the periodic table -...
TRANSCRIPT
The periodic table
1
August 15, 2013
Aug 1511:40 AM
The Periodic Table (Chapters 6.1 and 6.2)
The periodic table was developed as a method for scientists to organize all the known elements.
The Russian chemist Dimitri Mendeleev published the first periodic table in 1869.
Mendeleev arranged the elements in his periodic table in order of increasing atomic mass.
Aug 1511:40 AM
In the modern periodic table, elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number.
The periodic table
2
August 15, 2013
Aug 1511:40 AM
When atoms are arranged by increasing atoms number, we find that elements that have similar chemical and physical properties end up together.
This is called Periodic Law.
Aug 1511:40 AM
Three Classes of Elements
Metals, Nonmetals and Metalloids
The periodic table
3
August 15, 2013
Aug 1511:40 AM
1. Metals are good conductors of heat and electric current.
> 80% of elements are metals.
> Metals have a high luster, are ductile, and are malleable.
> Examples: Copper, Iron, Gold
2. Nonmetals are poor conductors of heat and electric current.
> Most nonmetals are gases at room temperature.
> A few nonmetals are solids, such as carbon, sulfur and phosphorus. (Brittle and dull)
> One nonmetal, bromine, is a darkred liquid.
Aug 1511:40 AM
3. Metalloids generally has properties that are similar to those of metals and nonmetals.
Examples: Boron and Gallium
The periodic table
4
August 15, 2013
Aug 1511:40 AM
The periodic table displays the symbols and names of the elements, along with information about the structure of their atoms.
Atomic Number
Average Atomic Mass
Element Symbol
Element Name
Aug 1511:40 AM
Perio
ds
Groups
The periodic table
5
August 15, 2013
Aug 1511:40 AM
Family Names
> The Group 1 elements are called alkali metals.
> The Group 2 elements are called alkaline earth metals.
> The nonmetals of Group 17 are called halogens.
> The Group 18 elements are called noble gases.
Aug 1511:40 AM
Elements in groups 1316 are often referred to as representative elements because they display a wide range of physical and chemical properties.
The tranistion elements are mostly metals and are located in the middle of the periodic table (groups 312).
> Examples: Iron, Gold, Copper.
> Most are multivalent elements (can have more than one charge)
The periodic table
6
August 15, 2013
Aug 1511:40 AM
The lanthanide series is part of period 6 and begins with the element lanthanum .
The actinide series is part of period 7 and begins with the element actinium.
> These two families are sometimes calles the inner transition metals
Aug 1511:40 AM