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  • The presentation will begin shortlyChallenges of Groundwater Characterization “When you drill you get a small hole in what may be acres and acres of space,” Gabrielsen said. “You
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Page 1: The presentation will begin shortlyChallenges of Groundwater Characterization “When you drill you get a small hole in what may be acres and acres of space,” Gabrielsen said. “You

The presentation will begin shortly

Page 2: The presentation will begin shortlyChallenges of Groundwater Characterization “When you drill you get a small hole in what may be acres and acres of space,” Gabrielsen said. “You

Mapping Complex Pollution Scenarios

Charting Water Flow Along Lenses of Materials with Differing Porosity and Permeability

Page 3: The presentation will begin shortlyChallenges of Groundwater Characterization “When you drill you get a small hole in what may be acres and acres of space,” Gabrielsen said. “You

Challenges of Groundwater Characterization

• The problem is hidden from view

• Operator is limited to what he can measure

• You can only drill so many holes—or can you?

• Geology adds to complication

Page 4: The presentation will begin shortlyChallenges of Groundwater Characterization “When you drill you get a small hole in what may be acres and acres of space,” Gabrielsen said. “You

Challenges of Groundwater Characterization

“When you drill you get a small hole in what may be acres and acres of space,” Gabrielsen said. “You have this spot in time and space you’re looking at and trying to gauge the characteristics of the subsurface. That’s a difficult thing to do.”

---Gabe Gabrielsen

Page 5: The presentation will begin shortlyChallenges of Groundwater Characterization “When you drill you get a small hole in what may be acres and acres of space,” Gabrielsen said. “You

Challenges to Remediate

• How confident are you that the proposed design will fix the problem?

• Are you spending capital with the confidence that it will solve the problem?

• How sure are you that this doesn’t turn into a recurring nightmare?

Page 6: The presentation will begin shortlyChallenges of Groundwater Characterization “When you drill you get a small hole in what may be acres and acres of space,” Gabrielsen said. “You

Challenges to Remediate

Page 7: The presentation will begin shortlyChallenges of Groundwater Characterization “When you drill you get a small hole in what may be acres and acres of space,” Gabrielsen said. “You

7

X-ray MRI

•Non-invasive•Great at

showing bones

•Non-invasive•Great at

showing bones

•Non-invasive•Ideal for

showing Soft Tissue detail

•Non-invasive•Ideal for

showing Soft Tissue detail

Which is Best? It Depends…Surgery

•Invasive•Gives you reality of situation

•Invasive•Gives you reality of situation

Page 8: The presentation will begin shortlyChallenges of Groundwater Characterization “When you drill you get a small hole in what may be acres and acres of space,” Gabrielsen said. “You

8

Traditional AquaTrack

•Primarily designed for

geologic structure

•Primarily designed for

geologic structure

•Purpose built for mapping

preferential flow paths of water

•Purpose built for mapping

preferential flow paths of water

Page 9: The presentation will begin shortlyChallenges of Groundwater Characterization “When you drill you get a small hole in what may be acres and acres of space,” Gabrielsen said. “You

Purpose-Built Technology has Benefits

• The first hockey mask was used in a Pro game over 100 years after the game was first played

• Technology designed for a specific purpose has inherent benefits

Page 10: The presentation will begin shortlyChallenges of Groundwater Characterization “When you drill you get a small hole in what may be acres and acres of space,” Gabrielsen said. “You

AquaTrack™Controlled Source – Audio Frequency Domain Magnetics

• Direct induction of electricity into groundwater

• Electrical current gathers in conductive features

• Resultant electrical current flow generates magnetic field

• Magnetic field measured on surface of ground using specialized equipment

• Develops three dimensional models of groundwater

Page 11: The presentation will begin shortlyChallenges of Groundwater Characterization “When you drill you get a small hole in what may be acres and acres of space,” Gabrielsen said. “You

WellWell

Well

Bottom of WellBottom of Well

Bottom of Well

Basement Rock

Dry Silts, Sands and Gravels

Power Supply

Antenna Wire

Electrode

Electrode

Magnetic Field Electric Current Flow Lines

Saturated Silts, Sands and Gravels

Typical Electrode Configuration

Page 12: The presentation will begin shortlyChallenges of Groundwater Characterization “When you drill you get a small hole in what may be acres and acres of space,” Gabrielsen said. “You

X component of magnetic field

Y component of magnetic field

Z component of magnetic Field

Coils

GPS Antenna

Portable Computer

Data Logger, GPS Unit Circuit Boards, etc.

“Willowstick”Instrument

Subsurface Electric Current Flow

Magnetic Field

Antenna Wire

Power Supply

Control Panel

Page 13: The presentation will begin shortlyChallenges of Groundwater Characterization “When you drill you get a small hole in what may be acres and acres of space,” Gabrielsen said. “You
Page 14: The presentation will begin shortlyChallenges of Groundwater Characterization “When you drill you get a small hole in what may be acres and acres of space,” Gabrielsen said. “You

CS-AFD-M and Differing Porosities

• Electrical current responds differently to varying porosities- Fractured rock- Sands, gravels- Karst

• Technology does not energize clays- IP effect- Clay acts as electrical

capacitor

Page 15: The presentation will begin shortlyChallenges of Groundwater Characterization “When you drill you get a small hole in what may be acres and acres of space,” Gabrielsen said. “You

CS-AFD-M in Sands and Gravels

Page 16: The presentation will begin shortlyChallenges of Groundwater Characterization “When you drill you get a small hole in what may be acres and acres of space,” Gabrielsen said. “You

WellWell

Well

Bottom of WellBottom of Well

Bottom of Well

Basement Rock

Dry Silts, Sands and Gravels

Power Supply

Antenna Wire

Electrode

Electrode

Magnetic Field Electric Current Flow Lines

Saturated Silts, Sands and Gravels

CS-AFD-M in Silts, Sands and Gravels

Page 17: The presentation will begin shortlyChallenges of Groundwater Characterization “When you drill you get a small hole in what may be acres and acres of space,” Gabrielsen said. “You

CS-AFD-M in Silts, Sands and Gravels

Page 18: The presentation will begin shortlyChallenges of Groundwater Characterization “When you drill you get a small hole in what may be acres and acres of space,” Gabrielsen said. “You

Well

Well

Well

Bottom of Well.

Bottom of Well

Bottom of Well

Basement Rock

Dry Silts, Sands and Gravels

Power Supply

Antenna Wire

Lower Electrode

Upper Electrode

Magnetic Field

Electric Current Flow Lines

Saturated Silts, Sands and Gravels

CS-AFD-M in Silts, Sands and Gravels

Page 19: The presentation will begin shortlyChallenges of Groundwater Characterization “When you drill you get a small hole in what may be acres and acres of space,” Gabrielsen said. “You

CS-AFD-M in Silts, Sands and Gravels

Page 20: The presentation will begin shortlyChallenges of Groundwater Characterization “When you drill you get a small hole in what may be acres and acres of space,” Gabrielsen said. “You

CS-AFD-M in Silts, Sands and Gravels

Page 21: The presentation will begin shortlyChallenges of Groundwater Characterization “When you drill you get a small hole in what may be acres and acres of space,” Gabrielsen said. “You

CS-AFD-M in Silts, Sands and Gravels

Page 22: The presentation will begin shortlyChallenges of Groundwater Characterization “When you drill you get a small hole in what may be acres and acres of space,” Gabrielsen said. “You

CS-AFD-M in Fractured Rock

Page 23: The presentation will begin shortlyChallenges of Groundwater Characterization “When you drill you get a small hole in what may be acres and acres of space,” Gabrielsen said. “You
Page 24: The presentation will begin shortlyChallenges of Groundwater Characterization “When you drill you get a small hole in what may be acres and acres of space,” Gabrielsen said. “You
Page 25: The presentation will begin shortlyChallenges of Groundwater Characterization “When you drill you get a small hole in what may be acres and acres of space,” Gabrielsen said. “You
Page 26: The presentation will begin shortlyChallenges of Groundwater Characterization “When you drill you get a small hole in what may be acres and acres of space,” Gabrielsen said. “You
Page 27: The presentation will begin shortlyChallenges of Groundwater Characterization “When you drill you get a small hole in what may be acres and acres of space,” Gabrielsen said. “You

CS-AFD-M in Karst

Page 28: The presentation will begin shortlyChallenges of Groundwater Characterization “When you drill you get a small hole in what may be acres and acres of space,” Gabrielsen said. “You

Karstic cave found during excavation in right abutment

Right Abutment Grout Curtain

Main Leak(Downstream of Right Abutment)

Page 29: The presentation will begin shortlyChallenges of Groundwater Characterization “When you drill you get a small hole in what may be acres and acres of space,” Gabrielsen said. “You

29

Page 30: The presentation will begin shortlyChallenges of Groundwater Characterization “When you drill you get a small hole in what may be acres and acres of space,” Gabrielsen said. “You
Page 31: The presentation will begin shortlyChallenges of Groundwater Characterization “When you drill you get a small hole in what may be acres and acres of space,” Gabrielsen said. “You

Limitations of CS-AFD-M

• Need wells to access groundwater for electrode placement

• Man-made cultural features can interfere with surveys

• Major flows can mask minor flows• Making interpretation of groundwater based

on electrical current flow• Cannot give measure of flow rates

Page 32: The presentation will begin shortlyChallenges of Groundwater Characterization “When you drill you get a small hole in what may be acres and acres of space,” Gabrielsen said. “You

Conclusions

• Technology directly energizes groundwater, maps resultant magnetic field

• Different porosities result in different electrical responses- Can be used to gauge relative porosity and even show areas of

greater permeability

• Technology can be applied to various types of geologic conditions

• A good tool to complement drilling and other traditional characterization methods

Page 33: The presentation will begin shortlyChallenges of Groundwater Characterization “When you drill you get a small hole in what may be acres and acres of space,” Gabrielsen said. “You

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