the peace studies field.ppt

7/30/2019 The Peace Studies Field.ppt

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Hal CulbertsonOctober 18, 2010


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Historical OriginsScopeCriticisms

Responses


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The causes of war and theconditions needed for peace


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Peace studies is flexible, adaptiveEach institution, country, region has own historyMy understanding focuses on development of PeaceStudies in North America and Europe

Look forward to learning about development of field inSoutheast Asia


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Academic discussions of peace are largely by philosophers (i.e. Thucydides) religions (i.e. just war, jihad, mindfulness) lawyers (i.e. laws of war)


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International RelationsPeace studies rebellion against strong realism in IR fieldKey questions: causes of war, arms control

Religious colleges/universities Peace studies emerges at institutions in peace

church tradition ( quaker, mennonite, brethren) Key questions: ethics of nonviolence


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50-70s intl war prevention/elimination 80s conflict resolution, arms control90s ethnic and group violence

00s post-violence peace building,terrorism


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Global Events Forming the Peace Research Agenda

Event Understanding of Event Peace Research TopicsWorld War I: Trauma Loss of Crisis Control History, Causes of War

League of Nations: Encouraging Aggression, Need for Rules International Law

World War II: Trauma Again: Lost Control Strategic Study vs Peace Research

Hiroshima: Trauma Science used for War Disarmament, Arms Control

Gandhi in India: Encouraging Use of Nonviolent Means History, Cases of Nonviolence

United Nations: Encouraging Cooperation, Decolonization International Organization

Holocaust: Trauma Genocide, Ethnic Violence Human and Collective Rights

Cold War: Trauma Danger of Escalation, Militarization Conflict Theory, Conversion

European Unity: Encouraging Overcoming Ancient Enmity Integration and Democracy Theory

Vietnam War: Trauma Dependence, Imperialism Structural Violence

Totalitarian Dissidents: Encouraging Popular Moves to Democracy NGOs, Popular Attitudes

Dtente: Encouraging Confidence-Building Cooperation, Common SecurityEnvironmental Threats : Trauma Fear of Disaster and Conflict Scarcity, Conflict and Cooperation

Bosnia: Trauma Clash of Identities Ethnic Dilemmas, Prevention

Peacemaking:Encouraging Ending of Wars Conflict Resolution

Wallensteen (2001)


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In Europe, separate peace research Institutes Peace Research International, Oslo (PRIO) (1959) Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI)

(1966) Tampere Peace Research Institute, Finland (1970)

University of BradfordIn U.S., peace studies at universities and colleges Manchester (1948), Manhatten College (Catholic) (1971),

Colgate (1970) USIP (1984)

In Asia (needs your input!) Asia Pacific Peace Research Association (1980) ANU peace research center (1985)


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Journal of Conflict Resolution (1957) Journal of Peace Research (1964)


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Research, Education andAction


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A multi-disciplinary field that combinesresearch, education and action, focusing onthree general areas of study: the causes and conditions which generate and

sustain violent conflict the mechanisms and models for the resolution of

violent conflict and, the norms, practices and institutions for building

peace.


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Within these three major themes peacestudies pursues scholarly inquiry, teaching,and occasionally advocacy across threedifferent levels of social analysis :

individuals social groups from small to within

nations nations and in the international

system.


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Causes of Violence Methods for reducingconflict and buildingpeace

Values, norms, andinstitutions for peace

IndividualPsychologySocio-biologyPhilosophyHumanities

PsychologyCommunicationLabor relationsEducation

PhilosophyHumanitiesReligious Studies

GroupSocial-PsychEconomicsSociologyPolitical science

Labor relationsSocial-PsychLawSS writ large

SociologyPolitical ScienceLaw

InternationalSocial sciences writ large International studies +

SS writ largeInternational law andintl studies


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No program can do it all this is a FIELDNeed to pick niche Factors University mission, strengths, and weaknesses Political environment Faculty resources


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Research

ActionEducation

Gandhi/PeoplePower Revolution

Peace NGOs

Peace processes

International orgs

Religiouspeacebuilding

Nonformalinitiatives(communityeducation)

Primary andsecondary

Undergraduatefocus (criticalthinking about warand peace)

MA (professional

orientation)

Ph.D. - GeorgeMason, Kroc,Winnipeg, Payap,Uppsala

Causes of violence/war

Methods for conflictresolution/peacebuilding

Values, Norms and

Institutions


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Role of action in peace studiesNot like other studies areas, more integral Like nutrition studies, peace studies is not neutral aboutpeace and war peace is preferred over war, justice ispreferred over oppression

Action plays big role in defining research andeducational agendaAction often motivates faculty to get involved in fieldStudents often interested in peace action

Links to action also create some of thebiggest challenges for the field


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Intellectual Not objective Not rigorous (fuzzy-headed) Nave, ignores reality (particularly pacifists)

Political Ideological Aligned with party, movement, or enemy Using academic position to recruit youth to

viewpoint


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The Peace Racket - Bawer


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We are all communicators for the field of peace studiesNeed to be able to articulate what field isabout in ways that counter criticismsFallons making the case list


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Establish a clear intellectual statement of theparameters of their field and general field theexpertise that their program will emphasize;Derive a raison detre for their program fromthe mission statement of the college oruniversityPick workable (sustainable) curricular and

administrative modelsHelp administration and faculty colleagues toget it !!


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Faculty and course inventoryExamine other programsMeet and talk - and create and experiment -and evaluateBuilding a student recruitment and retentionstrategyAnd Communicate


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Peace Studies Justice StudiesPeace & Justice Studies

Justice & Peace StudiesP & J or J & P ProgramPeace & Conflict Studies (PACS)Peace & Global Studies (PAGS) (GAPS!!)Peace & World Order Studies


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The intro course the building blockMid-range courses of distinction: Conflict resolution etc Problems of peace and war Non-violent social change Media and peace; Gender and peace; Environment

and peaceHandling the experientialservice learning What to do with seniors?


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Demonstrate student interest/demandShow clearly that there is a field called peacestudiesDevelop faculty interest and competenceDo what we do with transparency andintegrityDont be on the defensive be comparative!

the peace studies field.ppt

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