the project 25 organization and status update - npstc home

National Public Safety Telecommunications Council

The Project 25 Organizationand Status Update

John S. PowellNPSTC Interoperability Chair

Member, P25 Steering Committee12 Nov 2007

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NPSTC is a federation of organizations whose mission is to improve public safety communications and interoperability through collaborative leadership.

The Project 25 Logo

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Summary

• Digital Communications Explained• Interoperability• The Standards Process • Precepts of Project 25

– Bandwidth, procurement and interoperability

– Standardized encryption and trunking

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Summary

• The Common Air Interface (CAI)• Characteristics of Digital Systems• Users• Manufacturers• Project 25 Systems• The Future

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ANALOG vs. DIGITAL

ANALOG• The human voice is

analog• Characterized by

complex and rapidly changing waveforms

DIGITAL• Digital is simply a

series of 0’s and 1’s (on and off, etc).

• Analog waveforms can be converted to/from digital form

• Some intelligence may be lost in A-D/D-A conversion

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INTEROPERABILITY

• Analog interoperability primarily requires using the same frequency.

• Digital interoperability requires use of similar technologies and identical data formats.

• Unless built to a common standard, digital radios are unable to communicate in a digital mode.

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WINDS OF CHANGE

FCC Announces Plans to Allocate Additional Spectrum for Trunking

NASTD Announces Plans to Propose that the FCC Mandate Standards

APCO Announces Plans to Oppose Mandatory Trunking Standards

Users Organize Outside of Traditional Organizations In Support of Standards

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WINDS OF CHANGE

National Communications System Continues to Push for Standards within

the Federal Government

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COMMON INTERESTS PREVAIL

APCO and NASTD Representatives Meet in Muskegon, Michigan, to Discuss

Differences

APCO and NASTD Meet in Reno, Nevada, in August, 1989, to Finalize a Verbal

Agreement to Cooperate in a Joint Effort to Establish Standards for “New Technology”

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Public Safety Moves to a Consensus

In October, 1989, APCO, NASTD, the National Communications System (NCS), The National

Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA), and the Department of Defense, National Security Agency, Agree

to the Creation of Project 25

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The Project 25 Steering CommitteeThe Project 25 Steering Committee

Eleven Steering Committee members include:• Four APCO (Association of Public-Safety

Communications Officials-International)

• Four NASTD (National Association of State Telecommunications Directors)

• Three Federal Government:DoD (Department of Defense)FLEWUG (Federal Law Enforcement Wireless Users

Group), now FPICNCS (National Communications System), now NTIA

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P25.1 User Needs Subcommittee Process

• User Need transmitted to chairman by FAX, email, or letter.• Chairman sends copy of User Need to all members for

review and comment.• Chairman sends copy of all comments to all members for

review and comment.• User Need and comments discussed at next meeting and

formally voted.• Specific User Need approved language added to Statement

of Requirements (SOR).• Chairman sends SOR with approved changes after each

meeting for review and comment.• SOR approved at the next meeting and then transmitted to

the Steering Committee for their approval.

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Project 25 - TIA Organization Chart

Project 25Steering Committee

(APSC)

TIAAd Hoc

Project 25Interface

Committee(APIC)

TIALand Mobile

SectionTR 8

Task Groups and Working Groups

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The Standards Process

• APCO / NASTD / FED User’s Role– Establish user requirements– Review technology– Select a standard

• TIA's Role– Provide technical support – Provide mechanics of standard writing– Develop and approve standards

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Project 25 User Objectives

1. Obtain maximum radio spectrum efficiency.

2. Ensure competition in system lifecycle Procurements.

3. Allow effective, efficient and reliable intra-agency and interagency communications (interoperability).

4. Provide “user friendly” equipment. “User friendly” is defined as requiring the least amount of mental and physical interaction by the operator.

5. Provide for graceful migration from analog through future digital technologies.

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Spectrum Migration

Migrate from 25 to 12.5 to 6.25 kHz

Project 25Phase I

Project 25Phase II

25kHz 12.5kHz 6.25kHz

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Competitive Procurement & InteroperabilityBenefits of the Common Air Interface

ANSI Standard ANSI/TIA/EIA 102.CAAA

Ability To Meet In The AirAbility To Meet In The Air–– Interoperability Among SuppliersInteroperability Among Suppliers–– Interoperability Among AgenciesInteroperability Among Agencies

Brand X

Brand Y

Fire

Police Federal

Local

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Project 25 Project 25 Initial Initial Focus on Seven System Interfaces

Other Systems

Host

Gateway

Network Manager

Consoles

Subscriber Units

Repeaters

PSTN

InterInter--SubSystemSubSystem

InterfaceInterface

Interconnect Interconnect (PSTN)(PSTN)

Data Data InterfaceInterface

Console Console InterfaceInterface

Common Air Common Air Interface Interface

C.A.I.C.A.I.

Host Data Host Data InterfaceInterface

Network Network ManagementManagement

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PROJECT 25 ENCRYPTIONPROJECT 25 ENCRYPTION

• CAI designed to support the encryption of user voice and data using symmetric key algorithms.

• Encryption provides confidentiality for voice and data when sent over the CAI.

• CAI designed to support use of any of the four types of algorithms.

• CAI designed to support Over the Air Rekeying (OTAR).

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Phase I Common Air Interface(C.A.I.)

• Modulation . . . . . . . . C4FM• Channel Access. . . . FDMA• Bandwidth. . . . . . . . . 12.5 kHz• Channel Bit Rate . . . 9.6 kbps• Vocoder . . . . . . . . . . IMBE• Signaling Format. . . Project 25

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Project 25 Phase IStandards Suite

Encryption&

OTAR

Mobile&

PortableData

Sub-System

Interfaces

TrunkingCommon Air Interface

(CAI)

•Channel Access Method•Modulation Method•Vocoding Method•Channel Data Rate

•Channel Data Format

Completed August 1995

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POSITIVE EXPERIENCES

• Digital range is indeed comparable or superior to analog.

• It is easy to achieve 12.5 kHz bandwidth with digital and virtually impossible to reach 6.25 kHz bandwidth using analog FM.

• Encryption is essentially a byproduct of digital. A much higher degree of security is possible with digital.

• Interface with other digital devices is facilitated.

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NEGATIVE EXPERIENCES

• At least initially, cost is somewhat higher for digital.• Although designed for backward compatibility to

analog, compatibility requires use of analog with resulting loss of many digital features.

• Base station range may be reduced in simulcast mode (a result of applying the laws of physics)*.

• Although usable range is at least as good as analog, digital gives little notice as the edge of the service area is approached. Once bit error rates exceed acceptable tolerances, reception abruptly ceases.

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PROJECT 25 PHASE IIPrimary (FDMA) Track Migration

• Backward Compatibility – Analog (12.5 and 25 kHz)– 12.5 kHz Project 25 Phase I Digital– Individual Manufacturer’s Trunking

• Next Generation – 6.25 kHz Project 25 Phase II Digital

• Extend Future Compatibility– Interoperability With Future Technologies

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Phase II Common Air Interface(C.A.I.) - FDMA Track

• Modulation . . . . . . . . QPSK-C• Channel Access. . . . FDMA• Bandwidth. . . . . . . . . 6.25 kHz• Channel Bit Rate . . . 9.6 kbps• Vocoder . . . . . . . . . . IMBE• Signaling Format. . . Project 25

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Project 25 Phase I DocumentsProject 25 Phase I Documents

SystemSystemSystemSystem & Standard DefinitionISSI OverviewISSI DefinitionISSI ConformanceTelephone Interconnect Interface DefinitionNetwork Management Interface DefinitionNetwork Management Interface Conformance

EncryptionEncryptionEncryptionSecurity Services OverviewDES Encryption ProtocolDES Encryption ConformanceOTAR ProtocolOTAR Operational DescriptionOTAR Conformance

DataDataDataData OverviewPacket Data SpecificationCircuit Data SpecificationRadio Control Protocol Specification

TrunkingTrunkingTrunking

Trunking OverviewTrunking Control Channel FormatsTrunking Control Channel MessagesLink Control WordsConventional Control Channel MessagesTrunking Procedures

CAICAICAI

Common Air Interface (CAI)CAI Conformance TestingCAI Reserved ValuesCAI Operational DescriptionVocoder DescriptionVocoder Mean Opinion Score (MOS) TestVocoder Reference TestVocoder Selection ProcessTransceiver Measurements and MethodsTransceiver Performance Recommendations

LockdownLockdownLockdown

Lockdown Test & Procedures

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Project 25 Phase II FDMA Track DocumentsProject 25 Phase II FDMA Track Documents

SystemSystemSystemSystem & Standard DefinitionISSI OverviewISSI DefinitionISSI ConformanceTelephone Interconnect Interface DefinitionNetwork Management Interface DefinitionNetwork Management Interface Conformance

EncryptionEncryptionEncryptionSecurity Services OverviewDES Encryption ProtocolDES Encryption ConformanceOTAR ProtocolOTAR Operational DescriptionOTAR Conformance

DataDataDataData OverviewPacket Data SpecificationCircuit Data SpecificationRadio Control Protocol Specification

TrunkingTrunkingTrunking

Trunking OverviewTrunking Control Channel FormatsTrunking Control Channel MessagesLink Control WordsConventional Control Channel MessagesTrunking Procedures

CAICAICAICommon Air Interface (CAI)CAI Conformance TestingCAI Reserved ValuesCAI Operational DescriptionVocoder DescriptionVocoder Mean Opinion Score (MOS) TestVocoder Reference TestVocoder Selection ProcessTransceiver Measurements and MethodsTransceiver Performance Recommendations

LockdownLockdown

Lockdown Test & Procedures

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PROJECT 25 PHASE IIPROJECT 25 PHASE IITDMA TrackTDMA Track

• Alternate track to meet specific user needs:–High density metropolitan area

systems –Frequency congestion: must meet

6.25 kHz equivalent–Engineering concerns: many

transmitters at same site–Equipment benefits: multiple

carriers per transmitter

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WHY CANWHY CAN’’T WE GO TO 6.25 kHz T WE GO TO 6.25 kHz FDMA?FDMA?

• Standards being ready does not mean the technology is ready:

– Small, linear amplifiers have to be developed

– Required frequency stability not yet available

– New battery technology is needed to support amplifiers

• Manufacturers estimate 3+ yrs for technologies to mature to public safety readiness

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Wireline Standards - ProgressRequired for Compliance Assessment Plan

Packet Data

Trunked Console

Conventional (Console)

Supplementary Data

Overview Messages and

Procedures

Measurement Methods

Performance Conformance Interop testing

ISSI Scope 1

ISSI Scope 2

CSSI

ISSI Scope 3 = CSSI Scope 2FSI Scope 1

FSI Scope 2

TBD

See ISSI Scope 2

See ISSI Scope 2

See ISSI Scope 2

See ISSI Scope 2

See ISSI Scope 2

TBD

TBD

TBD

Next In Line

Developing in APIC

Approved to publish

TIA Published

Developing in TR8.19

Revision

Erratum

Ballot Open

Revision BACA-3

Revision

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Other Standards Requiring Enhancement Due to ISSI Development

Trunking Procedures (AABD)

Trunking Control Channel

Messages (AABC)

Link Control Formats (AABF)

Trunking Air Interface

Conformance

Trunking Air Interface

Interoperability (CABC)

Packet Data Air Interface

(BAEB)

Reserved Values (BAAC)

ISSI Scope 1 NA NA

ISSI Scope 2Packet Data NA NA NA NA NA Unknown NA

Trunked Console NA NA NA NA NA NA NAConventional

(Console, Complexity 1 and 2)

NA NA NA NA NA NA

Supplementary Data NA NA NA

Next In Line

Developing in APIC

Approved to publish

TIA Published

Developing in TR8.10

Ballot Open

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Information Sources

http://www.project25.org/http://www.apcointl.org/

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Information Sources

• Daniels http://www.danelec.com/• Datron http://www.dtsi.com/• EFJohnson http://www.efjohnson.com/• IFR http://www.ifrsys.com/• Kenwood http://www.kenwood.com/• M/A-COM http://www.macom.com/opensky• Motorola http://www.mot.com/• Racal http://www.racalcomm.com/• RELM/BKRadio http://www.relm.com/• Technisonic http://www.til.ca/• Wulfsberg http://www.wulfsberg.com/

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