The Present and Future The Present and Future of an Integrated Database of an Integrated Database

on Oceanology on Oceanology of Southern Scientific of Southern Scientific

Research Institute Research Institute of Marine Fisheries and of Marine Fisheries and

OceanographyOceanography

B. Trotsenko, E. Romanov, and B. PanovB. Trotsenko, E. Romanov, and B. Panov

YugNIROYugNIROKerch, Crimea, UkraineKerch, Crimea, Ukraine

YugNIRO’s LocationYugNIRO’s Location

KerchKerch

the Black Sea

YugNIRO’s StatusYugNIRO’s Status

• YugNIRO is the principal governmental research institute YugNIRO is the principal governmental research institute under the State Department for Fisheries of the Ukraine under the State Department for Fisheries of the Ukraine involved in integrated marine fisheries researchinvolved in integrated marine fisheries research

• its basic responsibility is to provide information support to its basic responsibility is to provide information support to fisheries on the current state and dynamic of marine living fisheries on the current state and dynamic of marine living resources (MLR), marine environment, marine pollution, as resources (MLR), marine environment, marine pollution, as well as to perform control for over the fishing fleet activity, well as to perform control for over the fishing fleet activity, and to carry out data collection.and to carry out data collection.

YugNIRO’s ActivitiesYugNIRO’s Activities

The available databases and current YugNIRO monitoring The available databases and current YugNIRO monitoring activities are principal basis of fulfilments of Ukrainian activities are principal basis of fulfilments of Ukrainian obligations in the framework of international conventions, obligations in the framework of international conventions, agreements and membership in the international organizations agreements and membership in the international organizations involved in fisheries regulations (CCAMLR, NAFO, CITES) involved in fisheries regulations (CCAMLR, NAFO, CITES) which mean monitoring of the state of fisheries ecosystems in which mean monitoring of the state of fisheries ecosystems in the high seas areas of active Ukrainian fisheries, monitoring of the high seas areas of active Ukrainian fisheries, monitoring of fishing fleet activity, and development of sound management fishing fleet activity, and development of sound management advice on use of fisheries resources, forecasts of resource advice on use of fisheries resources, forecasts of resource state, as well as estimation of the Black Sea and the Sea of state, as well as estimation of the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov maine commercial species stocks for fisheries regulation Azov maine commercial species stocks for fisheries regulation and setting fishing quota by the State Committee of Fisheries of and setting fishing quota by the State Committee of Fisheries of the Ukraine.the Ukraine.

Yugniro’s ArchivesYugniro’s Archives• YugNIRO’s intensive 80 years research of the World Ocean living YugNIRO’s intensive 80 years research of the World Ocean living

resources has resulted in the solid database on a variety of subjects. resources has resulted in the solid database on a variety of subjects. The database The database ““CruisesCruises” ” includes records made by overincludes records made by over 950 950 research, scouting, and multipurpose (research and fishing) ocean-research, scouting, and multipurpose (research and fishing) ocean-going (to high seas and to EEZs of coastal countries) expeditions. going (to high seas and to EEZs of coastal countries) expeditions.

• Archives of the institute’s expeditions are available since the 1950-Archives of the institute’s expeditions are available since the 1950-es only, data collected earlier had not been saved. Those are es only, data collected earlier had not been saved. Those are records on tens of thousands of fishing operations, on hundreds of records on tens of thousands of fishing operations, on hundreds of thousands of biological analysis, and size frequencies data of fishes, thousands of biological analysis, and size frequencies data of fishes, cephalopods, shellfishes, accompanied by hydrometeorological cephalopods, shellfishes, accompanied by hydrometeorological data. data.

• A substantial part of the above-mentioned unique materials is being A substantial part of the above-mentioned unique materials is being stored in paper archives of logbooks, and this by no means may stored in paper archives of logbooks, and this by no means may provide the archives’ safety and efficient application. Archives are provide the archives’ safety and efficient application. Archives are not guaranteed safety in case of natural cataclysms and not guaranteed safety in case of natural cataclysms and anthropogenic disasters, nor they are protected against natural anthropogenic disasters, nor they are protected against natural ageing of paper and otherageing of paper and other medias. medias.

Principal Data SetsPrincipal Data Setsare specified by their origin, means of QC, are specified by their origin, means of QC, methods of analysis and data presentationmethods of analysis and data presentation

• environmental data (physical and chemical parameters of water body, environmental data (physical and chemical parameters of water body, meteorological parameters and data on marine pollution)meteorological parameters and data on marine pollution)

• ichthyological and hydrobiological data (haul/set operations, composition ichthyological and hydrobiological data (haul/set operations, composition of catch by species, biological analyses, size frequencies, of catch by species, biological analyses, size frequencies, ichthyoplankton and zooplankton surveys)ichthyoplankton and zooplankton surveys)

• fisheries statistics (total catch/effort by time/area strata and by type of fisheries statistics (total catch/effort by time/area strata and by type of vessels/gears; daily radio reports database (“OCEAN”), fishing operation vessels/gears; daily radio reports database (“OCEAN”), fishing operation database (“RIF”), and fisheries logbooks database for some database (“RIF”), and fisheries logbooks database for some areas/fisheries)areas/fisheries)

• reference data sets (meta data on YugNIRO cruises, sampling methods reference data sets (meta data on YugNIRO cruises, sampling methods and methodology, taxonomic codes, fishing vessels of the Ukraine)and methodology, taxonomic codes, fishing vessels of the Ukraine)

Data BasesData Basesin accordance with the level of accomplishmentin accordance with the level of accomplishment

1.1. Environmental (oEnvironmental (oceanography, hydrometeorology, pollution). ceanography, hydrometeorology, pollution). 2.2. Research/scouting fishing.Research/scouting fishing.3.3. Commercial purse-seine tuna fisheries collected by observers Commercial purse-seine tuna fisheries collected by observers

aboard fishing vessels.aboard fishing vessels.4.4. Tuna purse seine vessels logbooks and logbooks records Tuna purse seine vessels logbooks and logbooks records

extracts.extracts.5.5. Daily radio reports from the purse seine tuna fishing fleet.Daily radio reports from the purse seine tuna fishing fleet.6.6. Research and scouting long-line catches.Research and scouting long-line catches.7.7. Daily reports by vessels of the several fishing companies from Daily reports by vessels of the several fishing companies from

Soviet Corporation “Yugryba” (Fishing operation database Soviet Corporation “Yugryba” (Fishing operation database 1985-1988 (RIF) and Daily radio reports database 1993-1997 1985-1988 (RIF) and Daily radio reports database 1993-1997 (OCEAN). (OCEAN).

Data BasesData Bases (continued)(continued)

8. Zooplankton tows.8. Zooplankton tows. 9. Commercial invertebrates.9. Commercial invertebrates.10. Statistical reports of the Ukrainian fishing companies of 10. Statistical reports of the Ukrainian fishing companies of

fish and fish and other MLR other MLR catchescatches in the Azov-Black Sea basin.in the Azov-Black Sea basin.11. Monthly reports on catches at sampling sites and during 11. Monthly reports on catches at sampling sites and during

research expeditions by YugNIRO in the Azov and the research expeditions by YugNIRO in the Azov and the Black Seas.Black Seas.

12. Daily observations at the sampling site “Yurkino”.12. Daily observations at the sampling site “Yurkino”.13. Fishing vessels of the Ukraine.13. Fishing vessels of the Ukraine.14. Meteorological data of research expeditions by 14. Meteorological data of research expeditions by YugNIRO, YugNIRO,

“Yugribpoisk” fishing company, and scientific observers “Yugribpoisk” fishing company, and scientific observers from the icthyolological and fishing logbooks. from the icthyolological and fishing logbooks.

WorldWorld Ocean Cruises Archive (number of cruises)

133688

3

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Lonlines (pelagic andbottom)

Trawls Purse seines

Data on paper

2002

2001

2000

inputtedbefore 2000

172 758 28

Structure of DB “SD2”Structure of DB “SD2” Record 1Record 1Nansen’s BottlesNansen’s Bottles

No Parameter Position Length Description No Parameter Position Length Description 1. File id1. File id 11 1 1 1 1 2. Form number2. Form number 2-72-7 6 6 3. Record type3. Record type 88 1 1 11 4. Count4. Count 9-9-1100 2 2 number of records number of records

type 2 + 1 type 2 + 1 5. Ship code5. Ship code 11-1411-14 4 4 (from SHIPS.txt) (from SHIPS.txt) 6. Country code6. Country code 15-1615-16 2 2 7. Station number7. Station number 17-2117-21 5 5 8. Lat. (degr., min.) 8. Lat. (degr., min.) 22-2522-25 4 4 DDMM DDMM 9. Lat. Hemisphere9. Lat. Hemisphere 2626 1 1 N or S N or S 10. Long. (degr., min.)10. Long. (degr., min.) 27-3127-31 5 5 DDDMM DDDMM 11. Long. Hemisphere11. Long. Hemisphere3232 1 1 E or W E or W

Structure of DB “SD2”Structure of DB “SD2” Record 1Record 1Nansen’s Bottles (continued)Nansen’s Bottles (continued)

No Parameter Position Length Description No Parameter Position Length Description 12. Year12. Year 33-3433-34 2 213. Month13. Month 35-3635-36 2 214. Date14. Date 37-3837-38 2 215. Start time of station15. Start time of station 39-4239-42 4 HHMM 4 HHMM 16. End time of station16. End time of station 43-4643-46 4 HHMM 4 HHMM17. Hour zone17. Hour zone 47-4847-48 2 218. Maximum depth18. Maximum depth 49-5249-52 4 whole meters 4 whole meters19. Cruise number19. Cruise number 53-5453-54 2 220. Start year of cruise20. Start year of cruise55-5655-56 2 2

Structure of DB “SD2”Structure of DB “SD2” Record 2Record 2 Nansen’s Bottles Nansen’s Bottles

No Parameter Position Length DescriptionNo Parameter Position Length Description 11. File id. File id 1 1 1 1 11 2. Form number2. Form number 2-7 2-7 6 6 3. Record type 3. Record type 8 8 1 1 22 4. Line number4. Line number 9-10 29-10 2 5. Time5. Time 11-14 4 HHMM 11-14 4 HHMM 6. Depth6. Depth 15-18 4 whole meters 15-18 4 whole meters 7. T°C7. T°C 19-22 4 degree to hundredths 19-22 4 degree to hundredths 8. S‰ 8. S‰ 23-27 5 less to thousands 23-27 5 less to thousands 9. 9. δδ 28-31 4 less to hundredths28-31 4 less to hundredths10.O10.O22 (mg-at/l) (mg-at/l) 32-34 3 whole 32-34 3 whole11.O11.O2 2 (%) (%) 35-38 4 less to tenths 35-38 4 less to tenths

Structure of DB “SD2”Structure of DB “SD2” Record 2Record 2 Nansen’s Bottles (continued)Nansen’s Bottles (continued)

No Parameter Position Length DescriptionNo Parameter Position Length Description12. PH (B) 12. PH (B) 39-41 3 less to hundredths39-41 3 less to hundredths13. Alk (mg-ekv/l) 13. Alk (mg-ekv/l) 42-44 42-44 3 less to hundredths 3 less to hundredths14. PO14. PO44-P (mg-at/l) -P (mg-at/l) 45-4745-47 3 less to hundredths 3 less to hundredths15. P (total) (mg-at/l) 15. P (total) (mg-at/l) 48-50 48-50 3 less to hundredths 3 less to hundredths16. SIO16. SIO33-SI (mg-at/l) -SI (mg-at/l) 51-5351-53 3 whole 3 whole17. NO17. NO22-N (mg-at/l) -N (mg-at/l) 54-5654-56 3 less to hundredths 3 less to hundredths18. NO18. NO33-N (mg-at/l) -N (mg-at/l) 57-6057-60 4 less to hundredths 4 less to hundredths19. NH19. NH44-N (mg-at/l) -N (mg-at/l) 61-6361-63 3 less to tenths 3 less to tenths20. Oxidability 20. Oxidability 64-6664-66 3 less to hundredths 3 less to hundredths

Structure Structure of DB “OCEAN”DB “OCEAN” file F.DBF

Daily radioreports 1993-1997 No Field Name Type Width Dec RemarkNo Field Name Type Width Dec Remark

1. DATA1. DATA Date Date 8 8 Date Date 2. SUDNO2. SUDNO Character Character 4 4 R Radioadio callcall 3. RAJON3. RAJON Character Character 4 4 Fishing area Fishing area 4. 4. SHIROTASHIROTA Numeric Numeric 6 6 Latitude Latitude 5. 5. DOLGOTADOLGOTA Numeric Numeric 7 7 Longitude Longitude 6. 6. ORUDIEORUDIE Character Character 4 4 Fishing gearFishing gear 7. 7. K_TRALK_TRAL Numeric Numeric 2 2 Number of Number of

setssets 8. 8. VR_TRALVR_TRAL Numeric Numeric 3 1 Duration of 3 1 Duration of

setset 9. 9. GLUBINAGLUBINA Numeric Numeric 4 4 Depth (m) Depth (m)

Structure Structure of DB “OCEAN”B “OCEAN” file F.DBF

Daily radioreports 1993-1997 (continued)No Field Name Type Width Dec RemarkNo Field Name Type Width Dec Remark10. VID110. VID1 Character Character 3 3 Species codeSpecies code11. VILOV111. VILOV1 Numeric Numeric 4 1 4 1 Catch (kg)Catch (kg)12. VID212. VID2 Character Character 3 3 Species codeSpecies code13. VILOV213. VILOV2 Numeric Numeric 4 1 4 1 Catch (kg)Catch (kg)14. VID314. VID3 Character Character 3 3 Species codeSpecies code15. VILOV315. VILOV3 Numeric Numeric 4 1 4 1 Catch (kg)Catch (kg)16. VID416. VID4 Character Character 3 3 Species codeSpecies code17. VILOV417. VILOV4 Numeric Numeric 4 1 4 1 Catch (kg)Catch (kg)18. VID518. VID5 Character Character 3 3 Species codeSpecies code19. VILOV519. VILOV5 Numeric Numeric 4 1 4 1 Catch (kg)Catch (kg)

Data ValueData Value

• The value of this database The value of this database originated from originated from the method of the method of research: research: collection of the collection of the information on the state of information on the state of ecosystem (estimations of the stock abundance, food, ecosystem (estimations of the stock abundance, food, localization/distribution of aggregations, and corresponding localization/distribution of aggregations, and corresponding biological biological analysisanalysis) were carried out simultaneously with ) were carried out simultaneously with oceanographic surveys, which were complimented with oceanographic surveys, which were complimented with meteorological observations. meteorological observations.

OpportunitiesOpportunitiesAnalyse the situation in the synoptic spatial-temporal scale, i.e. Analyse the situation in the synoptic spatial-temporal scale, i.e. to define the state of fish population and its behaviour in relation to define the state of fish population and its behaviour in relation to the water structure peculiarities provides a ground for to the water structure peculiarities provides a ground for expanding knowledge of ecosystems (scientific aspects), and for expanding knowledge of ecosystems (scientific aspects), and for implementing operative regulation of fishery (implementing operative regulation of fishery (closed closed seasons/areas, seasons/areas, quota management, quota management, etc.etc.) and scientific advise to ) and scientific advise to improve efficiency of fisheries fleet operations (short-term improve efficiency of fisheries fleet operations (short-term forecasts), administrative and commercial applications tailored forecasts), administrative and commercial applications tailored to rational and sustainable use of MLR. to rational and sustainable use of MLR. Data obtained by standard methods in the term of repeated Data obtained by standard methods in the term of repeated (through a number of years, in the same geographic regions) (through a number of years, in the same geographic regions) integrated surveys allows to access the long-term dynamics of integrated surveys allows to access the long-term dynamics of the state of population of certain species against long-term the state of population of certain species against long-term fluctuations of the oceanographic and meteorological modes. fluctuations of the oceanographic and meteorological modes. Besides the science-related aspects, such data maintains Besides the science-related aspects, such data maintains applied information on changes in the overall stocks and applied information on changes in the overall stocks and estimations the Total Allowable Catches, as well as the estimations the Total Allowable Catches, as well as the development of middle- and long-term forecasts.development of middle- and long-term forecasts.

ObjectivesObjectivesof the current stage of the database development of the current stage of the database development

• hardware;hardware;• Intranet which would have access to other communication networks;Intranet which would have access to other communication networks;• developing and arranging databanks with a compulsory access to developing and arranging databanks with a compulsory access to

the global network;the global network;• data search and data transfers of archives into digital formats; data search and data transfers of archives into digital formats; • integrating into the database those materials that have been integrating into the database those materials that have been

collected in expeditions by other research institutions and other DB collected in expeditions by other research institutions and other DB maintained as a result of a number of projects performed;maintained as a result of a number of projects performed;

• QC and correction of digitized data; QC and correction of digitized data; • software facilities for archiving, processing of integrated data, and software facilities for archiving, processing of integrated data, and

distribution of final data and information;distribution of final data and information;• training of personnel.training of personnel.

Maine ProblemsMaine Problems

• Materials of biological and ichthyological surveys in some Materials of biological and ichthyological surveys in some cases do not allow any kind of formalizationcases do not allow any kind of formalization. Formalization of . Formalization of footnotes and extended comments made in cruises logbooks footnotes and extended comments made in cruises logbooks is not possible, while they present valuable information for is not possible, while they present valuable information for researchers. Such information may be scanned and stored as researchers. Such information may be scanned and stored as digital images in “registers of field studies”, to be included in digital images in “registers of field studies”, to be included in the final integrated electronic product. the final integrated electronic product.

• Arranging of different types of data, also with consideration of Arranging of different types of data, also with consideration of the data interrelationships.the data interrelationships. Volumes of information that differs Volumes of information that differs by contents and by the forms it can be best stored, suggests a by contents and by the forms it can be best stored, suggests a very specific role of experts in charge of the final integrated very specific role of experts in charge of the final integrated product development, as well as a requirement to ensure the product development, as well as a requirement to ensure the prospective users’ access to different levels of adequate prospective users’ access to different levels of adequate information presented in the most explicit way on the specific information presented in the most explicit way on the specific matters of the user’s enquiry.matters of the user’s enquiry.

PerspectivesPerspectives

• A possible solution to the problems stated above is the A possible solution to the problems stated above is the proposed design of the GIS-based integrated database. proposed design of the GIS-based integrated database. This is supposed to be a comprehensive Fisheries This is supposed to be a comprehensive Fisheries Science/Knowledge Data Base, which will contain both Science/Knowledge Data Base, which will contain both primary data obtained from surveys and analytical ones primary data obtained from surveys and analytical ones and descriptive information, as a result of investigations and descriptive information, as a result of investigations then compiled into aggregated descriptions of certain then compiled into aggregated descriptions of certain species, their biological specifications and features of species, their biological specifications and features of behaviour determined by the water structure of the region. behaviour determined by the water structure of the region. The system should harmonize all scientific and fisheries The system should harmonize all scientific and fisheries data that exist presently and will be assimilated in the data that exist presently and will be assimilated in the future.future.

HopeHope

• On the basis of the above-said information it will be possible On the basis of the above-said information it will be possible to develop guiding decisions regarding priorities and to develop guiding decisions regarding priorities and strategies of sustainable use and development of MLR, on strategies of sustainable use and development of MLR, on ecological monitoring of certain regions of the World Ocean, ecological monitoring of certain regions of the World Ocean, coastal zone management and sustainable development coastal zone management and sustainable development improving health and productivity of aquaculture, effective improving health and productivity of aquaculture, effective MLR management through the provision of better information. MLR management through the provision of better information. The above-mentioned specific data sets and substantial The above-mentioned specific data sets and substantial experience of personnel would make a good background for experience of personnel would make a good background for provision of MLR-risk management solutions even in cases of provision of MLR-risk management solutions even in cases of uncertainty.uncertainty.

AcknowledgmentsAcknowledgments

• COD Organising CommitteeCOD Organising Committee

• Dr. Edward Vander Berghe – Chair, Organising CommitteeDr. Edward Vander Berghe – Chair, Organising Committee• Dr. Sydney Levitus – the GODAR Project LeaderDr. Sydney Levitus – the GODAR Project Leader• Galya Korshunova – FORTRAN ProgrammerGalya Korshunova – FORTRAN Programmer• Natalya Romanova – FoxPro DB ProgrammerNatalya Romanova – FoxPro DB Programmer• Svetlana Pronenko – F0xPro DB ProgrammerSvetlana Pronenko – F0xPro DB Programmer• Dr. Inna Petroune – English ProofingDr. Inna Petroune – English Proofing