the protestant reformation. causes of the reformation? church corruption anger of holy roman...
TRANSCRIPT
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TheProtestant
Reformation
TheProtestant
Reformation
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Causes of the Reformation? Church corruption
Anger of Holy Roman Empire towards Church
Efforts of reformers, like Martin Luther & John Calvin
Secular leaders’ greed for Church land
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Church Corruption
• Was all church corruption equal?– What was worse?
• Priests marrying?
• Simony (purchase of church offices)?
• Indulgences (“buying” salvation)?
– They were ALL bad……!
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Why did the Reformation Start in the Holy Roman Empire?
• No centralized state (390+ separate entities)
• Church controlled a lot of land in HRE
• Church took advantage of HRE lands and rulers– Weak, generally small
states– Church taxed them
• Most residents of HRE were angry at church abuses
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Martin Luther• Luther’s background
– Priest and professor, at U of Wittenberg (HRE)
• Offended by indulgences and John Tetzel, commissioner of Pope– Basis of indulgences: faith +
good works = salvation– Tetzel: "As soon as the coin in
the coffer rings, the soul from purgatory springs."
• Wrote 95 Theses (arguments) against indulgences & Tetzel– Example: #86– Challenged Tetzel to debate
(ignored)– Luther used printing press
to spread his side of argument
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Luther’s Excommunication• Luther began pamphlet
campaign, spreading his ideas
• Distance from HRE to Rome a factor– 1517: Luther’s letter to
Archbishop of Mainz– Late 1518 = initial
response to Luther’s 95 Theses
– What was Luther doing during this time?
• 1521: Diet of Worms– Luther ordered to appear
for trial and execution– Luther attended, then…
disappeared!
• Luther abducted by Electors who wanted
to “convert” to new religion (why?)
• TO TAKE CHURCH LAND! • 100+ years of religious wars a
result
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Spread of Lutheranism
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Activity
• Read the following Primary Source documents and answer the corresponding questions.
• Then answer the following essay question in 2 paragraphs: “How did the protestant reformation change Europe?”
• Due at the end of class.
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Video
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ijjbtcAEOnY
• What just happened?• Why is this event important?
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John Calvin (1509-1564)• John Calvin was a French lawyer• Left Catholic Church around
1530• Fled France to Switzerland due
to anti-Protestant violence in 1536
• Wrote Institutes of the Christian Religion (His statement of belief)– Predestination
• All events have been willed by God• Humans have no free will
– The “Elect”• God has chosen a small group of
people for salvation, the Elect• No one knows who the Elect are• Elect naturally live life according
to Biblical teachings, demonstrating their fitness for salvation
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The Reformation in England• Henry VIII had a
problem…..– Wanted a divorce– Pope refused
• Henry’s response (1534)– Henry confiscated all
Church land in England• 20%+ of English lands• Distributed to loyal
noblemen– Started his own
church = Anglican Church
– King was head of church
– Divorce was allowed
Divorced
Executed
Di
ed
Divorced
Executed
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ReformationEurope
(Late 16c)
ReformationEurope
(Late 16c)
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Effects of the Reformation
• Increase in Nationalism – identity to a nation of people vs. “Christendom”
• Bible translated into vernacular (English, German, etc)
• Catholic “Counter Reformation”
• Religious Wars
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Activity
• Read the following Primary Source documents and answer the corresponding questions.
• Then answer the following essay question in 2 paragraphs: “What were the effects of the Protestant Reformation? Do you think the Reformation was successful? Why or why not?”
• Due at the end of class.