 2013

(19) Trove: Digitised newspapers and more. National Library of Australia, Canberra “Georges River Picnic” [Article] Sydney Morning Herald , Tuesday 13 September 1870, p 5. Available at http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/13216719#pstart1458871Accessed 21 May 2013

(20) Ancestry.com.[Database on-line] Australia Marriage Index 1788-1950. Last modified 2010. Available at http://search.ancestry.com.au/cgi-bin/sse.dll?rank=1&new=1&MSAV=1&msT=1&gss=angs-g&gsfn=casyra&gsln=florington&cpxt=1&catBucket=rstp&uidh=hh2&cp=2&pcat=ROOT_CATEGORY&h=4600790&recoff=6+7&db=AusMarrIndex&indiv=1. Accessed 1 July 2013

(21) Wikipedia. “Miller’s Point, New South Wales” [Article] Last modified 14 March 2013. Available at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Millers_Point,_New_South_Wales

94  

(22) New South Wales, Australia Police Gazettes 1864.”IV Robberies from the Person” page 21. Available at http://search.ancestry.com.au/iexec?htx=View&r=5544&dbid=1942&iid=31842_216734-00025&fn=Frederick&ln=Dettmann&st=r&ssrc=&pid=54054. Accessed 20 May 2013

(23) Trove: Digitised newspapers and more. National Library of Australia, Canberra “Advertisements” [Article]Sydney Morning Herald, Wednesday 5 July, 1865, p. 2. Available at: http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/13115471?searchTerm=dettmans&searchLimits=l-publictag=San+Souci Accessed 15 June 2013

(24) Trove: Digitised newspapers and more. National Library of Australia, Canberra “Metropolitan District Court” [Article] Empire, Sydney, Wednesday 27 June 1866, p.3. Available at: http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/60592045#pstart5698489 Accessed 22 June 2013

(25) NSW Registry of Births, Deaths and Marriages. 2013 Available at: http://www.bdm.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/IndexSearch?form=IndexingSearch&SessionID=40397592&sname=dettman&gname=frederick&fname=&mname=&event=deaths&frange=1894&trange=1894&place=. Accessed 2 June 2013

(26) NSW Registry of Births, Deaths and Marriages. Available at: http://www.bdm.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/IndexSearch?form=IndexingSearch&cgiurl=%2Fcgi-bin%2FIndex%2FIndexingBirth.cgi&sname=dettman&gname=kezia&fname=&mname=&event=deaths&frange=1895&trange=1895&place=&x=36&y=7&SessionID=40397592&reorder=col2. Accessed 2 June 2013

(27) Wikipedia. “Sandringham, New South Wales”[Article]Last modified 23 March 2013. Available at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandringham,_New_South_WalesAccessed 20 May 2013

(28) Postcode 2205: Arncliffe, Turella, Wolli Creek [Blog] by Sally, Blogger since April 2006. Available at: http://arncliffesydney.blogspot.com.au/2006/08/arncliffe-park-part-1.html. Accessed 21 May 2013

(29) Trove: Digitised newspapers and more. National Library of Australia, Canberra. “A New Park by the Seaside” [Article] Sydney Morning Herald, Wednesday 21 October 1885, p. 7. Available at: http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/13601182. Accessed 30 June 2013

95  

(30) Link, Graham (2004) “Lady Robinson Beach North Story” [Article] Available at: http://www.linkysbeachdays.com/l/ladyrobinsonn/ladyrobinsonnstory.html#sdfootnote1anc. Accessed 10 June 2013

(31) Trove: Digitised newspapers and more. National Library of Australia, Canberra “Boat Race at Botany Bay” [Article] Sydney Morning Herald, Wednesday 17 March 1880, p 6. Available at http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/13456078#pstart1427124. Accessed 21 May 2013

(32) NSW Registry of Births, Deaths and Marriages. Available at: http://www.bdm.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/IndexSearch?btnsearch=search&SessionID=25654367&event=marriages&fname=&form=IndexingSearch&frange=1788&gname=&mname=&place=&sname=RUST&trange=1959. Accessed 22 May 2013

(33) St. Peters Cooks River History Group- Our region and our church, since 1838. “Cooks River Nineteenth Century Sporting Life” [Article] Available at: http://stpeterscooksriverhistory.wordpress.com/2011/10/11/cooks-river-nineteenth-century-sporting-life-2/. Accessed 23 June 2013

(34) Ibid

(35) Ibid

(36) Trove: Digitised newspapers and more. National Library of Australia, Canberra. “Foundation of a Church near George’s River” [Article] Sydney Morning Herald, Wednesday 27 January, 1869. p 4. Available at: http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/13189079. Accessed 22 June 2013

(37) Lawrence, Joan. (1996) St George Pictorial Memories: Rockdale, Kogarah, Hurstville. Kingsclear Books, Crows Nest. p.56

(38) NSW, Australia Police Gazettes 1854-1930, p. 156, “Public Houses Listings”. Available at: http://interactive.ancestry.com.au/1942/31842_216737-00600/211650?backurl=&ssrc=&backlabel=Return. Accessed 2 July 2013

(39) Police Gazette and Weekly Record of Crime. No 35. Wednesday 29 August 1877. p. 1 Available at: http://search.ancestry.com.au/iexec?htx=View&r=5544&dbid=1942&iid=31842_216738-00630&fn=William+E&ln=Rust&st=r&ssrc=&pid=266424 Accessed 2 July 2013

96  

(40) Trove: Digitised newspapers and more. National Library of Australia, Canberra. “Coroner’s Inquest” [Article] Sydney Morning Herald, Friday 31 March 1871 p 2. Available at: http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/28418002#pstart1458160. Accessed 29 June 2013

(41) Trove: Digitised newspapers and more. National Library of Australia, Canberra “Fatal Boat Accident” [Article] The Argus, Melbourne, Thursday 2 October 1879 p 7. Available at: http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/5957706#pstart253361. Accessed 29 June 2013

(42) Trove: Digitised newspapers and more. National Library of Australia, Canberra. “News of the Day”[Article] Sydney Morning Herald, Thursday 25 May 1882 p 4Available at:http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/28380308Accessed 29 June 2013

(43) Sands Directories: Sydney and New South Wales, Australia, 1858-1933 .[Search Engine] (2103) Available at: http://search.ancestry.com.au/search/db.aspx?dbid=1164. Accessed 7 July 2013

(44) NSW Registry of Births, Deaths and Marriages. 2013 Available at: http://www.bdm.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/IndexSearch?form=IndexingSearch&cgiurl=%2Fcgi-bin%2FIndex%2FIndexingBirth.cgi&sname=Rust&gname=Emma&fname=&mname=&event=deaths&frange=1860&trange=1895&place=&x=64&y=13&SessionID=38520062. Accessed 28 February 2013

(45) NSW Registry of Births, Deaths and Marriages. 2013 Available at:http://www.bdm.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/IndexSearch?form=IndexingSearch&cgiurl=%2Fcgi-bin%2FIndex%2FIndexingBirth.cgi&sname=Rust&gname=William+e&fname=&mname=&event=deaths&frange=1860&trange=1913&place=&x=65&y=11&SessionID=38520062 Accessed 28 February 2013

(46) Trove: Digitised newspapers and more. National Library of Australia, Canberra “Eastern Australasia-Items by Mail” The West Australian Tuesday 18 November 1913 p8. Available at: http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/26890580?searchTerm=prince%20of%20wales%20hotel%20sandringham%201914&searchLimits= Accessed 19 July 2013

97  

(47) Trove: Digitised newspapers and more. National Library of Australia, Canberra. “Advertising” [Article] The Argus Monday 5 February 1883 p. 7. Available at: http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/8494233?searchTerm=%22E%20tollomache%22&searchLimits=#pstart264180. Accessed 28 June 2013

(48) Trove: Digitised newspapers and more. National Library of Australia, Canberra. “Extraordinary Divorce Case” [Article] The Sydney Morning Herald Saturday 15 September 1883 p 8. Available at: http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/13544665?searchTerm=%20hotel%20sans%20souci%20sandringham&searchLimits=#pstart1415466. Accessed 28 June 2013

(49) Trove: Digitised newspapers and more. National Library of Australia, Canberra. “Insolvency Court-Thursday” [Article] The Sydney Morning Herald Friday 18 November 1887 p. 4 Available at: http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/13676850#pstart1392927Accessed 28 June 2013

(50) Trove: Digitised newspapers and more. National Library of Australia, Canberra“Municipal Elections.Cook Ward” [Article] Sydney Morning Herald Saturday 26 November 1898 p. 9 Available at: http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/14187026#pstart1356018. Accessed 10 July 2013

(51) Trove: Digitised newspapers and more. National Library of Australia, Canberra “Police Courts” [Article] Sydney Morning Herald Tuesday 26 March 1901 p. 7. Available at: http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/14357838Accessed 10 July 2013

(52) Trove: Digitised newspapers and more. National Library of Australia, Canberra “Metropolitan District Court” [Article] Sydney Morning Herald Tuesday 25 February 1879 p. 7 Available at: http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/13429841’. Accessed 10 July 2013

(53) Trove: Digitised newspapers and more. National Library of Australia, Canberra “Railway Guard Cut to Pieces” [Article] Australian Town and Country JournalSaturday 31 January 1885. p.10. Available at: http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/71023132?searchTerm=whelow&searchLimits=#pstart5104609. Accessed 28 May 2013

(54) Trove: Digitised newspapers and more. National Library of Australia, Canberra “Balmain Hospital- Fifty Years of Service”. [Article] Sydney Morning Herald Wednesday 25 December 1935 p 8. Available at: http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/17236317 Accessed 28 May 2013

98  

(55) Trove: Digitised newspapers and more. National Library of Australia, Canberra “Births, Marriages, Deaths” [Article] Sydney Morning Herald Thursday 28 February 1889 p 4. Available at: http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/13715792. Accessed 30 May 2013

(56) Trove: Digitised newspapers and more. National Library of Australia, Canberra “Notices” [Article] Sydney Morning HeraldMonday 3 March 1890 p2. Available at: http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/13761435#pstart1382183Accessed 30 May 2013

(57) New South Wales Police Gazette 1904 p 493. Available at: http://interactive.ancestry.com.au/1942/31842_216749-00572/786964?backurl=http%3a%2f%2fsearch.Ancestry.com.au%2fcgi-bin%2fsse.dll%3frank%3d1%26new%3d1%26MSAV%3d1%26msT%3d1%26gss%3dangs-c%26gsln%3dtidswell%26gsln_x%3dXO%26msydy%3d1904%26gskw%3dpolice%2bgazette%2b%26cpxt%3d1%26catBucket%3drstp%26uidh%3dhh2%26cp%3d2%26pcat%3dCLP_COURT%26h%3d786964%26recoff%3d14%26db%3dNSWGazettes%26indiv%3d1&ssrc=&backlabel=ReturnRecord. Accessed 30 May 2013

(58) Trove: Digitised newspapers and more. National Library of Australia, Canberra “Family Notices” [Article] Sydney Morning HeraldMonday 24 January, 1916 p 8. Available at: http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/15638842?searchTerm=Frederick%20Charles%20Tidswell&searchLimits=.Accessed 30 May 2013

(59) Trove: Digitised newspapers and more. National Library of Australia, Canberra “Family Notices”[Article] The Argus, Tuesday 4 November, 1919 p.1 Available at: http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/4660643#pstart407124 Accessed 31 May 2013

(60) Ancestry.com. [Database on-line] “Arthur J Cauvarel – Death” [Article] Available at: http://trees.ancestry.com.au/tree/2470736/person/6970547955 Accessed 31 May 2013

(61) Trove: Digitised newspapers and more. National Library of Australia, Canberra “Advertising” [Article] Sydney Morning Herald Monday 21 May 1888. p. 2. Available at: http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/13687047?searchTerm=cauvarel%20publican%20prince%20of%20wales&searchLimits=. Accessed 31 May 2013

(62) Trove: Digitised newspapers and more. National Library of Australia, Canberra “Picnics” [Article] Sydney Morning Herald Friday 19 October 1888 p 3 Available at: http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/13700228?searchTerm=Cauvarel,%20prince%20of%20wales&searchLimits= Accessed 1 June 2013

99  

(63) Trove: Digitised newspapers and more. National Library of Australia, Canberra “For Sale” [Article] Evening News Tuesday 7 August 1888 p 1 Available at: http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/107329052#pstart11927988. Accessed 1 June 2013

(64) Trove: Digitised newspapers and more. National Library of Australia, Canberra “To the Editor of the Herald” [Article] Sydney Morning Herald Friday 18 January 1889 p 6 Available at: http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/13710820?searchTerm=prince%20of%20wales%20hotel%20%20sandringham&searchLimits=. Accessed 1 June 2013

(65) Sands Directories: Sydney and New South Wales, Australia, 1858-1933 .[Search Engine] (2013) Available at: http://interactive.ancestry.com.au/1907/rdaus1863_078578__0003_06_b-0239/114475?backurl=http%3a%2f%2fsearch.Ancestry.com.au%2fcgi-bin%2fsse.dll%3frank%3d1%26new%3d1%26MSAV%3d1%26msT%3d1%26gss%3dangs-c%26gsfn%3dfrederick%26gsln%3devers%26gsln_x%3dXO%26gskw%3dSands%2bDirectories%253a%2bSydney%2band%2bNew%2bSouth%2bWales%252c%2b1890%2bp.403%26cpxt%3d1%26uidh%3dhh2%26_83004003-n_xcl%3df%26cp%3d2%26pcat%3d37%26h%3d114475%26recoff%3d6%2b7%26db%3dSandsIndex%26indiv%3d1&ssrc=&backlabel=ReturnRecord Accessed 1 July 2013

(66) Sands Directories: Sydney and New South Wales, Australia, 1858-1933 .[Search Engine] (2013) Available athttp://interactive.ancestry.com.au/1164/RDAUS1863_078590__0010_03_E-0599/3211426?backurl=http%3a%2f%2fsearch.Ancestry.com.au%2fcgi-bin%2fsse.dll%3frank%3d1%26new%3d1%26MSAV%3d1%26msT%3d1%26gss%3dangs-c%26gsfn%3dMrs%2bF%26gsln%3devers%26gsln_x%3dXO%26msrpn__ftp%3dNeutral%2bBay%252c%2bNew%2bSouth%2bWales%252c%2bAustralia%26msrpn%3d98830%26msrpn_PInfo%3d8-%257c0%257c1652397%257c0%257c5027%257c0%257c30094%257c0%257c0%257c98830%257c0%257c%26msydy%3d1901%26gskw%3dSands%2bDirectories%253a%2bSydney%2band%2bNew%2bSouth%2bWales%252c%2b1890%2bp.403%26cpxt%3d1%26uidh%3dhh2%26_83004003-n_xcl%3df%26cp%3d2%26pcat%3d37%26h%3d3211426%26recoff%3d8%2b9%26db%3dSydneyNSWDirectories%26indiv%3d1&ssrc=&backlabel=ReturnRecord Accessed 1 July 2013

(67) Trove: Digitised newspapers and more. National Library of Australia, Canberra “Commercial Travellers Association of NSW” [Article] Sydney Morning Herald Tuesday 30 December 1890p6 Available at:http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/13774949 Accessed 1 July 2013

(68) Trove: Digitised newspapers and more. National Library of Australia, Canberra “Annual Licensing Court” [Article]Sydney Morning Herald Wednesday 1 July 1891 p 7 Available at: http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/28271137 Accessed 2 July 2013

100  

(69) Trove: Digitised newspapers and more. National Library of Australia, Canberra “Amusements” [Article] Evening News, (Sydney) Saturday 22 November 1890 p1 Available at: http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/113750345#pstart12050645Accessed 2 July 2013

(70) Trove: Digitised newspapers and more. National Library of Australia, Canberra “Hotels” [Article] Evening News (Sydney) Saturday 14 Jan 1893 p.2 Available at: http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/113734824#pstart12044470Accessed 4 July 2013

(71) Trove: Digitised newspapers and more. National Library of Australia, Canberra “Hotels” [Article] Sydney Morning Herald 19 April 1893 p.2 Available at:http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/13911569 Accessed 4 July 2013

(72) Trove: Digitised newspapers and more. National Library of Australia, Canberra “Harriers” [Article] Sydney Morning Herald Monday 11 May 1896 p 6 Available at: http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/14048885?searchTerm=prince%20of%20wales%20hotel%20sandringham&searchLimits= Accessed 5July 2013

(73) Trove: Digitised newspapers and more. National Library of Australia, Canberra “Football – NSW Referee’s Association” [Article] Sydney Morning Herald Monday 14 April 1902 p. 4 Available at: http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/14445430#pstart1341166. Accessed 5 July 2013

(74) Trove: Digitised newspapers and more. National Library of Australia, Canberra “Employees Picnic” [Article] Sydney Morning Herald Monday 26 September 1904 p 8 Available at: http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/14624358?searchTerm=prince%20of%20wales%20hotel%20sandringham&searchLimits. Accessed 5 July 2013

(75) Trove: Digitised newspapers and more. National Library of Australia, Canberra “Police Courts- Breach of the Liquor Act” [Article] Sydney Morning HeraldSaturday 8 December 1906p 10 Available at: http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/14824742?searchTerm=prince%20of%20wales%20hotel%20sandringham&searchLimits= Accessed 5 July 2013

(76) Trove: Digitised newspapers and more. National Library of Australia, Canberra “New Insolvent” [Article] The Argus Friday 26 August 1887 p. 6 Available at: http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/7931879?searchTerm=charles%20hecht&searchLimits=#pstart280615. Accessed 19 July 2013

(77) Trove: Digitised newspapers and more. National Library of Australia, Canberra “Water Licensing Court” [Article] Evening News Friday 10 July 1891 p 3. Available at: http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/111982032?searchTerm=charles%20hecht&searchLimits=.Accessed 19 July 2013

101  

(78) Trove: Digitised newspapers and more. National Library of Australia, Canberra“A Hotel Transaction” [Article] The Sydney Morning Herald Thursday 31 March 1892, p 5 Available at: http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/113759458?searchTerm=charles%20hecht&searchLimits=#pstart12054152 Accessed 19 July 2013

(79) Trove: Digitised newspapers and more. National Library of Australia, Canberra “Yesterday’s Brevities” [Article] Evening News (Sydney) Friday 1 April 1892 p. 6 Available at: http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/112940045?searchTerm=%22charles%20hecht%22%20death&searchLimits=#pstart12054161. Accessed 19 July 2013

(80) Trove: Digitised newspapers and more. National Library of Australia, Canberra “Legal Notices” [Article] The Sydney Morning Herald Friday 10 June 1892 p 1 Available at: http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/28268983#pstart1376803. Accessed 19 July 2013

(81) Trove: Digitised newspapers and more. National Library of Australia, Canberra “In Bankruptcy” [Article] Evening News (Sydney) Thursday 6 Oct 1892 p 6. Available at: http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/113315340?searchTerm=%22hecht%22%20insolvency&searchLimits=#pstart12043727. Accessed 19 July 2013

(82) Trove: Digitised newspapers and more. National Library of Australia, Canberra“Licensing Court”[Article] Sydney Morning Herald Wed 2 November 1892 p 7Available at: http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/13884648?searchTerm=charles%20hecht&searchLimits= Accessed19 July 2013

(83) Police Gazette and Weekly Record of Crime1896 p 76 25 March 1896. “Vide Police Gazette, 1893 p. 359” Available at: http://interactive.ancestry.com.au/1942/31842_216746-00177/624207?backurl=http%3a%2f%2fsearch.Ancestry.com.au%2fcgi-bin%2fsse.dll%3frank%3d1%26new%3d1%26MSAV%3d1%26msT%3d1%26gss%3dangs-c%26gsfn%3dElizabeth%26gsln%3dHecht%26gsln_x%3dXO%26msrpn__ftp%3dSandringham%2b%252c%2bNSW%26cpxt%3d1%26uidh%3dhh2%26cp%3d2%26mssng0%3dCharles%2b%26mssns0%3dHecht%26pcat%3dNP_PERIODICALS%26h%3d624207%26recoff%3d13%26db%3dNSWGazettes%26indiv%3d1&ssrc=&backlabel=ReturnRecordAccessed 19 July 2013

(84) Trove: Digitised newspapers and more. National Library of Australia, Canberra “Marshall’s Paddington Brewery Limited – Employees’Annual Picnic” [Article] Sydney Morning HeraldTuesday 15 March 1898 p5 Available at: http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/14152589#pstart1358628Accessed 20 July 2013

102  

(85) Trove: Digitised newspapers and more. National Library of Australia, Canberra “Foley Brother’s Picnic” [Article] Sydney Morning Herald Saturday 21 October 1899 p. 14 Available at: http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/14247705#pstart1351818 Accessed 20 July 2013

(86) Trove: Digitised newspapers and more. National Library of Australia, Canberra “St George Sailing Club” [Article] Sydney Morning Herald Tuesday 26 June 1900, p 6 Available at: http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/14320088?searchTerm=prince%20of%20wales%20hotel%20%20sandringham&searchLimits=#pstart1349535Accessed 20 July 2013

(87) Police Gazette and Weekly Record of Crime 1906 “Burglaries” [Article] NSW Police Gazette p 231 5 Dec 1906 p 407 Available At: http://interactive.ancestry.com.au/1942/31842_216750-00240/825623?backurl=http%3a%2f%2fsearch.Ancestry.com.au%2fcgi-bin%2fsse.dll%3frank%3d1%26new%3d1%26MSAV%3d1%26msT%3d1%26gss%3dangs-g%26gsfn_x%3dNIC%26gsln%3dtollemache%26gsln_x%3dXO%26gskw%3d1906%2bNSW%2bPolice%2bGazette%2b5%2bDec%2bp%2b407%26cpxt%3d1%26catBucket%3drstp%26uidh%3dhh2%26cp%3d2%26pcat%3dROOT_CATEGORY%26h%3d825623%26recoff%3d13%26db%3dNSWGazettes%26indiv%3d1&ssrc=&backlabel=ReturnRecord Accessed 20 July 2013

(88) Trove: Digitised newspapers and more. National Library of Australia, Canberra “Death of a Well-Known Caterer” [Article] Evening News (Sydney) Wednesday 27 July 1910 p.7 Available at: http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/115262652?searchTerm=Ernest%20Tollemache%20Death%20&searchLimits=#pstart12165642 Accessed 20 July 2013

(89) Trove: Digitised newspapers and more. National Library of Australia, Canberra “Advertising- Poultry, Dogs Etc” [Article] Sydney Morning HeraldThursday 7 March 1901 p2 Available at: http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/14380848#pstart1344105 Accessed 21 July 2013

(90) Trove: Digitised newspapers and more. National Library of Australia, Canberra “The Kennel Club Show- Visit of the Governor” [Article] Sydney Morning Herald Friday 29 August 1902 p 8 Available at: http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/14516865?searchTerm=%22c.%20w.%20lincke%22%20Death%20&searchLimits=#pstart1337878 Accessed 21 July 2013

(91) Trove: Digitised newspapers and more. National Library of Australia, Canberra “Sailing” [Article] Evening News (Sydney) Monday 12 Jan 1903 p 2 Available at: http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/113405703?searchTerm=%22lincke%22%20Death%20&searchLimits= Accessed 21 July 2013

103  

(92) Trove: Digitised newspapers and more. National Library of Australia, Canberra “Amusements” [Article] Sydney Morning Herald Tuesday 1 Dec 1908 p 7 Available at: http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/15026744?searchTerm=%20%22prince%20of%20wales%20hotel%22%20sandringham%201903%20&searchLimits=l-title=35#pstart1311544 Accessed 21 July 2013

(93) Trove: Digitised newspapers and more. National Library of Australia, Canberra “Telegraphic- Rescued from Drowning” [Article] Kalgoorlie Miner (WA) Tuesday 3 February 1903 p.8 Available at: http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/89056825?searchTerm=prince%20of%20wales%20hotel%20sandringham&searchLimits= Accessed 22 July 2013

(94) Trove: Digitised newspapers and more. National Library of Australia, Canberra “A Smart Rescue” [Article]Sydney Morning HeraldTuesday 3 February 1903 p 4 Available at: http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/14519620?searchTerm=prince%20of%20wales%20hotel%20sandringham&searchLimits= Accessed 22 July 2013

(95) Trove: Digitised newspapers and more. National Library of Australia, Canberra “Eastern Australasia- Items by Mail” [Article] The West Australian Thursday January 22, 1914 Available at: http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/26895775?searchTerm=prince%20of%20wales%20hotel%20sandringham%201914&searchLimits=#pstart2800798 Accessed 22 July 2013

(96) Hitchen, Mike (no date) The Old Tin Shed- Sydney Stadium- The Story of the Old Sydney Stadium. A Story of People, a Story of an Era [Online Blog]. Available at: http://sydneystadium.blogspot.com.au/2010/09/les-darcy-australian-icon-died-american.html#.Uepvko2ouSo Accessed 22 July 2013

(97) Australian Dictionary of Biography (Online), “Darcy, James Leslie (Les) (1895-1917)” Last Updated 2013. Available at : http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/darcy-james-leslie-les-5881. Accessed 22 July 2013

(98) Trove: Digitised newspapers and more. National Library of Australia, Canberra “Social” [Article] Sydney Morning HeraldSaturday 6 January 1917 p. 9 Available at: http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/15728963?searchTerm=prince%20of%20wales%20hotel%20sandringham%201917&searchLimits=#pstart1266709Accessed 23 July 2013

(99) Trove: Digitised newspapers and more. National Library of Australia,

Canberra “Motor Cycle- Outing to Soldiers” [Article] Arrow (Sydney) Friday 13 September 1918 p. 4 Available at: http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/103526094 Accessed 24/07/2013

104  

(100) New South Wales, Australia Police Gazettes 1914 “Offences not Otherwise Described” 4 March 1914 p. 106 Available at: http://interactive.ancestry.com.au/1942/31842_216752-00440/965357?backurl=http%3a%2f%2fsearch.Ancestry.com.au%2fcgi-bin%2fsse.dll%3frank%3d1%26new%3d1%26MSAV%3d1%26msT%3d1%26gss%3dangs-c%26gsfn%3dwilliam%26gsfn_x%3dNIC%26gsln%3dLongton%26gsln_x%3dXO%26msddy%3d1929%26msdpn__ftp%3dKogarah%26cpxt%3d1%26catBucket%3drstp%26uidh%3dhh2%26cp%3d2%26pcat%3dNP_PERIODICALS% 26h%3d965357%26recoff%3d12%2b13%26db%3dNSWGazettes%26indiv%3d1&ssrc=&backlabel=ReturnRecord Accessed 24 July 2013

(101) Trove: Digitised newspapers and more. National Library of Australia,

Canberra “Advertising” [Article]Arrow (Sydney) Friday 28 March 1919, p.3 Available at: http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/103523916?searchTerm=%22prince%20of%20wales%20hotel%22%20%201919%20sandringham&searchLimits=#pstart10874415 Accessed 24 July 2013

(102) Trove: Digitised newspapers and more. National Library of Australia,

Canberra “Hotels Change Hands” [Article] Evening News (Sydney) Thursday 28 May 1908. p.5. Available at: http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/112962208?searchTerm=albert%20magull%20&searchLimits= Accessed 24 July 2013

(103) Trove: Digitised newspapers and more. National Library of Australia,

Canberra “Thief at Coogee” [Article] Evening News (Sydney), Monday 22 September 1919 p. 4 Available at : http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/116082376?searchTerm=albert%20magull&searchLimits=#pstart12337796 Accessed 24 July 2013

(104) New South Wales, Australia Police Gazettes 1919 “Randwick-Stolen” 24

September 1919 p 469. Available at: http://interactive.ancestry.com.au/1942/31842_216754-00285/1095297?backurl=http%3a%2f%2fsearch.Ancestry.com.au%2fcgi-bin%2fsse.dll%3frank%3d1%26new%3d1%26MSAV%3d1%26msT%3d1%26gss%3dangs-c%26gsfn_x%3dNIC%26gsln%3dmagull%26gsln_x%3dXO%26gskw%3dPolice%2bGazette%2b1919%2bp%2b469%2b24%2bSeptember%2b1919%26cpxt%3d1%26catBucket%3drstp%26uidh%3dhh2%26cp%3d2%26pcat%3dCLP_COURT%26h%3d1095297%26recoff%3d13%26db%3dNSWGazettes%26indiv%3d1&ssrc=&backlabel=ReturnRecord Accessed 25 July 2013

(105) Trove: Digitised newspapers and more. National Library of Australia,

Canberra “Doonside Fatality- The Inquest” [Article] Nepean Times Saturday 4 March 1922 p 3. Available at: http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/104675111?searchTerm=albert%20magull&searchLimits= Accessed 25 July 2013

105  

(106) Trove: Digitised newspapers and more. National Library of Australia, Canberra“Publican’s Licences” [Article]Sydney Morning Herald Saturday 9 Dec 1922 p 17 Available at: http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/16040265?searchTerm=%22prince%20of%20wales%20hotel%22%20william%20longton&searchLimits=#pstart1235426 Accessed 25 July 2013

(107) Trove: Digitised newspapers and more. National Library of Australia,

Canberra “Human Skittles- Two Out of Three” [Article] Evening News (Sydney) Wednesday 11 February 1925 p.8 Available at: http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/117978112?searchTerm=%22human%20skittles%22&searchLimits=#pstart12321037 Accessed 26 July 2013

(108) Trove: Digitised newspapers and more. National Library of Australia,

Canberra “Hotelkeepers Fined- Whiskey Not Up to Standard” [Article] Sydney Morning Herald Wed 27 October 1926 p11 Available at: http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/16330271?searchTerm=albert%20magull&searchLimits= Accessed 26 July 2013

(109) Trove: Digitised newspapers and more. National Library of Australia,

Canberra “Family Notices” [Article] Sydney Morning Herald Friday 30 Sept 1927 p 9 Available at: http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/16407778?searchTerm=%22David%20Joseph%20Ryan%22%20funeral&searchLimits= Accessed 26 July 2013

(110) Trove: Digitised newspapers and more. National Library of Australia,

Canberra “Mr D. J. Ryan” [Article] The Catholic Press Thursday 13 October 1927 p20 Available at: http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/115210932?searchTerm=David%20Joseph%20Ryan&searchLimits=#pstart11818997 Accessed 26 July 2013

(111) New South Wales, Australia Police Gazettes 1928 “Randwick-Stolen”

29February 1928 p 133 “Stealing From The Person”Available at: http://interactive.ancestry.com.au/1942/31842_216758-00605/1338908?backurl=http%3a%2f%2fsearch.Ancestry.com.au%2fcgi-bin%2fsse.dll%3frank%3d1%26new%3d1%26MSAV%3d1%26msT%3d1%26gss%3dangs-c%26gsfn%3dannie%26gsln%3dmagull%26msydy%3d1928%26gskw%3dpolice%2bgazette%26cpxt%3d1%26catBucket%3drstp%26uidh%3dhh2%26cp%3d2%26pcat%3dNP_PERIODICALS%26h%3d1338908%26recoff%3d12%2b13%26db%3dNSWGazettes%26indiv%3d1&ssrc=&backlabel=ReturnRecord Accessed 27 July 2013

(112) Trove: Digitised newspapers and more. National Library of Australia, Canberra “District Court” [Article] Sydney Morning Herald Thursday 23 February 1928 p 8. Available at: http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/16444257?searchTerm=albert%20magull&searchLimits=#pstart1203537Accessed 27 July 2013

106  

(113) Trove: Digitised newspapers and more. National Library of Australia, Canberra “Obituary” [Article] The Catholic Press Thursday 22 July 1937 p 27 Available at: http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/106338801?searchTerm=albert%20magull&searchLimits= Accessed 27 July 2013

(114)  Trove: Digitised newspapers and more. National Library of Australia, Canberra “Licensing Court” [Article] Sydney Morning Herald Friday 9 July 1920 p.7 Available at: http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/15897083?searchTerm=%22Howard%20ritchie%22%20&searchLimits=l-australian=y Accessed 27 July 2013

(115) New South Wales, Australia Police Gazettes 1926 “Watches and Jewellery Reported Stolen, Missing etc” p 75. Available at: http://search.ancestry.com.au/iexec?htx=View&r=5544&dbid=1942&iid=31842_216757-00512&fn=Leslie+Howard&ln=Ritchie&st=r&ssrc=&pid=1277582

Accessed 27 July 2013 (116) Trove: Digitised newspapers and more. National Library of Australia,

Canberra “Attacked by Gang- Man Brutally Assaulted” [Article] Sydney Morning Herald Saturday 27 September 1924 p 18 Available at: http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/28071993#pstart1223692Accessed 27 July 2013

(117) Trove: Digitised newspapers and more. National Library of Australia,

Canberra “Legless Man Injured- Motor Driver Arrested” [Article] Sydney Morning Herald Tuesday 27 September 1927 p 2 Available at: http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/81095915?searchTerm=prince%20of%20wales%20hotel%20sandringham&searchLimits= Accessed 27 July 2013

(118) Trove: Digitised newspapers and more. National Library of Australia,

Canberra “Publican Assaulted- Three Men Fined” [Article] Sydney Morning Herald, Friday 8 August 1930 p 7 Available at: http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/16703197?searchTerm=ritchie%20licensee&searchLimits=l-australian=y#pstart1348443 Accessed 27 July 2013

(119) Trove: Digitised newspapers and more. National Library of Australia,

Canberra “Hotel Licensee Stabbed- Crippled Man Arrested” [Article] The West Australian, Perth, Friday 23 January 1931p 5 Available at: http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/33238863#pstart2862308 Accessed 27 July 2013

(120) Trove: Digitised newspapers and more. National Library of Australia,

Canberra “Man Stabbed – Dying Depositions Taken” [Article] Advocate, Burnie, Tasmania Friday 23 January 1931p7 Available at: http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/67698459?searchTerm=prince%20of%20wales%20hotel%20sandringham&searchLimits= Accessed 27 July 2013

107  

(121) Trove: Digitised newspapers and more. National Library of Australia, Canberra “For Trial on Stabbing Charge” [Article] Evening News (Sydney)Tuesday 10 February 1931 p 6 Available at: http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/115407570?searchTerm=ritchie%20licensee&searchLimits=l-australian=y#pstart12320003 Accessed 27 July 2013

(122) Trove: Digitised newspapers and more. National Library of Australia, Canberra “Stop Press” [Article] Barrier Miner (Broken Hill) Thursday 24 Aug 1944 p. 8 Available at: http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/49551137?searchTerm=prince%20of%20wales%20hotel%20sandringham%201918&searchLimits=#pstart3761023Accessed 27 July 2013

(123) Trove: Digitised newspapers and more. National Library of Australia, Canberra “District Pest Ordered to Behave”[Article] Evening News (Sydney, NSW : 1869 - 1931) Wednesday 19 January 1927 p 11 Available at: http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/121662485#pstart13904598 Accessed 28 July 2013

(124) Trove: Digitised newspapers and more. National Library of Australia, Canberra “Public Notices”[Article] Sydney Morning Herald Thursday 5 Feb 1948 p. 9 Available at: http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/18059985 Accessed 28 July 2013

(125) NSW Registry of Births, Deaths and Marriages.(2013) Available at: http://www.bdm.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/IndexSearch?form=IndexingSearch&cgiurl=%2Fcgi-bin%2FIndex%2FIndexingBirth.cgi&sname=ritchie&gname=leslie&fname=&mname=&event=deaths&frange=1920&trange=1970&place=&x=82&y=8&SessionID=38520062 Accessed 28 July 2013

(126) Ancestry.com [Database on-line] “Michael Eugene Moylan” [Article] Available at: http://trees.ancestry.com.au/tree/45808689/person/6426334907 Accessed 29 July 2013

(127) Trove: Digitised newspapers and more. National Library of Australia, Canberra “Births” [Article] Sydney Morning Herald Wednesday 26 December 1951 p 12 Available at: http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/18245919 Accessed 29 July 2013

(128) Trove: Digitised newspapers and more. National Library of Australia, Canberra “Waterfront Erosion” [Article] Sydney Morning Herald Wednesday 6 August 1952 p 1 Available at: http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/18276350#pstart1053520 Accessed 29 July 2013

(129) Gainsford, Jim, “Link Lost with Historic Moylan’s Family Pub” [Article] 4 May 2012 The St George and Sutherland Shire Leader Available at: http://www.theleader.com.au/story/266600/link-lost-with-historic-moylans-family-pub/ Accessed 29 July 2013

108  

(130) 50 Years in Life Saving- Ramsgate Life Saving Club 1934-1984 p 15 Available at: http://www.rockdale.nsw.gov.au/library/pages/pdf/RonRathbone2010/William_Batley_50.pdf Accessed 29 July 2013

(131) Darren , Australian Music Trade- Celibate Rifles. Available at: http://australianmusictrade.50webs.com/Bands/CelibateRifles.htm#SansSouci1992 Accessed 29 July 2013

109  

Bibliography

Books

Connor, John (2002) The Australian Frontier Wars, 1788-1838. UNSW Press,

Sydney

Geeves, Phillip and Jervis, James (1954) Rockdale: Its Beginning and Development

Municipal Council of Rockdale, Sydney

Ghosh, Devleena, Goodall, Heather, Donald, Stephanie Hemelryk (2009)

EditorsWater, Sovereignty and Borders in Asia and Oceania.Routledge, Oxford

Goodall, Heather and Cadzow, Allison (2009)Rivers and Resilience: Aboriginal

People on Sydney's Georges RiverUNSW Press, Sydney

Hoorn, Jeanette (2007) Australian Pastoral: The Making of a White Landscape

Freemantle Press, Freemantle

Keneally, Tom (2007)The Commonwealth of Thieves. Vintage, London

Lawrence, Joan. (1996) St George Pictorial Memories: Rockdale, Kogarah, Hurstville.

Kingsclear Books, Crow’s Nest, NSW.

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Journals

Salt, Daphne (2004) “Captain Cook is Commemorated at Kurnell- James Cook’s First Australian Landfall” in Sutherland Shire Historical Society Inc Bulletin, Volume 7, Number 4, November 2004. p 19

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Websites

Ancestry.com. [Database on-line] “Arthur J Cauvarel – Death” [Article] Available at: http://trees.ancestry.com.au/tree/2470736/person/6970547955 Accessed 31 May 2013

Ancestry.com.[Database on-line] Australia Marriage Index 1788-1950. Last modified 2010. Available at http://search.ancestry.com.au/cgi-bin/sse.dll?rank=1&new=1&MSAV=1&msT=1&gss=angs-g&gsfn=casyra&gsln=florington&cpxt=1&catBucket=rstp&uidh=hh2&cp=2&pcat=ROOT_CATEGORY&h=4600790&recoff=6+7&db=AusMarrIndex&indiv=1. Accessed 1 July 2013

Ancestry.com [Database on-line] “Michael Eugene Moylan” [Article] Available at: http://trees.ancestry.com.au/tree/45808689/person/6426334907 Accessed 29 July 2013

Antique Print Room, Sydney. Taren Point 1884 — Opening of the first section of the Illawarra Railway- Scenes on George's River. Available at: http://www.antiqueprintroom.com/catalogue/print-print?id=832f352c7389305ff7c5288a6afd1833. Accessed 5 July 2013

Attenbrow, Dr Val. Place Names Chart. [Chart] Last Updated 24 December 2009. Australian Museum, Sydney. Available at:http://australianmuseum.net.au/Place-names-chart. Accessed 12 April 2013

Australian Dictionary of Biography (Online), “Darcy, James Leslie (Les) (1895-1917)” Last Updated 2013. Available at : http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/darcy-james-leslie-les-5881. Accessed 22 July 2013

Blewett, Graham (no date)“Lugarno History- Oyster Culture in the Georges River” in Ferries and Farms : A History of Lugarno Available at: https://sites.google.com/site/lugarnohistory/home/oyster. Accessed 15 May 2013

Darren , Australian Music Trade- Celibate Rifles. Available at: http://australianmusictrade.50webs.com/Bands/CelibateRifles.htm#SansSouci1992 Accessed 29 July 2013

Dunn, Cathy, “Robert Cooper: Pioneer of Burrill Lake, Ulladulla, NSW” [Article] Last modified 1999, Internet Family History Association of Australia. Available at: http://www.historyaustralia.org.au/ifhaa/bios/robertcooper.htm. Accessed 16 April 2013

50 Years in Life Saving- Ramsgate Life Saving Club 1934-1984 p 15 Available at: http://www.rockdale.nsw.gov.au/library/pages/pdf/RonRathbone2010/William_Batley_50.pdf Accessed 29 July 2013

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Gainsford, Jim, “Link Lost with Historic Moylan’s Family Pub” [Article] 4 May 2012 The St George and Sutherland Shire Leader Available at: http://www.theleader.com.au/story/266600/link-lost-with-historic-moylans-family-pub/ Accessed 29 July 2013

Hurstville City Library Museum Gallery – Hurstville City Timeline http://lmg.hurstville.nsw.gov.au/Hurstville-City-Timeline.html Accessed 15 May 2013

Link, Graham (2004) Lady Robinson Beach North Story [Article] Available at: http://www.linkysbeachdays.com/l/ladyrobinsonn/ladyrobinsonnstory.html#sdfootnote1anc. Accessed 10 June 2013

New South Wales, Australia Police Gazettes 1864. “IV Robberies from the Person” page 21. Available at http://search.ancestry.com.au/iexec?htx=View&r=5544&dbid=1942&iid=31842_216734-00025&fn=Frederick&ln=Dettmann&st=r&ssrc=&pid=54054. Accessed 20 May 2013

New South Wales Police Gazette 1904 p 493. Available at: http://interactive.ancestry.com.au/1942/31842_216749-00572/786964?backurl=http%3a%2f%2fsearch.Ancestry.com.au%2fcgi-bin%2fsse.dll%3frank%3d1%26new%3d1%26MSAV%3d1%26msT%3d1%26gss%3dangs-c%26gsln%3dtidswell%26gsln_x%3dXO%26msydy%3d1904%26gskw%3dpolice%2bgazette%2b%26cpxt%3d1%26catBucket%3drstp%26uidh%3dhh2%26cp%3d2%26pcat%3dCLP_COURT%26h%3d786964%26recoff%3d14%26db%3dNSWGazettes%26indiv%3d1&ssrc=&backlabel=ReturnRecord. Accessed 30 May 2013

New South Wales, Australia Police Gazettes 1914 “Offences not Otherwise Described” 4 March 1914 p. 106 Available at: http://interactive.ancestry.com.au/1942/31842_216752-00440/965357?backurl=http%3a%2f%2fsearch.Ancestry.com.au%2fcgi-bin%2fsse.dll%3frank%3d1%26new%3d1%26MSAV%3d1%26msT%3d1%26gss%3dangs-c%26gsfn%3dwilliam%26gsfn_x%3dNIC%26gsln%3dLongton%26gsln_x%3dXO%26msddy%3d1929%26msdpn__ftp%3dKogarah%26cpxt%3d1%26catBucket%3drstp%26uidh%3dhh2%26cp%3d2%26pcat%3dNP_PERIODICALS%26h%3d965357%26recoff%3d12%2b13%26db%3dNSWGazettes%26indiv%3d1&ssrc=&backlabel=ReturnRecord Accessed 24 July 2013

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New South Wales, Australia Police Gazettes 1919 “Randwick-Stolen” 24 September 1919 p 469. Available at: http://interactive.ancestry.com.au/1942/31842_216754-00285/1095297?backurl=http%3a%2f%2fsearch.Ancestry.com.au%2fcgi-bin%2fsse.dll%3frank%3d1%26new%3d1%26MSAV%3d1%26msT%3d1%26gss%3dangs-c%26gsfn_x%3dNIC%26gsln%3dmagull%26gsln_x%3dXO%26gskw%3dPolice%2bGazette%2b1919%2bp%2b469%2b24%2bSeptember%2b1919%26cpxt%3d1%26catBucket%3drstp%26uidh%3dhh2%26cp%3d2%26pcat%3dCLP_COURT%26h%3d1095297%26recoff%3d13%26db%3dNSWGazettes%26indiv%3d1&ssrc=&backlabel=ReturnRecord Accessed 25 July 2013

New South Wales, Australia Police Gazettes 1926 “Watches and Jewellery Reported Stolen, Missing etc” p 75. Available at: http://search.ancestry.com.au/iexec?htx=View&r=5544&dbid=1942&iid=31842_216757-00512&fn=Leslie+Howard&ln=Ritchie&st=r&ssrc=&pid=1277582 Accessed 27 July 2013

New South Wales, Australia Police Gazettes 1928 “Randwick-Stolen” 29 February 1928 p 133 “Stealing From The Person” Available at: http://interactive.ancestry.com.au/1942/31842_216758-00605/1338908?backurl=http%3a%2f%2fsearch.Ancestry.com.au%2fcgi-bin%2fsse.dll%3frank%3d1%26new%3d1%26MSAV%3d1%26msT%3d1%26gss%3dangs-c%26gsfn%3dannie%26gsln%3dmagull%26msydy%3d1928%26gskw%3dpolice%2bgazette%26cpxt%3d1%26catBucket%3drstp%26uidh%3dhh2%26cp%3d2%26pcat%3dNP_PERIODICALS%26h%3d1338908%26recoff%3d12%2b13%26db%3dNSWGazettes%26indiv%3d1&ssrc=&backlabel=ReturnRecord Accessed 27 July 2013

NSW, Australia Police Gazettes 1854-1930, “Public Houses Listings” p. 156. Avaliable at : http://interactive.ancestry.com.au/1942/31842_216737-00600/211650?backurl=&ssrc=&backlabel=ReturnAccessed 2 July 2013

NSW Registry of Births, Deaths and Marriages.(2013) Available at: http://www.bdm.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/IndexSearch?form=IndexingSearch&cgiurl=%2Fcgi-bin%2FIndex%2FIndexingBirth.cgi&sname=Rust&gname=Emma&fname=&mname=&event=deaths&frange=1860&trange=1895&place=&x=64&y=13&SessionID=38520062. Accessed 28 February 2013

NSW Registry of Births, Deaths and Marriages. (2013) Available at: http://www.bdm.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/IndexSearch?form=IndexingSearch&cgiurl=%2Fcgi-bin%2FIndex%2FIndexingBirth.cgi&sname=Rust&gname=William+e&fname=&mname=&event=deaths&frange=1860&trange=1913&place=&x=65&y=11&SessionID=38520062Accessed 28 February 2013

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NSW Registry of Births, Deaths and Marriages.(2013) Available at: http://www.bdm.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/IndexSearch?btnsearch=search&SessionID=25654367&event=marriages&fname=&form=IndexingSearch&frange=1788&gname=&mname=&place=&sname=RUST&trange=1959. Accessed 22 May 2013

NSW Registry of Births, Deaths and Marriages.(2013) Available at: http://www.bdm.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/IndexSearch?form=IndexingSearch&SessionID=40397592&sname=dettman&gname=frederick&fname=&mname=&event=deaths&frange=1894&trange=1894&place=. Accessed 2 June 2013

NSW Registry of Births, Deaths and Marriages. (2013) Available at: http://www.bdm.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/IndexSearch?form=IndexingSearch&cgiurl=%2Fcgi-bin%2FIndex%2FIndexingBirth.cgi&sname=dettman&gname=kezia&fname=&mname=&event=deaths&frange=1895&trange=1895&place=&x=36&y=7&SessionID=40397592&reorder=col2. Accessed 2 June 2013

NSW Registry of Births, Deaths and Marriages.(2013) Available at: http://www.bdm.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/IndexSearch?form=IndexingSearch&cgiurl=%2Fcgi-bin%2FIndex%2FIndexingBirth.cgi&sname=ritchie&gname=leslie&fname=&mname=&event=deaths&frange=1920&trange=1970&place=&x=82&y=8&SessionID=38520062 Accessed 28 July 2013

Police Gazette and Weekly Record of Crime. No 35. Wednesday 29 August 1877. p. 1 Available at: http://search.ancestry.com.au/iexec?htx=View&r=5544&dbid=1942&iid=31842_216738-00630&fn=William+E&ln=Rust&st=r&ssrc=&pid=266424 Accessed 2 July 2013

Police Gazette and Weekly Record of Crime 1896 p 76 25 March 1896. “Vide Police Gazette, 1893 p. 359” Available at: http://interactive.ancestry.com.au/1942/31842_216746-00177/624207?backurl=http%3a%2f%2fsearch.Ancestry.com.au%2fcgi-bin%2fsse.dll%3frank%3d1%26new%3d1%26MSAV%3d1%26msT%3d1%26gss%3dangs-c%26gsfn%3dElizabeth%26gsln%3dHecht%26gsln_x%3dXO%26msrpn__ftp%3dSandringham%2b%252c%2bNSW%26cpxt%3d1%26uidh%3dhh2%26cp%3d2%26mssng0%3dCharles%2b%26mssns0%3dHecht%26pcat%3dNP_PERIODICALS%26h%3d624207%26recoff%3d13%26db%3dNSWGazettes%26indiv%3d1&ssrc=&backlabel=ReturnRecordAccessed 19 July 2013

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Police Gazette and Weekly Record of Crime 1906 “Burglaries” [Article] NSW Police Gazette p 231 5 Dec 1906 p 407 Available At: http://interactive.ancestry.com.au/1942/31842_216750-00240/825623?backurl=http%3a%2f%2fsearch.Ancestry.com.au%2fcgi-bin%2fsse.dll%3frank%3d1%26new%3d1%26MSAV%3d1%26msT%3d1%26gss%3dangs-g%26gsfn_x%3dNIC%26gsln%3dtollemache%26gsln_x%3dXO%26gskw%3d1906%2bNSW%2bPolice%2bGazette%2b5%2bDec%2bp%2b407%26cpxt%3d1%26catBucket%3drstp%26uidh%3dhh2%26cp%3d2%26pcat%3dROOT_CATEGORY%26h%3d825623%26recoff%3d13%26db%3dNSWGazettes%26indiv%3d1&ssrc=&backlabel=ReturnRecord Accessed 20 July 2013

Rolfe, Dominic , “The Postcode: 2219” [Article], Sydney Morning Herald, 31 August 2012. Available at: http://www.smh.com.au/lifestyle/the-postcode-2219-20120827-24vnf.html. Accessed 16 April 2013

Romsey Australia. “Early Settlers Homes and Bush Huts in Australia” Revised 27 March 2013. Available at http://home.iprimus.com.au/foo7/houses.html. Accessed 21 April 2013

St. Peters Cooks River History Group- Our region and our church, since 1838. “Cooks River Nineteenth Century Sporting Life” [Article] Available at: http://stpeterscooksriverhistory.wordpress.com/2011/10/11/cooks-river-nineteenth-century-sporting-life-2/. Accessed 23 June 2013

Salt, Dapne, F. “Kurnell – Birthplace of Modern Australia – A Pictorial History – Occupation – Thomas Holt”. Last Updated 7 February 2008. Available at : http://www.ssec.org.au/our_environment/our_bioregion/kurnell/history/occupation/tomholt.htm. NSW Heritage Office. Accessed 20 April 2013

Sands Directories: Sydney and New South Wales, Australia, 1858-1933 .[Search Engine] (2013) Available at: http://search.ancestry.com.au/search/db.aspx?dbid=1164. Accessed 7 July 2013

Smith, Keith Vincent, 'Pemulwuy',[Article] Dictionary of Sydney Trust, 2010. Available at: http://www.dictionaryofsydney.org/entry/entry/pemulwuy. Accessed 24 May 2013

State Library of NSW. Chart of the coasts and harbours of Botany-Bay, Port-Jackson and Broken-Bay, as survey'd by Capt.n John Hunter of H.M.S. Sirius [Cartographic material] / [William Bradley] [Album view]. Last Updated 2007, State Library of New South Wales, Sydney. Available at: http://acms.sl.nsw.gov.au/album/albumView.aspx?itemID=913700&acmsid=0. Accessed 12 April 2013

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Trove: Digitised newspapers and more. National Library of Australia, Canberra “Man Stabbed – Dying Depositions Taken” [Article] Advocate, Burnie, Tasmania Friday 23 January 1931p7 Available at: http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/67698459?searchTerm=prince%20of%20wales%20hotel%20sandringham&searchLimits= Accessed 27 July 2013

Trove: Digitised newspapers and more. National Library of Australia, Canberra “Fatal Boat Accident” [Article] The Argus, Melbourne, Thursday 2 October 1879 p 7. Available at: http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/5957706#pstart253361. Accessed 29 June 2013

Trove: Digitised newspapers and more. National Library of Australia, Canberra. “Advertising” [Article] The Argus Monday 5 February 1883 p. 7. Available at: http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/8494233?searchTerm=%22E%20tollomache%22&searchLimits=#pstart264180. Accessed 28 June 2013

Trove: Digitised newspapers and more. National Library of Australia, Canberra “New Insolvent” [Article] The Argus Friday 26 August 1887 p. 6 Available at: http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/7931879?searchTerm=charles%20hecht&searchLimits=#pstart280615. Accessed 19 July 2013

Trove: Digitised newspapers and more. National Library of Australia, Canberra “Family Notices”[Article] The Argus, Tuesday 4 November, 1919 p.1 Available at: http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/4660643#pstart407124 Accessed 31 May 2013

Trove: Digitised newspapers and more. National Library of Australia, Canberra “Motor Cycle- Outing to Soldiers” [Article] Arrow (Sydney) Friday 13 September 1918 p. 4 Available at: http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/103526094 Accessed 24/07/2013

Trove: Digitised newspapers and more. National Library of Australia, Canberra “Advertising” [Article] Arrow (Sydney) Friday 28 March 1919, p.3 Available at: http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/103523916?searchTerm=%22prince%20of%20wales%20hotel%22%20%201919%20sandringham&searchLimits=#pstart10874415 Accessed 24 July 2013

Trove: Digitised newspapers and more. National Library of Australia, Canberra “Railway Guard Cut to Pieces” [Article] Australian Town and Country Journal Saturday 31 January 1885. p.10 Available at:http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/71023132?searchTerm=whelow&searchLimits=#pstart5104609. Accessed 28 May 2013

Trove: Digitised newspapers and more. National Library of Australia, Canberra “Stop Press” [Article] Barrier Miner (Broken Hill) Thursday 24 Aug 1944 p. 8 Available at: http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/49551137?searchTerm=prince%20of%20wales%20hotel%20sandringham%201918&searchLimits=#pstart3761023 Accessed 27 July 2013

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Trove: Digitised newspapers and more. National Library of Australia, Canberra “Mr D. J. Ryan” [Article] The Catholic Press Thursday 13 October 1927 p 20 Available at: http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/115210932?searchTerm=David%20Joseph%20Ryan&searchLimits=#pstart11818997 Accessed 26 July 2013

Trove: Digitised newspapers and more. National Library of Australia, Canberra “Obituary” [Article] The Catholic Press Thursday 22 July 1937 p 27 Available at: http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/106338801?searchTerm=albert%20magull&searchLimits= Accessed 27 July 2013

Trove: Digitised newspapers and more. National Library of Australia, Canberra “Metropolitan District Court”[Article] Empire, p.3 Wednesday 27 June, 1866. http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/60592045. Accessed 15 May 2013

Trove: Digitised newspapers and more. National Library of Australia, Canberra “For Sale” [Article] Evening News, (Sydney) Tuesday 7 August 1888 p 1 Available at: http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/107329052#pstart11927988. Accessed 1 June 2013

Trove: Digitised newspapers and more. National Library of Australia, Canberra “Amusements” [Article] Evening News, (Sydney) Saturday 22 November 1890 p1 Available at: http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/113750345#pstart12050645 Accessed 2 July 2013

Trove: Digitised newspapers and more. National Library of Australia, Canberra “Water Licensing Court” [Article] Evening News(Sydney)Friday 10 July 1891 p 3. Available at: http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/111982032?searchTerm=charles%20hecht&searchLimits=. Accessed 19 July 2013

Trove: Digitised newspapers and more. National Library of Australia, Canberra “Yesterday’s Brevities” [Article] Evening News (Sydney) Friday 1 April 1892 p. 6 Available at: http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/112940045?searchTerm=%22charles%20hecht%22%20death&searchLimits=#pstart12054161. Accessed 19 July 2013

Trove: Digitised newspapers and more. National Library of Australia, Canberra “In Bankruptcy” [Article] Evening News (Sydney) Thursday 6 Oct 1892 p 6. Available at: http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/113315340?searchTerm=%22hecht%22%20insolvency&searchLimits=#pstart12043727. Accessed 19 July 2013

Trove: Digitised newspapers and more. National Library of Australia, Canberra “Hotels” [Article] Evening News (Sydney) Saturday 14 Jan 1893 p.2 Available at: http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/113734824#pstart12044470 Accessed 4 July 2013

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Trove: Digitised newspapers and more. National Library of Australia, Canberra “Sailing” [Article] Evening News (Sydney) Monday 12 Jan 1903 p 2 Available at: http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/113405703?searchTerm=%22lincke%22%20Death%20&searchLimits= Accessed 21 July 2013

Trove: Digitised newspapers and more. National Library of Australia, Canberra “Hotels Change Hands” [Article] Evening News (Sydney) Thursday 28 May 1908. p.5. Available at: http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/112962208?searchTerm=albert%20magull%20&searchLimits= Accessed 24 July 2013

Trove: Digitised newspapers and more. National Library of Australia, Canberra “Death of a Well-Known Caterer” [Article] Evening News (Sydney) Wednesday 27 July 1910 p.7 Available at: http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/115262652?searchTerm=Ernest%20Tollemache%20Death%20&searchLimits=#pstart12165642 Accessed 20 July 2013

Trove: Digitised newspapers and more. National Library of Australia, Canberra “Thief at Coogee” [Article] Evening News (Sydney) Monday 22 September 1919 p. 4 Available at : http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/116082376?searchTerm=albert%20magull&searchLimits=#pstart12337796 Accessed 24 July 2013

Trove: Digitised newspapers and more. National Library of Australia, Canberra “Human Skittles- Two Out of Three” [Article] Evening News (Sydney) Wednesday 11 February 1925 p.8 Available at: http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/117978112?searchTerm=%22human%20skittles%22&searchLimits=#pstart12321037 Accessed 26 July 2013

Trove: Digitised newspapers and more. National Library of Australia, Canberra “District Pest Ordered to Behave [Article] Evening News (Sydney, NSW : 1869 - 1931) Wednesday 19 January 1927 p 11 Available at: http://trove.nla.gov.au Accessed 28 July 2013

Trove: Digitised newspapers and more. National Library of Australia, Canberra “For Trial on Stabbing Charge” [Article] Evening News (Sydney) Tuesday 10 February 1931 p 6 Available at: http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/115407570?searchTerm=ritchie%20licensee&searchLimits=l-australian=y#pstart12320003 Accessed 27 July 2013

Trove: Digitised newspapers and more. National Library of Australia, Canberra. “Mr Thomas Holt” [Article], Illustrated Sydney News, Tuesday 16 May 1865. p.4. Available at: http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/63512427 Accessed 24 May 2013

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Trove: Digitised newspapers and more. National Library of Australia, Canberra “Telegraphic- Rescued from Drowning” [Article] Kalgoorlie Miner (WA) Tuesday 3 February 1903 p.8 Available at: http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/89056825?searchTerm=prince%20of%20wales%20hotel%20sandringham&searchLimits= Accessed 22 July 2013

Trove: Digitised newspapers and more. National Library of Australia, Canberra “Doonside Fatality- The Inquest” [Article] Nepean Times Saturday 4 March 1922 p 3. Available at: http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/104675111?searchTerm=albert%20magull&searchLimits= Accessed 25 July 2013

Trove: Digitised newspapers and more. National Library of Australia, Canberra . “Family Notices” [Article], Sydney Morning Herald, Thursday 19 September 1850, p3. Available at: http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/12921175 Accessed 24 May 2013

Trove: Digitised newspapers and more. National Library of Australia, Canberra “Advertisements” [Article] Sydney Morning Herald, Wednesday 5 July, 1865, p. 2. Available at: http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/13115471?searchTerm=dettmans&searchLimits=l-publictag=San+Souci Accessed 15 June 2013

Trove: Digitised newspapers and more. National Library of Australia, Canberra “Foundation of a Church near George’s River” [Article] Sydney Morning Herald, Wednesday 27 January, 1869. p 4. Available at: http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/13189079. Accessed 22 June 2013

Trove: Digitised newspapers and more. National Library of Australia, Canberra “Georges River Picnic” [Article] Sydney Morning Herald , Tuesday 13 September 1870, p 5. Available at: http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/13216719#pstart1458871 Accessed 21 May 2013

Trove: Digitised newspapers and more. National Library of Australia, Canberra. “Coroner’s Inquest” [Article] Sydney Morning Herald, Friday 31 March 1871 p 2. Available at: http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/28418002#pstart1458160. Accessed 29 June 2013

Trove: Digitised newspapers and more. National Library of Australia, Canberra. “The Merchants’Dinner” [Article] Sydney Morning Herald, Friday 31st July, 1874, p 6. Available at: http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/13346649 Accessed 26 April 2013

Trove: Digitised newspapers and more. National Library of Australia, Canberra. “Licensing Business” [Article] Sydney Morning Herald, Wednesday 13 November 1878, p.7. Available at: http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/13416887. Accessed 15 May

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Trove: Digitised newspapers and more. National Library of Australia, Canberra “Metropolitan District Court” [Article] Sydney Morning Herald Tuesday 25 February 1879 p. 7 Available at: http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/13429841’. Accessed 10 July 2013

Trove: Digitised newspapers and more. National Library of Australia, Canberra “Boat Race at Botany Bay” [Article] Sydney Morning Herald , Wednesday 17 March 1880, p 6. Available at http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/13456078#pstart1427124. Accessed 21 May 2013

Trove: Digitised newspapers and more. National Library of Australia, Canberra “News of the Day”[Article] Sydney Morning Herald, Thursday 25 May 1882 p 4 Available at: http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/28380308 Accessed 29 June 2013

Trove: Digitised newspapers and more. National Library of Australia, Canberra “Licensing Court” [Article]Sydney Morning Herald Wed 2 November 1892 p 7 Available at: http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/13884648?searchTerm=charles%20hecht&searchLimits= Accessed19 July 2013

Trove: Digitised newspapers and more. National Library of Australia, Canberra. “Extraordinary Divorce Case” [Article] The Sydney Morning Herald Saturday 15 September 1883 p 8. Available at: http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/13544665?searchTerm=%20hotel%20sans%20souci%20sandringham&searchLimits=#pstart1415466. Accessed 28 June 2013

Trove: Digitised newspapers and more. National Library of Australia, Canberra. “A New Park by the Seaside” [Article] Sydney Morning Herald, Wednesday 21 October 1885, p. 7. Available at: http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/13601182. Accessed 30 June 2013

Trove: Digitised newspapers and more. National Library of Australia, Canberra . “Insolvency Court-Thursday” [Article] The Sydney Morning Herald Friday 18 November 1887 p. 4 Available at: http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/13676850#pstart1392927 Accessed 28 June 2013

Trove: Digitised newspapers and more. National Library of Australia, Canberra “Advertising” [Article] Sydney Morning Herald Monday 21 May 1888. p.2. Available at: http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/13687047?searchTerm=cauvarel%20publican%20prince%20of%20wales&searchLimits=. Accessed 31 May 2013

Trove: Digitised newspapers and more. National Library of Australia, Canberra “Picnics” [Article] Sydney Morning Herald Friday 19 October 1888 p 3 Available at: http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/13700228?searchTerm=Cauvarel,%20prince%20of%20wales&searchLimits= Accessed 1 June 2013

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Trove: Digitised newspapers and more. National Library of Australia, Canberra “To the Editor of the Herald” [Article] Sydney Morning Herald Friday 18 January 1889 p 6 Available at: http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/13710820?searchTerm=prince%20of%20wales%20hotel%20%20sandringham&searchLimits=. Accessed 1 June 2013

Trove: Digitised newspapers and more. National Library of Australia, Canberra “Births, Marriages, Deaths” [Article] Sydney Morning Herald Thursday 28 February 1889 p 4. Available at: http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/13715792. Accessed 30 May 2013

Trove: Digitised newspapers and more. National Library of Australia, Canberra “Notices” [Article] Sydney Morning Herald Monday 3 March 1890 p2. Available at: http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/13761435#pstart1382183 Accessed 30 May 2013

Trove: Digitised newspapers and more. National Library of Australia, Canberra “Commercial Travellers Association of NSW” [Article] Sydney Morning Herald Tuesday 30 December 1890 p6 Available at: http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/13774949 Accessed 1 July 2013

Trove: Digitised newspapers and more. National Library of Australia, Canberra “Annual Licensing Court” [Article] Sydney Morning Herald Wednesday 1 July 1891 p 7 Available at: http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/28271137 Accessed 2 July 2013

Trove: Digitised newspapers and more. National Library of Australia, Canberra “A Hotel Transaction” [Article] The Sydney Morning Herald Thursday 31 March 1892, p 5 Available at: http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/113759458?searchTerm=charles%20hecht&searchLimits=#pstart12054152 Accessed 19 July 2013

Trove: Digitised newspapers and more. National Library of Australia, Canberra “Legal Notices” [Article] The Sydney Morning Herald Friday 10 June 1892 p 1 Available at: http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/28268983#pstart1376803. Accessed 19 July 2013

Trove: Digitised newspapers and more. National Library of Australia, Canberra “Hotels” [Article] Sydney Morning Herald 19 April 1893 p.2 Available at: http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/13911569 Accessed 4 July 2013

Trove: Digitised newspapers and more. National Library of Australia, Canberra “Marshall’s Paddington Brewery Limited – Employees’ Annual Picnic” [Article] Sydney Morning Herald Tuesday 15 March 1898 p5 Available at: http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/14152589#pstart1358628 Accessed 20 July 2013

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Trove: Digitised newspapers and more. National Library of Australia, Canberra “Harriers” [Article] Sydney Morning Herald Monday 11 May 1896 p 6 Available at: http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/14048885?searchTerm=prince%20of%20wales%20hotel%20sandringham&searchLimits= Accessed 5July 2013

Trove: Digitised newspapers and more. National Library of Australia, Canberra “Municipal Elections. Cook Ward” [Article] Sydney Morning Herald Saturday 26 November 1898 p. 9 Available at: http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/14187026#pstart1356018. Accessed 10 July 2013

Trove: Digitised newspapers and more. National Library of Australia, Canberra “Foley Brother’s Picnic” [Article] Sydney Morning Herald Saturday 21 October 1899 p. 14 Available at: http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/14247705#pstart1351818 Accessed 20 July 2013

Trove: Digitised newspapers and more. National Library of Australia, Canberra “St George Sailing Club” [Article] Sydney Morning Herald Tuesday 26 June 1900, p 6 Available at: http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/14320088?searchTerm=prince%20of%20wales%20hotel%20%20sandringham&searchLimits=#pstart1349535 Accessed 20 July 2013

Trove: Digitised newspapers and more. National Library of Australia, Canberra “Advertising- Poultry, Dogs Etc” [Article] Sydney Morning Herald Thursday 7 March 1901 p2 Available at: http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/14380848#pstart1344105 Accessed 21 July 2013

Trove: Digitised newspapers and more. National Library of Australia, Canberra “Police Courts” [Article] Sydney Morning Herald Tuesday 26 March 1901 p. 7. Available at: http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/14357838 Accessed 10 July 2013

Trove: Digitised newspapers and more. National Library of Australia, Canberra “Football – NSW Referee’s Association” [Article] Sydney Morning Herald Monday 14 April 1902 p. 4 Available at: http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/14445430#pstart1341166. Accessed 5 July 2013

Trove: Digitised newspapers and more. National Library of Australia, Canberra “The Kennel Club Show- Visit of the Governor” [Article] Sydney Morning Herald Friday 29 August 1902 p 8 Available at: http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/14516865?searchTerm=%22c.%20w.%20lincke%22%20Death%20&searchLimits=#pstart1337878 Accessed 21 July 2013

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Trove: Digitised newspapers and more. National Library of Australia, Canberra “A Smart Rescue” [Article] Sydney Morning Herald Tuesday 3 February 1903 p 4 Available at: http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/14519620?searchTerm=prince%20of%20wales%20hotel%20sandringham&searchLimits= Accessed 22 July 2013

Trove: Digitised newspapers and more. National Library of Australia, Canberra “Employees Picnic” [Article] Sydney Morning Herald Monday 26 September 1904 p 8 Available at: http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/14624358?searchTerm=prince%20of%20wales%20hotel%20sandringham&searchLimits. Accessed 5 July 2013

Trove: Digitised newspapers and more. National Library of Australia, Canberra “Police Courts- Breach of the Liquor Act” [Article] Sydney Morning Herald Saturday 8 December 1906p 10 Available at: http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/14824742?searchTerm=prince%20of%20wales%20hotel%20sandringham&searchLimits= Accessed 5 July 2013

Trove: Digitised newspapers and more. National Library of Australia, Canberra “Amusements” [Article] Sydney Morning Herald Tuesday 1 Dec 1908 p 7 Available at: http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/15026744?searchTerm=%20%22prince%20of%20wales%20hotel%22%20sandringham%201903%20&searchLimits=l-title=35#pstart1311544 Accessed 21 July 2013

Trove: Digitised newspapers and more. National Library of Australia, Canberra “Family Notices” [Article] Sydney Morning Herald Monday 24 January, 1916 p 8. Available at: http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/15638842?searchTerm=Frederick%20Charles%20Tidswell&searchLimits=. Accessed 30 May 2013

Trove: Digitised newspapers and more. National Library of Australia, Canberra “Social” [Article] Sydney Morning Herald Saturday 6 January 1917 p. 9 Available at: http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/15728963?searchTerm=prince%20of%20wales%20hotel%20sandringham%201917&searchLimits=#pstart1266709 Accessed 23 July 2013

Trove: Digitised newspapers and more. National Library of Australia, Canberra “Licensing Court” [Article] Sydney Morning Herald Friday 9 July 1920 p.7 Available at: http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/15897083?searchTerm=%22Howard%20ritchie%22%20&searchLimits=l-australian=y Accessed 27 July 2013

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Trove: Digitised newspapers and more. National Library of Australia, Canberra “Publican’s Licences” [Article] Sydney Morning Herald Saturday 9 Dec 1922 p 17 Available at: http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/16040265?searchTerm=%22prince%20of%20wales%20hotel%22%20william%20longton&searchLimits=#pstart1235426 Accessed 25 July 2013

Trove: Digitised newspapers and more. National Library of Australia, Canberra “Attacked by Gang- Man Brutally Assaulted” [Article] Sydney Morning Herald Saturday 27 September 1924 p 18 Available at: http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/28071993#pstart1223692 Accessed 27 July 2013

Trove: Digitised newspapers and more. National Library of Australia, Canberra “Hotelkeepers Fined- Whiskey Not Up to Standard” [Article] Sydney Morning Herald Wed 27 October 1926 p11 Available at: http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/16330271?searchTerm=albert%20magull&searchLimits= Accessed 26 July 2013

Trove: Digitised newspapers and more. National Library of Australia, Canberra “Legless Man Injured- Motor Driver Arrested” [Article] Sydney Morning Herald Tuesday 27 September 1927 p 2 Available at: http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/81095915?searchTerm=prince%20of%20wales%20hotel%20sandringham&searchLimits= Accessed 27 July 2013

Trove: Digitised newspapers and more. National Library of Australia, Canberra “Family Notices” [Article] Sydney Morning Herald Friday 30 Sept 1927 p 9 Available at: http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/16407778?searchTerm=%22David%20Joseph%20Ryan%22%20funeral&searchLimits= Accessed 26 July 2013

Trove: Digitised newspapers and more. National Library of Australia, Canberra “District Court” [Article] Sydney Morning Herald Thursday 23 February 1928 p 8. Available at: http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/16444257?searchTerm=albert%20magull&searchLimits=#pstart1203537 Accessed 27 July 2013

Trove: Digitised newspapers and more. National Library of Australia, Canberra “Publican Assaulted- Three Men Fined” [Article] Sydney Morning Herald, Friday 8 August 1930 p 7 Available at: http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/16703197?searchTerm=ritchie%20licensee&searchLimits=l-australian=y#pstart1348443 Accessed 27 July 2013

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Trove: Digitised newspapers and more. National Library of Australia, Canberra “Balmain Hospital- Fifty Years of Service”. [Article] Sydney Morning Herald Wednesday 25 December 1935 p 8. Available at: http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/17236317 Accessed 28 May 2013

Trove: Digitised newspapers and more. National Library of Australia, Canberra “Public Notices”[Article] Sydney Morning Herald Thursday 5 Feb 1948 p. 9 Available at: http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/18059985 Accessed 28 July 2013

Trove: Digitised newspapers and more. National Library of Australia, Canberra “Births” [Article] Sydney Morning Herald Wednesday 26 December 1951 p 12 Available at: http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/18245919 Accessed 29 July 2013

Trove: Digitised newspapers and more. National Library of Australia, Canberra “Waterfront Erosion” [Article] Sydney Morning Herald Wednesday 6 August 1952 p 1 Available at: http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/18276350#pstart1053520 Accessed 29 July 2013

Trove: Digitised newspapers and more. National Library of Australia, Canberra “Eastern Australasia-Items by Mail” [Article] The West Australian Tuesday 18 November 1913 p8. Available at: http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/26890580?searchTerm=prince%20of%20wales%20hotel%20sandringham%201914&searchLimits= Accessed 19 July 2013

Trove: Digitised newspapers and more. National Library of Australia, Canberra “Eastern Australasia- Items by Mail” [Article] The West Australian Thursday January 22, 1914 p.4 Available at: http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/26895775?searchTerm=prince%20of%20wales%20hotel%20sandringham%201914&searchLimits=#pstart2800798 Accessed 22 July 2013

Trove: Digitised newspapers and more. National Library of Australia, Canberra “Hotel Licensee Stabbed- Crippled Man Arrested” [Article] The West Australian, Perth, Friday 23 January 1931p 5 Available at: http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/33238863#pstart2862308 Accessed 27 July 2013

Trove: Digitised newspapers and more. National Library of Australia, Canberra Thomas, Bryan, 1980, “Single map edition:The original colonial landholders of Sydney 1792-1892” : reconstructed from the original N.S.W. Department of Lands map: "City of Sydney and Environs, 1892" [cartographic material] Available at: http://trove.nla.gov.au/version/12365870 Accessed 30 June 2013

Wikipedia. “Lady Robinsons Beach”. [Article] Last modified 13 February, 2013. Available at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lady_Robinsons_Beach. Accessed 16 April 2013.

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Wikipedia. “Miller’s Point, New South Wales” [Article] Last modified 14 March 2013. Available at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Millers_Point,_New_South_Wales

Wikipedia. “Sandringham, New South Wales” [Article] Last modified 23 March 2013. Available at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandringham,_New_South_Wales Accessed 20 May 2013

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Blogs

Hitchen, Mike (no date) The Old Tin Shed- Sydney Stadium- The Story of the Old Sydney Stadium. A Story of People, a Story of an Era [Online Blog]. Available at: http://sydneystadium.blogspot.com.au/2010/09/les-darcy-australian-icon-died-american.html#.Uepvko2ouSo Accessed 22 July 2013

Mark D. and Laila E., Scratching Sydney’s Surface [Blog] Available at: http://scratchingsydneyssurface.wordpress.com/tag/coopers-distillery/. Accessed 17 April 2013.

Sally, Postcode 2205: Arncliffe, Turella, Wolli Creek [Blog] by Sally, Blogger since April 2006. Available at: http://arncliffesydney.blogspot.com.au/2006/08/arncliffe-park-part-1.html. Accessed 21 May 2013

 

   

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The Prince of Wales Hotel (nd) http://cdn.fairfaxregional.com.au/silverstone-feed-data/2b972bc2-7ebd-40f3-86b8-1c9b2817b0a8.jpg

 

Sandringham Point circa 2012 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Georges_River_at_Sandringham.jpg