International Research Journal of Applied and Basic Sciences © 2015 Available online at www.irjabs.com ISSN 2251-838X / Vol, 9 (9): 1517-1521 Science Explorer Publications

The Parthian newfound area review in the central part of the Iranian Plateau: Ravanj-e Josheghan-e

ghali

Ali Aarab

Department of Archaeology, University of Shahr-e kord, Rahbar Street, Iran

Corresponding Author email: ali1371sk@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT: Despite the strong potential of the Josheghan Isfahan rug and Meymeh excavated, unfortunately so far accurately and comprehensively explore in the this section is not performed. Ravnj ancient mounds located in along the banks of the now dry and is representative of the Parthian period. cemeteries available in this enclosure, one of the Parthian cemeteries rocky ridges is famous cemeteries, the graves of the surface is covered with fine and coarse rubble. According to the proportion of the pottery shed around graves, graves is expected within the containers and objects have been. Ravanj in the eastern part of mound, we saw a lot of the slag and metal of which a major studio would Ravanj for melting metal. Find the area can the Parthian head start on research and archeological excavations in this part of Iran. Likely one of the most important factors for accommodation in this area has been in the ore. with the settlement on Khorheh and Ravanj we can know how the people living in the central plateau of Iran has marked the Seleucid and Parthian era. Key words: Ravanj, Parthian era, metal melt, Pottery, cemeteries.

INTRODUCTION

Overthrow of the Achaemenian dynasty which occurred by the invasion of Alexander the Macedonian

to Iran and defeating Darush III in 333 B.C, resulted in the expansion and penetration of Greek art and civilization in Iran (Kokh,2000:244). Parthian dynasty (ca 250 B.C.-225 A.D.) as one of the longest dynasties of ancient Iran has been originated from the eastern regions of Caspian Sea and lasted for five centuries. The Parthian people in addition to using the Iranian local tradition (Persian), at first were highly influenced by the Greek culture, but by passage of time, the Iranian and Greek culture were blended and a new culture with definitely Iranian properties was emerged(Mehrafarin et al, 2013: 309). Geographical setting

Josheghan-e ghali is a city in the northwestern Isfahan . The city of Kashan city functions. Ravanj area rug is located 7 kilometers north Josheghan.

Despite the strong potential of the Josheghan Isfahan rug and Meymeh excavated, unfortunately so far accurately and comprehensively explore in the this section is not performed. Ravnj ancient mounds located in along the banks of the now dry and is representative of the Parthian period. Due to the breadth and the height of the mound is quite important Ravnj in the Parthian period is specified.

This enclosure consists of several main part which are located in the upper part of the mound and architecture cemetery rocky ridges and melt the metal workshop.

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Figure 1. Location of Ravanj in central Iran.

Check the upper Ravanj mound and architecture:

It is mound a considerable height. Faience wares scattered around the it is fairly high. Pottery mostly red body, some of which are covered with a kind of clayish cover with low thickness, the

color of the clayish cover is mostly buff. Pottery firing and Chamot Enough is mostly sand. Some of the pottery on the potter's wheel rule is quite clear. Pottery motifs can be found on the some of the type designs are engraved. The hill with the neighborhood pottery, pottery Korheh area is quite comparable, pottery Khorheh also mainly red body and some internal or external surface covered with buff color. And Chamot or their binder material generally red soil is sand and rock fragments (Rahbar, 2004: 117-118).

This mound can be seen in the upper part of the wall. Considering being very few part it remained out of soil without exploring impossible to determine the type of architecture. Steep slope of the mound on the north side. And see therising ground ) around the hill. The hill is about 600 meters away from streams and rivers in the southern part is located.

Figure 2. south view of the Ravanj mound.

Ravanj

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Figure 3. part of wall in the upper of the mound.

Figure 4. Pottery.

Review of existing cemeteries the area Ravanj Cemeteries available in this enclosure, one of the Ashkani cemeteries rocky ridges is famous

cemeteries, the graves of the surface is covered with fine and coarse rubble. According to the proportion of the pottery shed around graves, graves is expected within the containers and objects have been. Similar examples of these graves in the Parthian period in the area as we Springs Persepolis in Fars (Saeedi-e harsini, 1997: 105). Ravanj cemeteries 400 meters away and the river is in the south side of Ravanj mound. An area where

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the graves are located in an area with a considerable area, but unfortunately due to some illegal excavations of the graves are gone.

Figure 5. Part of cemeteries in Ravanj.

Evaluation of metal melt shop Ravanj

Ravanj in the eastern part of mound, we saw a lot of the slag and metal of which a major studio would Ravanj for melting metal. Josheghan area rugs and Meymeh are called in the language of metal mines. Mine is probably why the area is located near the metal. Due to the large weight of the slag is likely that they have been lead metal slag, molten metal in the sense types Ravanj specific tests are needed. In this workshop we will be exploring the metal melting Parthian period aware that something very interesting.

Given that it appears in the Parthian period, providing artwork was done by using metal and ceramic for general use and everyday needs (Sarfaraz and Firouzmandi, 2000: 227), then perhaps the people of Ravnj follow this case and have come to a metal melt shop.

Figure 6. Part of metal melt shop in Ravanj.

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CONCLUSIONS

Find the area can the Parthian head start on research and archeological excavations in this part of Iran. Likely one of the most important factors for accommodation in this area has been in the ore. People lived in this area all the elements together and are located close to each other. Likely residential area located on the hill, the metal melt shop nearby farms were working and resting near their work and their residences have been. The distance to the closest area the Parthian Ravanj, Khorhe the neighborhoods. Khorheh Valley Mahalat , southeast of Qom-Kashan is located in Arak Road (Vandan Berg, 2009: 124). Hertzfeld is one of the ancient archaeologists who visited the area after his Ali hakemi, and Mehdi Rahbar some excavating was done here (Mohammadi Far, 2009: 113). However the archeological excavations in the area has been done any Ravanj. with the settlement on Khorheh and Ravanj we can know how the people living in the central plateau of Iran has marked the Parthian era.

REFERENCES

Kokh H. 2000. Az zabane Daryush, translated by Parviz Rajabi, kareng prees, Tehran(In farsi). Mehrafarin R, Vasegh Abbasi Z, Saadatiyan M.2013. Clothing of People in Sistan during Parthian Period with Reference to the Frescos of

Koh-E Khajeh, International Journal of Business and Social Science Vol. 4 No. 8 ,July 2013. Mohammadi Far Y. 2009. Archaeology and Art, Ashkani, Samt, Tehran(In farsi). Rahbar M. 2004. excavated Khorheh, Sazmane Miras-e farhangi, Tehran(In farsi).

Saeedi-e harsini MR. 1997. study of burial practices in the Parthian period, MSc Thesis, TarbiatModarres University, Tehran (unpublished)(In farsi).

Sarfaraz AA, Firouzmandi B.2000. archeology and art history of the Median, Achaemenid, Parthian, Sassanid, Marlik Publications,

Tehran(In farsi). Vandanberg L. 2009. Archaeology of Ancient Iran, Tehran University, Tehran(In farsi).